Mechanism of Wen Shen Xuan Bi Tang in treatment of osteoporosis based on network pharmacology and animal experimental verification / 中国药理学通报

Aim To predict and validate the mechanism of wenshen xuanbi tang(WSXBT) in treatment of osteoporosis (OP) based on network pharmacology, molecular docking techniques and in vivo experimental techniques. Methods Network pharmacology was used to screen the key ingredients and core targets of WSXBT for the treatment of osteoporosis. Metascape database was used for gene ontology (GO) biological process enrichment analysis and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) signaling pathway enrichment analysis of core targets. AutoDockTools 1. 5. 7 software was applied in molecular docking to simulate the binding activity of key active ingredients to core targets. To study the efficacy of WSXBT on rats with osteoporosis and to verify the related targets and pathways, rat models of osteoporosis were established by excising the bilateral ovaries of rats. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the serum OPG, PINP and RANKL content. Biomechanical tester was applied to test the biomechanics of rat femurs. Micro-CT was applied to detect the femoral bone density. Then, Western blot was employed to measure the protein expression levels of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (Akt). Results A total of 156 active ingredients of WSXBT were screened, involving 229 potential targets, 23 core targets and 145 signaling pathways. The molecular docking results showed that five key ingredients, including quercetin, kaempferol, naringenin, isobavachin and licochalcone a, possessed good binding ability to the core targets of PIK3R1 and AKT1. The results of in vivo experiments showed that WSXBT could significantly increase bone density, improve bone tissue microstructure, enhance femur biomechanics and increase PINP expression and OPG/RANKL ratio in rats with osteoporosis. Results of WB showed that WSXBT significantly increased p-PI3K/PI3K and p-Akt/Akt ratios. Conclusions WSXBT could improve bone mineral density in postmenopausal osteoporotic rats through PI3K/ Akt signaling pathway and increasing OPG/RANKL ratio.

Identification, expression and protein interaction analysis of Aux/IAA and ARF gene family in Senna tora L / 药学学报

The early response of plant auxin gene family Aux/IAA (auxin/indole-3-acetic acid) and its interaction with auxin response factor (ARF) are important pattern to regulate plant growth and development. This work identified 28 StoIAA and 24 StoARF members based on the whole genome data of the medicinal plant Senna tora L., which were classified into 10 and 8 subfamilies, respectively. Phylogenetic tree and collinearity analysis showed that S. tora has close evolutionary relationship with the IAA and ARF homologous genes of Glycine max, Medicago truncatula, and the segment duplication events dominate the expansion of StoIAA and StoARF. Gene structure analysis showed that the vast majority of StoIAA and StoARF contain characteristic conserved domain. Transcriptome data showed that StoIAAs and StoARFs were expressed in leaves, roots and seeds, some members had tissue specific expression. The StoIAA and StoARF promoter region most contain functional elements related to stress response, growth and development, hormone induction and secondary metabolism. In addition, gene expression analysis showed that many StoIAAs and StoARFs can quickly respond to drought and salt stress and exhibited same expression patterns under both stress condition. The yeast two-hybrid experiment confirmed that StoARF8 and StoARF10 exhibit varying degrees of interaction with multiple StoIAA proteins, respectively. The above results provide a basis for further biological functional analysis of the Aux/IAA and ARF gene family of S. tora.

Hemostasis Using Prothrombin Complex Concentrate in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

