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1.
Journal of Forensic Medicine ; (6): 466-469, 2015.
Article Dans Chinois | WPRIM | ID: wpr-984031

Résumé

Mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) is defined as a mild brain trauma resulting in a short loss of consciousness and alteration of mental status. It may also occasionally develop persistent and progressive symptoms. It has been confirmed that MTBI causes changes of anatomic structures in central nervous system and biomarkers in the body fluid. However, there is no sufficient research on relevance among threshold for the brain injury, individual vulnerability and duration of disturbance of consciousness. Furthermore, there are no reliable diagnostic methods to establish whether a blow to the head is sufficient to cause the brain injury. This review provides references for biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid and blood associated with TBI. It also provides application status and potential prospects for further assessment and diagnosis of MTBI.


Sujets)
Humains , Marqueurs biologiques/liquide cérébrospinal , Commotion de l'encéphale/complications , Lésions encéphaliques/étiologie , Évolution de la maladie
2.
Journal of Forensic Medicine ; (6): 256-268, 2012.
Article Dans Chinois | WPRIM | ID: wpr-983744

Résumé

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the applicability of magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) for diagnosis of pyramidal tract damage in rats.@*METHODS@#Marmarou's model was set up, followed by DTI scanning at 3, 12, 24 and 72 h post trauma to acquire the dispersion parameter of bilateral pyramidal tracts. Moreover, axonal varicosities per square millimeter and the percentage of positive area of axons demonstrated by beta-amyloid precursor protein (beta-APP) immunostaining were obtained, as well as the mean density and sum density of neurofilament (NF) 68 immunostaining.@*RESULTS@#Axial diffusivity (AD), fraction anisotropy (FA) and relative anisotropy (RA) in the pyramidal tract were significantly and continuously reduced and reached to the bottom at 72h post trauma (P < 0.05) in accord with the gradient of axonal damage verified by beta-APP and NF68 immunostaining. Furthermore, the changes of AD, FA and RA showed a significant negative correlation with the beta-APP immunohistochemical results.@*CONCLUSION@#DTI has important value for early diagnosis in pyramidal tract damage.


Sujets)
Animaux , Mâle , Rats , Précurseur de la protéine bêta-amyloïde/métabolisme , Anisotropie , Axones/anatomopathologie , Encéphale/anatomopathologie , Lésions encéphaliques/anatomopathologie , Imagerie par résonance magnétique de diffusion/méthodes , Modèles animaux de maladie humaine , Traitement d'image par ordinateur , Protéines neurofilamenteuses/métabolisme , Tractus pyramidaux/anatomopathologie , Rat Sprague-Dawley , Indice de gravité de la maladie , Facteurs temps
3.
Journal of Forensic Medicine ; (6): 286-294, 2011.
Article Dans Chinois | WPRIM | ID: wpr-983668

Résumé

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a highly complex multi-factorial disorder. Animal models of TBI are used to elucidate primary and secondary injury mechanisms and pathophysiological changes and to provide the diagnostic and therapeutical basis for TBI. The choices of animal models depend upon the research objectives. However, various animal models have limitations. The models only can duplicate the pivotal injury mechanisms or a certain important pathophysiological course. The characteristics of human TBI can not fully be reflected by using these models. In the review, animal models of traumatic brain injury are classified as dynamic direct brain injury, indirect dynamic brain injury and combined neuro-traumatic models. Several common models are described for consideration.


Sujets)
Animaux , Humains , Souris , Rats , Phénomènes biomécaniques , Encéphale/physiopathologie , Lésions encéphaliques/physiopathologie , Lésion axonale diffuse/physiopathologie , Modèles animaux de maladie humaine , Médecine légale , Traumatismes crâniens fermés/physiopathologie , Traumatismes pénétrants de la tête/physiopathologie , Reproductibilité des résultats
4.
Journal of Forensic Medicine ; (6): 421-424, 2010.
Article Dans Chinois | WPRIM | ID: wpr-983604

Résumé

OBJECTIVE@#To provide objective proof on diagnosis of electrical current mark in electrocution, the environmental scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray microanalyser (ESEM-EDX) were adopted to study the microscopic morphological characteristics and elemental composition of electrical current mark.@*METHODS@#Morphological characteristics of electrical current marks, the elemental composition and morphology of metal particles were studied with ESEM-EDX.@*RESULTS@#The electroporation and metal melted beads could be found in the electrical current marks and skin around them. The metal melted beads mainly composed of common metal such as iron, copper, aluminum and some uncommon metal including gold, titanium and barium.@*CONCLUSION@#ESEM-EDX can be applied in forensic diagnosis of electrocution.


Sujets)
Humains , Autopsie , Électrotraumatisme/anatomopathologie , Microanalyse par sonde électronique/méthodes , Médecine légale/méthodes , Métaux lourds/analyse , Microscopie électronique à balayage/méthodes , Peau/anatomopathologie , Oligoéléments/analyse , Rayons X
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