Résumé
Background: bio-aerosols in the air of hospital wards have an important role in the development of infections. It is important to make quantitative and qualitative estimations of microorganisms in the air of these wards as an index for environmental hygiene applicable to different hospital wards. The aim of the study was to investigate degrees of diversity and density of bio-aerosols in the education hospitals of Kerman city
Methods: this study applied a descriptive-cross-sectional methodology in the second half of 2014 in the education hospitals of Kerman city, with bed capacity of over 300. As many as 200 samples were collected from the air in different wards of each hospital using the standard method of the National Occupational Health and Safety Institute. Following collection, samples were placed in an incubator for 48 hours and then bio-aerosol detections were made for and resulting data reported as colonies/m3
Results: results indicated that maximum and minimum degrees of bacterial density were observed in operation rooms and in the intensive care unit [ICU] of Shafa hospital. Furthermore, comparison showed that the operating room at Afzalipour hospital had the lowest level of fungal contamination, while ICU at Bahonar hospital had the highest level of fungal contamination. The emitted fungi of Aspergillus and Penicillium along with the bacteria, staphylococci and Acinetobacter had greater frequencies. The means of bacterial density and fungal density were not equal across the studied hospitals and significant statistical, difference was observed between means of bacterial and fungal density [P
Conclusion: amounts of bacterial and fungal density were greater than those proposed in the American Industrial Health State Conference in 73.3% of the wards in the educational hospitals of Kerman city sampled in this study. Therefore it is suggested that implementation of some, necessary measures for continuous monitoring, promotion of hygienic disinfection standards, and ventilation systems are taken more seriously by stipulating regulations to control this important issue in the country's hospitals
Résumé
Tuberculosis is one of the most common infectious diseases in the world. In recent years, genetically approach has been developed. One of the interesting gene for investigator is IFN- gamma R1. In this study we determind susceptibility to tuberculosis with polymorphism of IFN- gamma R1 gene. Fifthly patients with smear positive tuberculosis have been chosen randomly. They were matched with 54 healthy controls with no history of TB. Polymorphism at 395 codon of IFN- gamma R1 gene was detected with Newport method. Mean age of patients and control were 55 13.5 years respectively. Demographic characteristic had no +/- 20 and 53 +/- difference within two groups. One patient in case group had heterozygote mutation at IFN- gamma R1 gene. In control group there were no mutations. Genetically susceptibility to TB was not seen in 395 colon of IFN- gamma R1 in Iranian TB sample and polymorphism of this loci has occur in 2% of TB patients and 0.96% of total study population
Résumé
Background: HIV is the most common risk factor for reactivation of latent TB and is associated with increased rate of progression of infection to disease. Radiological presentation of TB is variable in both HIV [-] and HIV [+] patients but is more in the latter. In this study we describe and analyze radiological presentation of TB/HIV patients in Massih Daneshvari hospital in IRAN
Materials and Methods: We registered the demographic, clinical and laboratory information of TB/HIV patients in Massih Daneshvari hospital between 2002-2003. Inclusion criteria were standard serologic test for HIV [Two positive Elisa test and one positive westernblot test] and proof of TB with clinical and mycobacteriologic or pathologic criteria. Chest x-ray was reported by pulmonary imaging specialist and was divided to two category: Typical [fibrocavitary infiltration in posteroapical segment of upper lobes] and atypical [opacity in middle and lower lobe, hilar and mediastinal adenopathy, pleural effusion, diffuse nodular opacity and normal X-ray]. Findings were analyzed using SPSS version 10.5
Results: 15 patients, 13 men [86.7%] and 2 women were included. Mean [ +/- SD] of CD4 count was 229.15 +/- 199.45. 53.3% of patients had adenopathy, 26.7% had pleural effusion. Only one patient had cavitary disease. Radiographic pattern was typical in one [6.7%] and atypical in 93.3% of patients. In regard to severity of radiological presentation, mild; moderate and severe pattern was seen in 40%, 26.7% and 33.3% respectively. There was no correlation between severity of radiological presentation and death [p=0.8] and severity of radiological presentation and CD4 count [p=0.53]
Conclusion: In this study, it was shown that in spite of some other studies, radiological presentation had not direct correlation with CD4 count; thus, in HIV+ patient, we must consider TB in all atypical radiological presentation regardless of CD4 count
Résumé
Background: Tuberculosis [TB] is one of the commonest infectious diseases of our era; it is the second cause of death due to infectious diseases after AIDS. Studies have shown the significant effect of leukocyte integrins such as LFA-1and ICAM-1 on the function of macrophages against TB bacilli; increasing their activity during the process of TB infection. The objective of this research is to evaluate the changes observed in serum levels of SICAM-1 in pulmonary TB patients that had received treatment
Materials and Methods: All new pulmonary TB cases that had not received any treatment, did not suffer from any kind of co-existing or underlying disorders such as hepatitis, sarcoidosis, lung cancer, HBV, HCV and HIV infections, chronic renal failure, cirrhosis, malnutrition, collagen vascular disorders and had not consumed immunosuppressive agents, were enrolled in this study. The SICAM-1 levels of the cases were measured by ELISA method before and 2 months after treatment with standard anti-TB drugs [Isoniazid, Rifampin, Ethambutol and Pyrazinamide] at the same time. T - test was used to compare the two sets of values of SICAM-1 levels before and 2 months after therapy
Results: A total of 28 patients; 23 [82.1%] male and 5[17.9%] female cases were enlisted .Meanwhile, 50% of the patients were Iranian and the remaining had Afghan nationality. All of them were sputum smear and culture positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Regarding the extent of pulmonary involvement as shown on lung CT-Scan, 68% demonstrated diffuse pulmonary involvement. The mean SICAM-1 level before the initiation of treatment was 554.17 +/- 202.85 ng/ml. Considering age, sex ratio, ESR level, PPD test and severity of lung involvement, the SICAM-1 levels did not show any significant differences in different groups of patients. Among the patients enrolled in the study we were able to follow the seventeen patients [61%] who completed 2 months of treatment. The mean level of SICAM-1 before and after treatment in these patients were 573.9 +/- 204.4 and 481.2 +/- 103.2 ng/ml, respectively [P <0.05]
Conclusion: SICAM-1 is considered as one of the inflammatory mediators that undergoes fluctuations during TB disease; its level is very much related to the extent of lung involvement. Since the level of this marker declines after therapy, it could be used as a "Serum marker "in evaluating the therapeutic response observed during the follow- up. Abbreviations: SICAM: Soluble Intercellular Adhesion Molecule, ICAM: Intercellular Adhesion Molecule, LFA: Leukocyte Function Antigen