ABSTRACT Objective: The purpose of present study was to comprehensively explore the efficacy and safety of prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) to treat massive bleeding in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Methods: PubMed®, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for studies investigating PCC administration during cardiac surgery published before September 10, 2022. Mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was applied to analyze continuous data, and dichotomous data were analyzed as risk ratio (RR) with 95% CI. Results: Twelve studies were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with other non-PCC treatment regimens, PCC was not associated with elevated mortality (RR=1.18, 95% CI=0.86-1.60, P=0.30, I2=0%), shorter hospital stay (MD=-2.17 days; 95% CI=-5.62-1.28, P=0.22, I2=91%), reduced total thoracic drainage (MD=-67.94 ml, 95% CI=-239.52-103.65, P=0.44, I2=91%), thromboembolic events (RR=1.10, 95% CI=0.74-1.65, P=0.63, I2=39%), increase in atrial fibrillation events (RR=0.73, 95% CI=0.52-1.05, P=0.24, I2=29%), and myocardial infarction (RR=1.10, 95% CI=0.80-1.51, P=0.57, I2=81%). However, PCC use was associated with reduced intensive care unit length of stay (MD=-0.81 days, 95% CI=-1.48- -0.13, P=0.02, I2=0%), bleeding (MD=-248.67 ml, 95% CI=-465.36- -31.97, P=0.02, I2=84%), and intra-aortic balloon pump/extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (RR=0.65, 95% CI=0.42-0.996, P=0.05, I2=0%) when compared with non-PCC treatment regimens. Conclusion: The use of PCC in cardiac surgery did not correlate with mortality, length of hospital stay, thoracic drainage, atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarction, and thromboembolic events. However, PCC significantly improved postoperative intensive care unit length of stay, bleeding, and intra-aortic balloon pump/ extracorporeal membrane oxygenation outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

Genome-wide identification of GSK gene family in Senna tora L. and expression analyses / 药学学报

Glycogen synthase kinase 3/SHAGGY-like kinase (GSK3) proteins play important roles in regulating plant growth, development, and stress response. In order to reveal the characteristics of GSK family members in the medicinal plant Senna tora L., in this study, we conducted the identification and expression analyses of GSKs in S. tora based on its whole genome data, combined with bioinformatics and gene expression research methods. The results showed that a total of nine S. tora GSK genes were identified, all of which contained the GSK characteristic kinase domains. All members were distributed on six chromosomes, the encoding amino acid length ranged from 465 to 943 aa, the protein molecular weight was from 33.57 to 88.83 kDa, and the average isoelectric point was 8.2. The StoSKs were divided into four evolutionary branches, and the StoSKs in the same evolutionary branch shared the same exon/intron structure and conserved motifs. The expansion of the StoSKs gene family was mainly due to segment duplication events, and there were 17, 11, 8 and 7 pairs of collinear genes with Glycine max, Medicago truncatula, Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa, respectively. The promoter regions of StoSKs mostly contained responses elements related to stress stimulation, growth and development, and hormone induction. Transcriptome data analysis showed that StoSKs were expressed in different tissues, with the highest expression level in roots. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis indicated that StoSKs in different evolutionary branches displayed a synergistic expression pattern response to light, and most of StoSKs could rapidly respond to NaCl stress with significantly up-regulated expression. All the results provide a basis for further analysis of the biological functions of the GSKs gene family in S. tora.

Research progress on the burden of respiratory syncytial virus infection in the elderly / 中华预防医学杂志

Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (HRSV) is a serious threat to the population health. The elderly are one of the susceptible populations. The prevalence of HRSV in the elderly is generally higher than that in other age groups except children, which has gradually attracted attention in recent years. This paper reviewed the prevalence, common complications and major complications of HRSV in the elderly, briefly expounded the economic burden of HRSV infection, and proposed that attention should be paid to the disease burden of the elderly after HRSV infection, timely treat common complications, so as to reduce the occurrence of adverse survival outcomes and provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of HRSV infection in the elderly.

Clinical research progress of human respiratory syncytial virus vaccine / 中华预防医学杂志

Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is one of the main pathogen causing severe acute lower respiratory tract infections in infants and the elderly, with high incidence rate and mortality worldwide. Vaccine is one of the important measure to prevent infection, transmission and severe disease of HRSV, but currently there is no officially approved preventive vaccine for prevention of HRSV in the world. This paper reviews and analyzes the current research and development progress of HRSV vaccine, summarizes the design routes of different types of HRSV preventive vaccines, and discusses the difficulties and challenges in vaccine research and development, in order to provide reference for the research and development of HRSV vaccine and the development of clinical trials.

