In vivo evaluation of clinical performance of Cention N and glass ionomer cement in proximal restorations of primary molars

Introduction: Restoring a proximal lesion in primary tooth has met with many challenges which has led to evolution of many materials. An alternative to Glass Ionomer Cements which has fluoride releasing capacity, offers good bond strength and is esthetic have been long looked for. Aim: This study aimed to compare the clinical performance of GIC and Cention N in proximal restorations of primary molars. Materials and Methodology: A prospective study was conducted on 154 primary molars in patients aged between 5 and 8 years using a split-mouth design. Patients were divided into two groups. Control group restored with GIC and study group received Cention N. Both groups were assessed at baseline 3, 6 and 9 months according to Ryge criteria and data was statistically analysed using Fisher's Exact. Results: Statistically significant difference was found between GIC and Cention N restorations for color match at baseline and color stability at 3 months (P < 0.001), while the other parameters did not show any significant difference among the two restorative materials. Conclusion: Cention N can be used as a suitable alternative to GIC for restoring Class II restorations in primary molars.

Estimation of salivary proteins in early childhood caries before and after treatment using gel electrophoresis

Background: Saliva being an important biological fluid of our body contains both specific and nonspecific protective factors which form an integral part of our immune system. Salivary proteins play a substantial role in protecting humans against infection. Their level in oral cavity is subject to constant variations which is dependent on various factors. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to compare the levels of salivary proline-rich proteins (PRPs), glycoproteins, amylase bands, and salivary pH in children with early childhood caries before and after treatment using gel electrophoresis. Materials and Methods: The whole salivary pH, mean protein concentrations, and electrophoretic profiles of the salivary proteins were measured using sodium dodecylsulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in both pre- and posttreatment groups. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 15.0 software. Chi-square test and independent t-test were used to further compare the results. Results: The results were statistically significant in all the groups. There was variation in pre- and posttreatment values seen. Conclusion: Salivary proteins (glycoproteins, PRPs, and amylase) establish an imperative defense mechanism as antimicrobial agents.

Comparative Assessment of Clonidine and Tramadol on Post-Spinal Anaesthesia Shivering among Patients with Lower Abdominal and Lower Limb Surgeries: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Introduction: Spinal anaesthesia is commonly used as asafe anaesthetic technique for both elective and emergencyoperations. Shivering is known to be a frequent complicationreported in 40 to 70% of the patients undergoing surgery inregional anaesthesia. Hence, the aim of the present studywas to compare the efficacy of clonidine, and α2-agonistwith that of tramadol, a non-opioid analgesic for control ofshivering after spinal anaesthesia in patients undergoing lowerabdominal and lower limb surgeries.Material and methods: The present study was a randomizedcontrolled trial which was conducted among 60 patients agedbetween 18 to 70 years, who were scheduled for abdominal andlower limb surgeries and who developed shivering followingspinal anaesthesia. These 60 patients of ASA grade I and IIwhich were selected randomly after taking informed andwritten consent from their relatives. Once patient developedshivering, they were randomly allocated into two groupsnamed as Group C and Group T.Results: Patients who developed shivering grade 3 or 4 wereincluded in study. There was no significant difference betweenboth the groups regarding shivering grade. Out of 30 patientsin Group C, shivering subsided in 29(96.7%) patients. Whilein group T, shivering subsided in 26(86.7%) patients out of30. There was significant difference in both groups for controlof shivering (p= 0.0001) which proved that the rate of successafter clonidine was more than that of tramadol.Conclusion: Both clonidine (75 μg) and tramadol (0.5 mg/kg) can effectively treat patients with post-spinal anaesthesiashivering, but tramadol took longer time for completecessation of shivering than clonidine.

Flangeless denture: an innovative technique for management of labial undercut in completely edentulous patient: a case report

Labial ridge undercut is more commonly seen in maxilla than mandible in completely edentulous individuals and it possess a great threat to the final estheticoutcome. Construction of a labial flange in conventional manner might compromise the facial support and muscles of facial expression, limit function, and compromise aesthetics for a better prognosis, an unconventional approach is needed for the construction of complete denture. This case report describesan innovative, economical, nonsurgical treatment option for fabrication of complete denture in a patient with a prominent labial undercut to enhance the facial aesthetics of the patient.

A study of Neurological Soft Signs and Minor Physical Anomalies in children of parents with Schizophrenia and those without Schizophrenia

Introduction: ‘Neurological soft signs (NSS)’ and ‘Minor physical anomalies (MPA)’ represent two quitedistinct markers of risk for schizophrenia that stem from genetic factors and have been studied over thepast 3 decades. The aim of the current study was to assess Neurological soft signs (NSS) and Minorphysical anomalies (MPA) in children of patients suffering from schizophrenia and compare the same tochildren having parents without any psychiatric disorders.Methodology: The study was a cross sectional study at a Private tertiary care psychiatric hospital in urbanset up. The data was collected over a period of 1 year during June 2016- June 2017. The subjects of thisstudy were children of parents suffering from schizophrenia and children of parents without anypsychiatric disorder. The control group was made up of 40 children of the same age group with parentshaving no psychiatric disorders. Following the collection of sociodemographic details using a semistructured proforma, children in both groups were assessed using the Physical and Neurological Soft signScale (PANESS) while MPAs were assessed using the Waldrop scale. The data collected was statisticallyanalyzed.Results: There was no statistically significant correlation between demographic factors like gender, age,birth order, educational status or type of delivery with neurological soft signs and minor physicalanomalies. It was found that the study group had higher score for incoordination of gait and balance;higher score for slowness in performing patterned speed of movements which included toe heel alteration,hand supination and pronation, finger succession as compared to control group along with higher scoresfor involuntary movements, excess dysrhythmia score and overflow score including mirror movements inindex group than controls. There was no statistically significant difference in lateral preference patterns ormix handedness of cases and controls. Among Minor physical anomalies, the study group also had moreanomalies in mouth like high-steeped palate and tongue anomaly, curved 5th finger of hands and big gapbetween first and second toe (sandal gap).Conclusion: NSS and MPA are important variables and biomarkers that may be assessed in patients withschizophrenia and their offspirngs.

Comparison of Cardiac Function Evaluation by 128-Slice Single Source Retrospectively Gated Cardiac CT and 2D/M- mode Echocardiography.

Aims: To study the correlation of Cardiac function/ejection fraction derived from 128 slice MDCT (multi detector computed tomography) results with those of functional data from 2D/M-mode echocardiography. Study Design: Retrospective, comparative study with empirical data. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Radiology at K. Govindaswamy Naidu Medical Trust hospital, Coimbatore, between May 2013 and October 2013. Methodology: For this study, 44 patients (M: F = 35: 9; mean age = 49 years) were randomly chosen who had come between May 2013 and October 2013. All the patients were referred to our department from cardiology as well as non-cardiology OPD’s for coronary CT angiography. Ejection fraction data was obtained using two methods; M-mode echocardiography and 128-slice MDCT using retrospective ECG gated coronary angiographic study. Results: The mean of LVEF (left ventricle ejection fraction) by echo is 64.73 with standard deviation of +/- 5.48 and the mean of LVEF by cardiac CT is 65.18 with standard deviation of +/- 8.70 with P- value of 0.770 (P value ranges from 0-1) which shows good correlation. The evaluation of LVEF by linear regression analysis show good correlation between LVEF by echo and MDCT. (r= 0.486). [r value ranges between -1 and +1]. Conclusion: This study shows the cardiac function evaluation using 128 slice MDCT is as good as the 2D- echocardiography thus the results are interchangeable between the modalities.