Comparison of the Serum Cholesterol, Insulin Resistance and Markers of Metabolic Syndrome Based on Hepatitis C Virus RNA / 農村醫學 地域保健

OBJECTIVES: We compared the difference of lipid, insulin resistance and metabolic markers based on HCV RNA in Korean adults. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of 222 subjects visited the health promotion center of Pusan national university hospital from 2004 to 2007. Subjects were anti-HCV antibody positive and were performed RT-PCR for HCV RNA. The HCV RNA (+) group were 85 subjects, HCV RNA (−) control group were 115 subjects, and the HCV RNA (−) but past positive group were 22 subjects. We performed anthropometry, anti-HCV, RT-PCR, plasma concentrations of insulin, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride. RESULTS: BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, insulin resistance such as HOMA-IR and QUICKI were not significantly different between HCV RNA positive and negative groups. The serum total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol level were significantly lower in the HCV RNA positive group than in the negative group (186.24±37.63 vs 197.22±37.23 mg/dl, p=0.041, 111.66±34.06 vs 121.38±35.50 mg/dl, p=0.042). After adjusting age and sex, high total cholesterol (≥ 200mg/dl) (adjusted OR=0.51, 95%CI 0.28-0.94, p=0.03) and high LDL cholesterol (≥ 130mg/dl) (adjusted OR=0.46, 95%CI 0.24~0.87, p=0.02) were inversely associated with being HCV RNA positive (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol level were significantly lower in HCV RNA (+) group than in HCV RNA (−) group, but not in HCV RNA (−) but past positive group. Prospective cohort studies are needed to clarify the relationship between HCV RNA and metabolic markers.

The Correlation of Meal Frequency and Nutrition with Mental Health Status in Women Aged 20-39 Years: The 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2010-2012

BACKGROUND: We analyzed the relationship between meal frequency and nutrition with mental health status, and provide basic data on health promotion for breakfast and dinner skippers compared to non-skippers. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study of 2,114 women aged 20-39 years who participated in the KNHANES in 2010-2012. We compared differences such as marital status, weight change, obesity, and under-weightness, smoking, high-risk alcohol consumption, exercise, suicide ideation, stress perception, depression, blood pressure, lipid profile, 25-Hydroxyvitamin-D, and ferritin levels among meal-skipping groups by cross tabulation analysis and general linear model analysis. RESULTS: The proportion of respondent undergoing weight loss efforts was over 50%, and of those roughly 75% were using a specific diet (e.g., fasting, skipping meals, single food diet). The breakfast and dinner skippers tended to be young, unmarried, and, had higher stress perception and suicide ideation than the non-skipping meal group. There were significantly higher incidents of obesity (body mass index > or =25 kg/m2, P=0.004), weight loss efforts, smoking, high-risk alcohol consumption, suicide ideation, and irregular menstruation in dinner skippers. In addition, there were significantly higher levels of under-weightness (P=0.004) and frequent eating out (over 5-6/week, P=0.005) in breakfast skippers. CONCLUSION: There were more physical and mental problems in dinner skippers in regards to high-risk alcohol consumption, suicide ideation, stress perception, and irregular menstruation. In the future, long-term studies are needed to reveal the correlation of meal frequency and nutrition with mental health status in patients who skip meals.

Excessive Sodium Intake and Related Factors According to Energy Intakes Among Korean Elderly: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study

BACKGROUND: Few large-scale studies have investigated sodium intake in Korean elderly. We examined excessive sodium intake and related factors according to energy intake in this population. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2012. We analyzed the 24-hour dietary recall data from 1,496 elderly individuals (635 men, 861 women), who were then categorized into three groups according to energy intake-insufficient, appropriate, and excessive. The association between sociodemographic factors and 4 g or more of sodium intake were examined by the multivariable logistic regression model. RESULTS: Mean sodium intake was 4.7 g/day for men and 3.3 g/day for women. Subjects who consumed excessive energy had a higher risk of consuming 4 g or more of sodium in men (odds ratio [OR], 2.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24-5.08) and women (OR, 3.89; 95% CI, 2.21-6.85) compared with subjects who consumed an appropriate amount of energy. In men, low house income (OR, 2.36; 95% CI, 1.07-5.19) in the group with insufficient energy intake and living alone (OR, 6.30; 95% CI, 2.26-17.54) in the group with excessive energy intake were significantly associated with excessive sodium intake. In women, alcohol use (OR, 4.46; 95% CI, 1.29-15.44) and regular walking (OR, 3.22; 95% CI, 1.15-9.03) in the group with excessive energy intake were significantly associated with excessive sodium intake. CONCLUSION: We observed a significant association between excessive sodium intake with low income and living alone in men. Our findings suggest that dietary support to reduce sodium intake is needed in the elderly.

The Cumulative Recurrence Rate of Colonic Adenomatous Polyps After Colon Polypectomy in a Single University Hospital Health Check-up Examinees / 農村醫學 地域保健

OBJECTIVES: Colonoscopy is a popular tool for screening for colon cancer throughout the world. The incidence of polypectomy and follow-up colonoscopy are persistently increasing but the studies about follow-up test after polypectomy are still lack of its domestic sources. This study is designed to look into the recurrence rate of colon polyps and risk factors after polypectomy. METHODS: This is a retrospective study by reviewing medical charts of 147 patients who underwent polypectomy and follow-up colonoscopy from Jan. 2000 to Mar. 2008. The Kudo classification was used to describe the polyps found in the colonoscopy. The follow-up period was defined as the term between polypectomy and the first colonoscopy follow up. RESULTS: Seventy six point two percent of the enrolled patient were male and the mean age was 56.5 +/- 8.1. Mean follow-up period was 24.9 +/- 13.7 (6 - 65) months. The cumulative recurrence rate of 1 year was 11.6%. The rate of 2 years was 36.7% and that of 3 years was 55.8%. The number of polyps was the factor which statistically showed significant relation of its recurrence rate. The histological morphology characteristic of polyps could be one independent factor which may be associated to the recurrence of polyps. CONCLUSIONS: The importance of colonoscopy follow up after polypectomy was clearly emphasized through the cumulative recurrence rate of 55.8%. Therefore, there is a need for more domestic studies with a large number of patients about the recurrence of polyps after polypectomy.