Consideration on the usage of full-dose influenza vaccine for the infants aged 6-35 months old / 中华预防医学杂志

Seasonal influenza has a high disease burden, and children infected with influenza are prone to multiple complications. Influenza vaccination is effective in preventing infection and reducing risks of severe diseases and complications. Influenza vaccines are trivalent and quadrivalent, depending on the components of the vaccine. According to the hemagglutinin content, it can be divided into full dose and half dose of influenza vaccine for children. The findings from clinical trials and real-world studies suggested, the full-dose influenza vaccine as in adults has the same safety profile and higher immunogenicity in children aged 6 to 35 months. The application of full-dose influenza vaccine in children aged 6 to 35 months can greatly improve the flexibility and convenience of vaccination, and help reduce the workload in the process.

Establishing adult vaccination system to improve the quality of immunization services over the life course / 中华预防医学杂志

The scientific setting and standardized management of adult vaccination clinics will improve the accessibility of vaccination services, thereby increasing the vaccination rate. Currently, some provinces and cities in China have been exploring the construction of adult vaccination systems for many years, effectively improving the level of vaccination services, and forming some useful experiences and models. However, the construction of China's adult vaccination system is not yet perfect, and the service mode needs to be optimized. In the future, we should continue to improve the guarantee measures for adult vaccination, scientifically lay out the network, optimize the service mode, and improve the overall quality of immunization services over the life course.

Evaluation of macular function changes in glaucoma using MAIA microperimetry / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To observe the characteristics of microperimetry in patients with glaucoma, and investigate the correlation between microperimetry and best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), standard automatic perimetry and optical coherence tomography(OCT)index.METHODS: This case-control study included 45 patients(76 eyes)with glaucoma(glaucoma group), among which 15 patients(25 eyes)with primary open-angle glaucoma and 30 patients(51 eyes)with chronic angle-closure glaucoma, and 40 healthy individuals(76 eyes)were included in the control group. MAIA microperimetry, Humphrey perimetry, and BCVA tests were performed in all examined eyes. Correlation analysis was performed using the structural indices measured by OCT.RESULTS: The mean sensitivity(MS)in macular area measured by microperimetry and the ganglion cell complex(GCC)and retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)thickness measured by OCT were decreased in glaucoma patients when compared to the control group. Additionally, the mean defect(MD)measured by Humphrey perimetry(10-2 visual field test), focal loss volume(FLV), global loss volume(GLV)measured by OCT, and 63% bivariate contour ellipse area(BCEA )measured by MAIA microperimetry were higher than those of the control group. The MS was negatively correlated with MD, FLV, GLV and BCVA(LogMAR)in the glaucoma group(rs=-0.839, -0.665, -0.530, and -0.424, all P<0.01). In contrast, MS was positively correlated with GCC and RNFL in the glaucoma group(rs=0.437, 0.500, all P<0.01). MAIA microperimetry had a shorter detection time. Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis showed that MAIA microperimetry had moderate accuracy for the diagnosis of glaucoma.CONCLUSIONS: MAIA microperimetry has high sensitivity and can detect retinal sensitivity reduction in areas of structural damage tested by OCT. The microperimetry values were correlated with BCVA, standard automatic perimetry parameters, and OCT parameters. MAIA microperimetry combined with OCT will increase the early diagnosis rate of glaucoma.

Thinking about development of multi-channel surveillance and multi-dimensional early warning system of emerging respiratory communicable diseases / 中华流行病学杂志

The world has paid a heavy price for the pandemic of the emerging respiratory communicable disease, so more concern about communicable disease surveillance and early warning has been aroused. This paper briefly reviews the establishment of the surveillance and early warning system of respiratory communicable diseases in China, discusses its future development and introduces the novel surveillance methods and early warning models for the purpose of establishment of a multi-channel surveillance and multi-dimensional early warning system of communicable diseases in the future and the improvement of the prevention and control of emerging respiratory communicable diseases in China.

