Preparation of fisetin solid dispersions / 中成药

AIM To prepare fisetin solid dispersions.METHODS Melting method and solvent method were used for the preparation of solid dispersions,respectively.With carrier type,drug-carrier ratio and stirring time as influencing factors,accumulative dissolution rate as an evaluation index,the preparation was optimized by orthogonal test on the basis of single factor experiment.The interaction between drug and carrier was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR),and the drug existing state was analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).RESULTS Solvent method was more suitable for the preparation of solid dispersions.The optimal conditions were determined to be PVPK-30 as a carrier,1 ∶ 12 for drug-carrier ratio,and 30 min for stirring time,the accumulative dissolution rate reached 90.87％ within 20 min.There might be a hydrogen bond association between PVPK-30 and fisetin previously existing in amorphous or molecular state.CONCLUSION The dissolution rate of fisetin can be obviously increased after being prepared into solid dispersions.

Surgical treatment of advanced penile cancer without distant metastasis / 中华男科学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the effect of surgery on advanced penile cancer without distant metastasis and the factors influencing the prognosis.@*METHODS@#Between September 2007 and July 2015, we treated 8 cases of advanced penile cancer without distant metastasis by penectomy and lymph node dissection. The patients were aged 37－67 (mean 51.1) years. We followed up the patients for 4－60 (mean 19.25) months postoperatively and analyzed the surgical effects and the factors affecting the prognosis.@*RESULTS@#Three of the patients remained alive while the other 5 (62.5%) died at 4－13 (mean 9) months after surgery. No significant complications were observed and myocutaneous flap repair showed good prognosis in 4 of the patients with largearea skin defect.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Surgery is comparatively a valuable option for the treatment of advanced penile cancer without distant metastasis, though with a poor prognosis, and the important factor affecting its prognosis is lymph node metastasis. Flap repair can solve the problem of largearea skin defect after surgery. However, evidence is not yet sufficient to prove the effectiveness of multimodality therapy of this malignancy.

Effects of different medications with tadalafil on erectile dysfunction in males with primary sexual failure / 中华男科学杂志

Objective@#To evaluate the effects of three different medications with tadalafil on erectile dysfunction (ED) in young men with primary sexual failure.@*METHODS@#This study included 76 male ED patients aged 21－35 years who had primary sexual failure but normal nocturnal penile tumescence and rigidity and failed to respond to psychotherapy. We randomly assigned them to receive oral tadalafil once daily, on demand, or once-daily + on-demand. After 2－3 months of treatment, we evaluated the effects based on the scores of the patients in the five domains of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5).@*RESULTS@#After medication, all the patients showed significantly increased scores in the four domains of IIEF-5, namely, erectile function, orgasmic function, intercourse satisfaction, and overall satisfaction. The on-demand group achieved even higher scores in erectile and orgasmic functions but a lower score in sexual desire than the once-daily group. However, the patients in the once-daily + on-demand group exhibited more significant improvement than those in the other two in all the five domains.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Once-daily + on-demand medication with tadalafil can significantly enhance the therapeutic effect on psychogenic ED in young men with primary sexual failure.

