Telemedicina como herramienta de enseñanza de la endocrinología en estudiantes de medicina / Telemedicine as a teaching tool for endocrinology in medical students

INTRODUCCIÓN: El estudiante de medicina actualmente está inmerso en una sociedad altamente tecnologizada, dónde la telemedicina podría ser utilizada como un instrumento hacia un mayor aprendizaje. OBJETIVO: El objetivo del estudio es analizar el logro de competencias y el grado de satisfacción de los estudiantes medicina con la utilización de la telemedicina como estrategia didáctica en la enseñanza de la endocrinología. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Estudio preexperimental, correlacional, transversal y con medición posterior a la intervención. La muestra estuvo constituida por los 40 estudiantes de tercer año de medicina (24 hombres y 16 mujeres) que realizaron su práctica de endocrinología durante el segundo semestre del 2017. Se les evaluó los logros alcanzados en las competencias a través de una escala de apreciación y se midió el grado de satisfacción con la actividad docente a través de un cuestionario validado (α de Cronbach de 0,9565). RESULTADOS: El rendimiento de los estudiantes en el módulo de teleendocrinología al evaluar las competencias de analizar, sintetizar y presentar un caso clínico teleconsultado fue de 6,1 en una escala de 1 a 7, y no se encontraron diferencias según sexo. El 90% de los estudiantes consideró muy motivadora la metodología de enseñanza basada en la telemedicina y el 82,5% consideró que esta metodología favorece la integración de los contenidos. CONCLUSIONES: La telemedicina puede ser utilizada como una herramienta para evaluar competencias académicas de endocrinología en los estudiantes de pregrado de medicina, y que estos muestran un alto grado de satisfacción con este tipo de actividad docente.

INTRODUCTION: The medical student is currently immersed in a highly technological society, where telemedicine could be used as an instrument towards greater learning. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study is to analyze the achievement of competences and the degree of satisfaction of medical students with the use of telemedicine as a didactic strategy in the teaching of endocrinology. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Pre-experimental, correlational, cross-sectional study and measurement after the intervention. The sample consisted of 40 third-year medical students (24 men and 16 women) who performed their endocrinology practice during the second semester of 2017. They were evaluated the achievements in the competences through a scale of appreciation and The degree of satisfaction with the teaching activity was measured through a validated questionnaire (Cronbach's de 0.9565). RESULTS: The performance of the students in the teleendocrinology module when evaluating the competences of analyzing, synthesizing and presenting a teleconsultated clinical case was 6.1 on a scale of 1 to 7, and no differences were found according to sex. 90% of the students considered the teaching methodology based on telemedicine very motivating and 82.5% considered that this methodology favors the integration of the contents. CONCLUSIONS: Telemedicine can be used as a tool to evaluate endocrinology academic competences in undergraduate medical students, and that they show a high degree of satisfaction with this type of teaching activity.

Condiciones del contexto educativo para ejercer el rol docente en Ciencias de la Salud: un enfoque cualitativo / The educational context to train health care professionals: a qualitative approach

Background: There are differences in the educational context in Health Sciences, between clinical and non-clinical teachers. Therefore, the didactic and reflexive peculiarities of both educational scenarios should be analyzed. Aim: To describe the conditions of the educational context in Health Sciences for the practice of the teaching role in a Chilean university. Material and Methods: Qualitative study, performed according to Grounded Theory of Strauss and Corbin. Thirty one teachers from six health sciences programs were selected according to Patton's maximum variation criterion and contacted personally, after an informed consent process. Semi-structured interviews and focus group were performed, analyzed by open coding, using the constant comparison method, with the Atlas-ti 7.5.2 software. Results: Six conditions of the educational context that can support the teaching role in these careers emerged. Namely, a clinical field suited for patient attention and teaching, classrooms designed for the new educational models, number of students in the classrooms and clinical settings, insertion programs for teachers' training, teachers' coordination and economic resources of the program. Conclusions: Health Sciences programs are developed in a complex educational context, having to articulate diverse elements to train professionals. Therefore, it is fundamental to understand the conditions of the educational context that can favor the practice of the teaching role, thus generating improvements in teaching-learning process.