Research progress on the effectiveness of smallpox vaccination against mpox virus infection / 中华流行病学杂志

With the expansion of mpox virus infection from endemic to a global epidemic in 2022, the WHO declared that the mpox event constituted a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. Due to the high degree of gene sequence similarity among orthopox viruses and cross-reactive antibodies induced by orthoviruses, smallpox vaccination may affect the immune response induced by mpox virus infection. The analysis of the protective effects of smallpox vaccination against mpox virus infection will help define the focus of prevention and control. In this review, we clarify the protection of the smallpox vaccine against mpox virus infection by analyzing the correlation between smallpox vaccination, immune response status, and clinical data and providing evidence for the prevention, control, and strategies of mpox epidemics.

Progress in research of long-term protective efficacy of human papillomavirus vaccine / 中华流行病学杂志

The efficacy of HPV vaccine in preventing cervical cancer has been demonstrated in numerous clinical trials and clinical uses. The follow-up after clinical trials usually last for 5-6 years to evaluate the long-term efficacy, and a series of long-term follow-up studies have been conducted in some regions. The literature retrieval of HPV vaccine long term efficiency research both at home and abroad indicated that the protective efficacy of the vaccine against vaccine-type-related cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 and above is higher than 90%.

Research and reflection on the diversified method system of multi-stages and multi-scenarios surveillance and early warning of infectious diseases / 中华预防医学杂志

With the outbreak of infectious diseases, more and more attention has been paid to surveillance and early warning work. Timely and accurate monitoring data is the basis of infectious diseases prevention and control. Effective early warning methods for infectious diseases can improve the timeliness and sensitivity of early warning work. This paper briefly introduces the intelligent early warning model of infectious diseases, summarizes the emerging surveillance and early warning methods of infectious diseases, and seeks the possibility of diversified surveillance and early warning in different epidemic stages and different outbreak scenarios of infectious diseases. This paper puts forward the idea of constructing a diversified method system of infectious diseases surveillance and early warning based on multi-stages and multi-scenarios and discusses the future development trend of infectious diseases surveillance and early warning, in order to provide reference for improving the construction level of infectious diseases surveillance and early warning system in China.

Establishing adult vaccination system to improve the quality of immunization services over the life course / 中华预防医学杂志

The scientific setting and standardized management of adult vaccination clinics will improve the accessibility of vaccination services, thereby increasing the vaccination rate. Currently, some provinces and cities in China have been exploring the construction of adult vaccination systems for many years, effectively improving the level of vaccination services, and forming some useful experiences and models. However, the construction of China's adult vaccination system is not yet perfect, and the service mode needs to be optimized. In the future, we should continue to improve the guarantee measures for adult vaccination, scientifically lay out the network, optimize the service mode, and improve the overall quality of immunization services over the life course.

Research and reflection on the diversified method system of multi-stages and multi-scenarios surveillance and early warning of infectious diseases / 中华预防医学杂志

With the outbreak of infectious diseases, more and more attention has been paid to surveillance and early warning work. Timely and accurate monitoring data is the basis of infectious diseases prevention and control. Effective early warning methods for infectious diseases can improve the timeliness and sensitivity of early warning work. This paper briefly introduces the intelligent early warning model of infectious diseases, summarizes the emerging surveillance and early warning methods of infectious diseases, and seeks the possibility of diversified surveillance and early warning in different epidemic stages and different outbreak scenarios of infectious diseases. This paper puts forward the idea of constructing a diversified method system of infectious diseases surveillance and early warning based on multi-stages and multi-scenarios and discusses the future development trend of infectious diseases surveillance and early warning, in order to provide reference for improving the construction level of infectious diseases surveillance and early warning system in China.

