Sporothrix brasiliensis produces the highest levels of oxidative stress in a murine model among the species of the Sporothrix schenckii complex

Abstract INTRODUCTION: We compared indicators of oxidative stress in the tissue of mice infected with strains from Sporothrix schenckii complex. METHODS: Mice were inoculated with Sporothrix brasiliensis, Sporothrix schenckii sensu stricto, Sporothrix globosa, Sporothrix mexicana or Sporothrix albicans. The activity of catalase and glutathione were accessed in the liver and spleen. RESULTS: Animals infected with S. brasiliensis exhibited splenomegaly and significant decrease in catalase activity, and protein and non-protein thiol content compared to animals infected with the other species. CONCLUSIONS: Sporothrix brasiliensis exhibits higher pathogenicity compared to other species of the Sporothrix schenckii complex by increasing oxidative stress in animal tissue.

Seroprevalence of Pythium insidiosum infection in equine in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil / Soroprevalência da infecção por Pythium insidiosum em equinos no estado do Rio Grande do Sul

ABSTRACT: An epidemiological survey was carried out by performing an Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) test to determine the seroprevalence of Pythium insidiosum infection in equine in Rio Grande do Sul State (RS), Brazil. The serological study covered seven geographical regions of RS, classified according to the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). The samples were obtained from official veterinary service (Serviço Veterinário Oficial, SVO) linked to the Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Agronegócio of RS (SEAPA-RS) to proceed the investigation of equine infectious anemia in 2014. Samples were collected during the months of September and October of 2013, covering the seven geographical regions of RS, and totalized 1,002 serum samples. The seroprevalence for P. insidiosum in RS was 11.1% (CI95% 9.23 to 13.22). The relative risk (RR) of the presence of antibodies anti-P. insidiosum was in the regions Southeast 11.17 (CI95%, 4.65 to 26.8), Porto Alegre 4.62 (CI95%, 1.70 to 12.55), Southwest 11.17 (CI95%, 4.65 to 26.8) and Northwestern 3.72 (CI95%, 1.52 to 9.09). The highest prevalence (69.1%) was observed in females with RR of 1.59 (CI95%, 1.11 to 2.27). When the presence of dams was evaluated, the seropositivity was evident in 74.4%, presenting an association of 2.13 (CI95%, 1.16 to 3.91) compared to farms without dams. In properties with veterinary assistance, the frequency of 72.7% and RR of 3.04 (CI95%,, 1,85 to 4,98) of seropositivity were observed. Due to the importance of pythiosis in horse herds, this study highlights the presence of anti-P. insidiosum antibodies in horses in RS, Brazil.

RESUMO: Um levantamento soroepidemiológico foi realizado através do teste de ELISA indireto para determinar a soroprevalência da infecção por Pythium insidiosum em equinos no estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS), classificadas de acordo com o Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). As amostras utilizadas eram provenientes do cadastro das propriedades do Serviço Veterinário Oficial (SVO), da Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Agronegócio do RS (SEAPA-RS), coletadas para o inquérito da anemia infecciosa equina de 2014. As coletas foram realizadas durante os meses de setembro e outubro de 2013, abrangendo as sete mesorregiões geográficas do RS, e totalizaram 1.002 amostras de soro. Do total das amostras testadas, 11.1% (CI95% 9.23 to 13.22) foram soropositivas para P. insidiosum. Constatou-se o risco relativo (RR) da presença de anticorpos anti-P. insidiosum nas regiões Sudeste 11,17(IC95%, 4,65-26,8), Porto Alegre 4,62 (IC95%, 1,70-12,55), Sudoeste 11,17 (IC95%, 4,65-26,8) e Noroeste 3,72 (IC95%, 1,52-9,09). Observou-se a maior soroprevalência (69,1%) em fêmeas com RR de 1,59 (IC95%, 1,11-2,27). Quanto à presença de açudes, evidenciou-se soropositividade em 74,4% das propriedades, apresentando associação de 2,13 (IC95%,1,16-3,91) em comparação com propriedades sem açude. Em propriedades com assistência veterinária, foi verificada a frequência de 72,7% e RR de 3,04 (IC95%,1,85-4,98). Diante da relevância da pitiose em rebanhos equinos, destaca-se a presença de anticorpos anti-P. insidiosum em equinos no estado do RS.

Susceptibility variation of Malassezia pachydermatis to antifungal agents according to isolate source

Malassezia pachydermatisis associated with dermatomycoses and otomycosis in dogs and cats. This study compared the susceptibility of M. pachydermatis isolates from sick (G1) and healthy (G2) animals to azole and polyene antifungals using the M27-A3 protocol. Isolates from G1 animals were less sensitive to amphotericin B, nystatin, fluconazole, clotrimazole and miconazole.