Aspectos motivacionales involucrados en el aprendizaje autodirigido en estudiantes de medicina. un enfoque cualitativo / Motivation and self-directed learning among medical students

Background: Motivation is an essential aspect in the training process of medical students. The association that motivation can have with learning self-regulation is of utmost importance for the design of curriculum, teaching methods and evaluation. Aim: To describe the motivational aspects of self-directed learning among medical students from a traditional Chilean University. Material and Methods: A qualitative, descriptive study based on grounded theory of Strauss and Corbin. Twenty 4th and 5th year medical students were selected using a maximum variation sampling technique. After obtaining an informed consent, semi-structured interviews and field notes were carried out. Data were analyzed to the level of open coding through Atlas-ti 7.5.2. Results: From the student point of view, personal motivational aspects are linked to the search for information, constant updating, the perception of the physician-patient relationship and interest in subject matters. From the scope of teachers, a main issue is related to their ability to motivate students to develop independent study skills. Conclusions: Personal motivational aspects facilitate the development of independent study skills, specifically in the search of information. The role of teachers is crucial in promoting these skills and the perception of medical students from their learning process.

Relación entre el bienestar y el rendimiento académico en alumnos de primer año de medicina / Academic achievement, engagement and burnout among first year medical students

Background: Stress may affect the sense of wellbeing and academic achievement of university students. Aim: To assess the relationship of academic engagement and burnout with academic achievement among first year medical students. Material and Methods: The Utrecht Work Engagement Scale-Student and Maslach Burnout Inventory Student Survey (MBI-SS) were applied to 277 first year medical students of four universities. Their results were correlated with the grades obtained in the different courses. Results: Moderately high engagement and low burnout levels were detected. There was a high level of satisfaction with studies and a moderate exhaustion level. Academic achievement was associated with the degree of engagement with studies but not with burnout. Conglomerate analysis detected a group of students with high levels of wellbeing, characterized by high levels of academic engagement and low burnout. Other group had moderate levels of engagement and lack of personal fulfilment. Other group, identified as extenuated, had high levels of personal exhaustion and depersonalization. Finally the disassociated group had a low academic engagement, low emotional exhaustion, high levels of depersonalization and lack of personal fulfillment. Conclusions: Academic achievement is associated with the level of engagement with studies but not with burnout.

Aprendizaje autodirigido y su relación con estilos y estrategias de aprendizaje en estudiantes de medicina / Relationship between self-directed learning with learning styles and strategies in medical students

Background: Self-directed learning (SDL) skills are particularly important in medical education, considering that physicians should be able to regulate their own learning experiences. Aim: To evaluate the relationship between learning styles and strategies and self-directed learning in medical students. Material and Methods: One hundred ninety nine first year medical students (120 males) participated in the study. Preparation for Independent Learning (EPAI) scale was used to assess self-direction. Schmeck learning strategies scale and Honey and Alonso (CHAEA) scales were used to evaluate learning styles and strategies. Results: Theoretical learning style and deep processing learning strategy had positive correlations with self-direct learning. Conclusions: Medical students with theoretical styles and low retention of facts are those with greater ability to self-direct their learning. Further studies are required to determine the relationship between learning styles and strategies with SDL in medical students. The acquired knowledge will allow the adjustment of teaching strategies to encourage SDL.

Estructura factorial y confiabilidad de la escala de aprendizaje autodirigido de Fisher, King & Tague en alumnos de medicina chilenos / Factorial structure and reliability of Fisher, King & Tague's self-directed learning readiness scale in Chilean medical students

Background: Continuous education is crucial among physicians. Therefore, medical schools must teach self-directed learning skills to their students. Aim: To evaluate the factorial structure and reliability of the Spanish version of the Self-Directed Learning Readiness Scale of Fisher, King & Tague, applied to medical students. Material and Methods: The survey was answered by 330 students aged between 17 and 26years (58% men, with 10 missing cases). Factorial structure, internal reliability and temporary stability of scale was evaluated. Results: The Exploratory Factorial Analysis, conducted using a principal factor method, identified five factors in the structure of the survey. Internal consistency was adequate with a Cronbach's alpha between 0.66 and 0.88. Test retest reliability, comparing the results of the survey applied six months after the first application, showed Pearson correlation coefficients that fluctuated between 0.399 and 0.68. Conclusions: These results show a defined factorial structure with adequate reliability of the survey.