Repair and functional reconstruction of the penis (a report of 62 cases) / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of surgery treatment on serious penile lesions and malformation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty-two patients, aged from 19 to 63 years old (mean 35 ys), were included in the study. Among them, 4 patients suffered from penis partial defection were respectively treated with restoring defective penis, penis lengthening and urethroplasty; three patients with penis completely missing were treated with penis reconstruction surgery; 22 cases with serious penile curvature were treated with the 16-dot plication technique (Lue's procedure); 15 cases with penile fracture were treated with conservative treatment for 1 case and with patch penis, corpus spongiosum, and deep penile dorsal vein ligation for 14 cases; 5 cases with post-operative complications of 3-pieces of penile prosthesis, including the prosthesis perforating to the urethra, water pump failure, broken connection tube, erection angle < 60 degrees and failure to expansion the corpus cavernosum, were treated by taking out prostheses, urethral repair cracks, replacement of the prostheses, excision of fibrosis scar and re-implantation prostheses respectively. Four cases with penis complete amputation were treated with the penis replantation; three cases of avulsion injury were treated with the replantation and free flap skin; 6 with Paget's disease of penises were treated with the lesion free skin buried in the scrotum and penis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All these patients were followed up for 3 months to 4 years, with the average of 9 months. Among the 4 cases of penis partial defection, 2 patients were satisfied with the penile appearance and sexual function; 1 got some satisfactory and 1 was unsatisfied. Three cases with the loss of the penis completely were satisfied with both the postoperative appearance and urination, and 1 was not satisfied. Twenty-two cases of penile curvature deformities were corrected, and one case was recurrence. Fourteen of the 15 patients with penile fracture were followed, and all got the restoration of sexual function. Among them, 5 cases with post-operative complications, including mild bending, algopareunia, subcutaneous induration, poor hardness and poor sexual pleasure, were not further treated, and another case lost; Five cases with post-operative complications of three-pieces penile prosthesis were treated successfully, and 4 of their spouses were satisfied with their sexual function after operation, only 1 of their spouse not satisfied. Among four cases with complete amputation of penis, two cases of penis were replanted successfully while two necrosis. Three cases with avulsion were treated with skin grafting successfully. All 6 cases with penile Paget's disease were followed for 2 -4 years, and free skin grafts were all survival. One patient died of brain metastases 18 months after operation and five cases were disease-free survival.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The patients should be treated based on the procedure of andrological and urological surgery, together with microsurgical, flap or skin graft technique. The urologist should design personalized surgical procedure. Most of the patient's penis shape and erectile dysfunction can be reconstructed by our procedures, but some patients can not achieve the desired appearance or function of penis. New approaches of the treatment ought to be developed to restore both of the shape and function for those severe injury of the penis.</p>

Severe hypospadias repair: reconstructing penis, scrotum and urethra / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the surgical technic of re-shape penis and scrotum, as well as construct urethra in severe hypospadias patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-two cases of perineal hypospadias with abnormal penis and scrotum were involved in operative repair. All the patients underwent two-stage of repair technic. The penis sponge were completely stretched out and uprighted in the first-stage. Foreskin and partial penis back skin was transferred into the ventral of penis and scrotum crack. At second-stage, urethroplasty was performed using bladder mucosa folded into half tube that sutured with urothra plate to reconstruct the urothra. The scrotum were re-shaped using foreskin and skinflap.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The operation's successful rate was 68% (15/22). There were 7 cases (32%) suffered from urethrocutaneous fistula and recovered after repair. Five cases (23%) occurred stricture of urethra and were treated by urethra dilatation. The appearance of penis and scrotum in 22 cases were satisfied.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The operative methods should be made according to the type of hypospadias and of scrotum. The technic were effective on severe hypospadias with abnormal scrotum, even for the patients who need more than 10 cm urethra construct. The appearance of penis and scrotum were satisfied after following up.</p>

Pre- and post-prostatectomy variation and supplement of sexual hormones in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the variation of sexual hormones (T and fT) before and after prostatectomy and their post-operative supplement in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty-four cases of BPH were randomly divided into a treatment group (Group I, n = 25) and a control group (Group II, n = 39). Plasma LH, FSH, T and fT were measured by radioimmunoassay a week before and two weeks after prostatectomy. After operation, Group I received supplement of testosterone undecanoate, while Group II received none.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The variations of plasma LH, FSH, T and fT were not statistically significant in the two groups before prostatectomy (P > 0.05), but obviously less in Group I than in Group II after operation (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Testosterone supplement is a useful therapy for post-prostatectomy patients with androgen deficiency.</p>

Correlation of age and sex hormones to the transition zone volume of the prostate / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the correlation of age and sex hormones to the total volume (TV) and transition zone volume</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighty-two men were divided into two groups with the age of 60 as the dividing line. Prostatic TV (TZV and TZV were measured with transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) and the concentrations of total testosterone (T), free testosterone (fT) and estradiol (E2) were measured with radioimmunoassay. Exponential curve regression and one-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used for statistical analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Age was significantly correlated with TV, TZV and the TZV/TV ratio, P < 0.01. There was a significant positive correlation between the concentrations of fT and TZV, a negative correlation between those of E2 and TZV (P < 0.01), but no correlation between those of T and TZV (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The significant acceleration of the TZV of the prostate after the age of 60 is related to sex hormones.</p>