Research on Anti-inflammatory Targets and Mechanisms of alkaloids in Picrasma quassioides Benn Through Network Pharmacology

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism of Picrasma quassioides Benn against inflammation by means of network pharmacology. The paper will provide a reference for multi-target and multi-channel treatment of inflammation with traditional Chinese medicine. Through screening and analysis, 11 active ingredients and 109 anti-inflammation prediction targets were obtained and constructed a compound-target network. The targets such as VEGFA, TLR4 and STAT3 may play a crucial role. Network enrichment analysis showed that the 109 potential targets constitute a number of pathways or inflammatory reactions closely related to inflammation, including NF-κB signaling pathway and MAPK signaling pathway. The docking results indicated that the binding energy of Picrasidine Y and the inflammatory factors VEGFA is the highest. This study predicted the role of multiple active compounds in the alkaloids of Picrasma in the inflammatory response, and provided a theoretical basis for the anti-inflammatory mechanism of Picrasma

Progress in research of safety, efficiency and vaccination status of influenza vaccine in populations at high risk / 中华流行病学杂志

This paper reviews the domestic and foreign studies published in 2020 on the application of influenza vaccine in populations at high risk. The importance of influenza vaccination in population at high risk has been proved by larger sample, multicentre, high-quality evidence-based studies. Influenza vaccination is the most cost-effective measure to prevent influenza. However, the coverage rate of influenza vaccine is very low in China, it is necessary to strengthen the health education to promote influenza vaccination in different populations. It is recommended to give influenza vaccination to the population in whom influenza vaccination has been proven safe and effective before influenza season. Research of the safety, efficiency and cost-effectiveness of influenza vaccine should be accelerated for the populations in whom such data are lacking or insufficient.

Consideration on implementation of co-administration of Seasonal Influenza and COVID-19 vaccines during pandemic in China / 中华预防医学杂志

Influenza is an infectious respiratory disease caused by the influenza viruses. Older people, infants and people with underlying medical conditions could have a higher risk of severe influenza symptoms and complications. The co-infection of Coronavirus Diseases 2019 (COVID-19) with influenza viruses could lead to the complication of prevention, diagnosis, control, treatment, and recovery of COVID-19. Influenza vaccine and COVID-19 vaccine overlapped in target populations, vaccination time, and inoculation units. Although there was insufficient evidence on the immunogenicity and safety of co-administration of influenza vaccine and COVID-19 vaccine, World Health Organization and some countries recommended co-administration of inactivated influenza vaccine and COVID-19 vaccine. This review summarized domestic and international vaccination policies and research progress, and put forward corresponding suggestions in order to provide scientific support for the formulation of vaccination strategy on seasonal influenza vaccine and COVID-19 vaccine.

Cloning, expression and activity analysis of cutinase from Sclerotinia sclerotiorum / 生物工程学报

Cutinase can degrade aliphatic and aromatic polyesters, as well as polyethylene terephthalate. Lack of commercially available cutinase calls for development of cost-effective production of efficient cutinase. In this study, eight cutinase genes were cloned from Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The most active gene SsCut-52 was obtained by PCR combined with RT-PCR, expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 and purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography to study its characteristics and pathogenicity. Sscut-52 had a total length of 768 bp and 17 signal peptides at the N terminals. Phylogenetic analysis showed that its amino acid sequence had the highest homology with Botrytis keratinase cutinase and was closely related to Rutstroemia cutinase. Sscut-52 was highly expressed during the process of infecting plants by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Moreover, the expression level of Sscut-52 was higher than those of other cutinase genes in the process of sclerotia formation from mycelium. The heterologously expressed cutinase existed in the form of inclusion body. The renatured SsCut-52 was active at pH 4.0-10.0, and mostly active at pH 6.0, with a specific activity of 3.45 U/mg achieved. The optimum temperature of SsCut-52 was 20-30 ℃, and less than 60% of the activity could be retained at temperatures higher than 50 ℃. Plant leaf infection showed that SsCut-52 may promote the infection of Banlangen leaves by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.

The social anxiety of school-age children left behind in rural areas / 预防医学

Methods@#A cluster random sampling method was used to select left-behind students in Grade 3 to 6 in 5 primary schools in the southern rural area of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. Their general information were collected, their social anxiety and loneliness were evaluated by the Child Social Anxiety Scale ( SASC ) and Children's Loneliness Scale ( CLS ). The multivariate linear regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors for the social anxiety of left-behind children.