Effect of HIV-1 infection on apoptosis of CD4+ T lymphocytes mediated by Fas / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the pathogenic role of Fas/CD95 in HIV-1 infection subjects, and to investigate the effects of HIV on plasma levels of sFas and the expression of CD95 on different CD4(+) T lymphocyte subpopulations.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Four-color flow cytometry was used to determine the expression of CD95, CD45RO, CD45RA on CD4(+ )T lymphocyte in peripheral blood from HIV-1 infection subjects and serum Fas levels were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Compared with healthy controls, serum Fas levels were significantly increased (P<0.05) in HIV group and positively correlated with the disease progress. The expression of CD95 on naive T-lymphocyte subsets was increased whereas that on memory T-lymphocyte subsets was decreased.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Fas plays an important role in the deletion of CD4(+) T-lymphocyte during HIV-1 infection. Further understanding of the relationship between Fas/CD95 and CD45RO/CD45RA may help to predict the progression of the disease and the clinical outcome.</p>

Evaluation of serum interleukin-18 and interleukin-10 in patients with HIV-1 and hepatitis viruses co-infected subjects / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the significance of cytokines in patients with HIV and hepatitis viruses co-infection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Serum levels of IL-18 and IL-10 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). HIV-RNA levels were measured in EDTA plasma by quantitative reverse polymerase chain reaction (PCR). CD4(+) lymphocyte counts were determined by four-color Flow cytometry (FCM).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The levels of IL-18 were significantly higher in HIV-infected persons compared with those in controls (P<0.05). With HIV disease progression, IL-18 levels increased while Il-10 levels decreased. HCV patients showed lower levels of IL-18 and IL-10 than those of the co-infection group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Univariate analyses shows significant co-variables IL-10 in co-infection. Up-regulating IL-18 activity and/or down-regulating IL-10 may be a potential therapy to patients with HIV and hepatitis viruses co-infection.</p>

Expression of co-receptor on different T lymphocytes subpopulations after effective HAART / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To measure CCR5 and CXCR4 chemokine receptor expression on CD4 and CD8 T cells in HIV-1 infection and to relate levels to the distribution of CD45RO memory and CD45RA-naive subsets after effective HAART.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Four-color cytofluorometry with appropriate conjugated monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) was performed to define CD45RA and CD45RO subsets of CD4 and CD8 T cells and measure the expression of CCR5, CXCR4 in blood from 43 received HAART patients and 5 non-treated HIV and 13 healthy controls.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The levels of CCR5 and CXCR4 on CD4 and CD8 T cells and their CD45RO/CD45RA subsets in HIV-1-infected patients had not any statistical significance than that on control subjects and effective HAART could adjust the expression on T cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CXCR4/CCR5 plays an important role in the progress of HIV-1 infection. The most favorable condition for treatment should be initiated before stage B.</p>

Immune activation in AIDS related Kaposi's sarcoma / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the pathogenesis role of immune system activation in AIDS related Kaposi's sarcoma(AIDS-KS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The serum levels of sFas, beta 2-microglobin, IL-10, IL-16, IL-18, IL-6 and sIL-4R were detected by ELISA in 8 AIDS-KS patients, 28 patients with HIV infection but without Kaposi's sarcoma(HIV-NKS) and 16 normal controls. The lymphocyte and their subsets, CD38(+) CD8, HLA-DR(+)CD8 in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMCs) in 12 AIDS-KS and 32 HIV-NKS were detected by flow cytometer.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Beta 2-MG and sIL-4R in HIV-NKS were significantly higher than those in normal controls(P<0.05), IL-16 in HIV-NKS was significantly lower than that in controls(P<0.05). IL-18 was higher in both AIDS-KS and HIV-NKS compared with normal controls. In AIDS-KS, CD3, CD4, CD8, NK and HLA-DR(+)CD8 were lower than those in HIV-NKS whereas CD19 and CD38(+)CD8 were higher than those in HIV-NKS. But the difference was not statistically(P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Although both AIDS-KS and HIV-NKS demonstrate some activation of immune system, there appears to be no significant difference between immune responses in KS and NKS patients. These data suggest that the activation of the immune system is unlikely to contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of AIDS-KS.</p>

Drug resistance of HIV-infected patients after the failure of highly active antiretroviral treatment / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To find out the mechanism of drug resistance by detecting the mutations of HIV RNA in patients who failed in the anti-HIV therapy, to direct the clinical use of anti-HIV drugs and to complement the existing drug resistant database.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>HIV RNA and DNA were extracted from the plasma of 10 HIV-infected patients who developed drug resistance in the Clinic of AIDS, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany. Then HIV-RNA was amplified in the reverse transcriptase (RT) and protease regions by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). After purified, the PCR products was sequenced. The acquired sequences were compared with the international standard strain HXB2CG and the resistant database of Stanford University.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Some mutations were found to cause the corresponding resistance to certain drugs and were consistent with the clinical results. Some mutations existed in some patients, such as V179I in RT and K20T, K20I in protease, which hadn't been reported in the resistant database of Stanford University yet.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Patients who fail in HAART have different mutations in RT and protease regions. Mutations such as V179I in RT and K20T, K20I etc in protease may be related to drug resistance.</p>

Sequence detection of HBV-DNA P and C region in HIV/HBV superinfection subjects with drug resistance to HAART / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To further study the resistance of HBV to high activity antiretrovirus therapy(HAART).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>HBV-DNA was quantitatively detected by real-time PCR in 36 HIV/HBV superinfection subjects, C region and P region HBV-DNA in high copies HBV-DNA subjects were detected by routine PCR, PCR products were purified and sequenced and compared with the HBV international Genbank using BLSAT softy ware.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>HBV-DNA was positive in 4 of 36 patients (11.1%) and another 3 had low copies(<10(4)copies/ml), one had a high HBV-DNA copies (10(7)copies/ml). It's HBV-DNA C region sequence had mutation on 2 sites (nt 2412 T/C; nt 2413 T/C) and 1 mutation P region (nt 741 A/G, also YMDD/YVDD) compared with HBV international Genbak reference sequence.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The HBV resistance to HAART may be related with multiple genetic mutations in the C and P regain of HBV-DNA.</p>