Diagnosis and treatment of 26 cases of adenovirus infection after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics and prognosis of adenovirus infection after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Methods: A total of 26 patients with adenovirus infection admitted to the posttransplant ward of the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from 2018 to 2022 were enrolled. Their data on baseline and clinical characteristics, treatment, and follow-up were analyzed. Results: The median patient age was 30 (22, 44) years. Twenty-two patients received related haploid stem cell transplantation, three received unrelated stem cell transplantation, and one received umbilical cord stem cell transplantation. Antithymocyte globulin was included in the conditioning regimen in 25 patients. The median time of adenovirus infection was +95 (+44, +152) days. The median peripheral blood lymphocyte count was 0.30 (0.11, 0.69) × 10(9)/L. Twelve patients had acute graft-versus-host disease. Twenty-four patients received antirejection therapies at diagnosis. Sixteen cases had combined infection with other pathogens with adenovirus infection. Eight cases were diagnosed as asymptomatic infection, and 18 were diagnosed as adenovirus disease, including pneumonia (38.89% ) , gastrointestinal disease (38.89% ) , encephalitis (33.33% ) , hepatitis (5.56% ) , and urinary tract inflammation (5.56% ) . The age of >30 years was a risk factor for adenovirus disease (P=0.03) . Eighteen patients received tapering of immunosuppression, and all 26 patients received at least one antiviral drug. Other treatments included high-dose gamma globulin and donor lymphocyte infusion. Adenovirus infection improved in 10 cases and progressed in 16 cases. The median follow-up time was 30 (7, 237) days. Twenty-two patients died. The all-cause mortality rate was (88.5±7.1) % , and the attributable mortality rate was 45.5% . There was no significant difference in the 100 d survival rate between asymptomatic infected patients and patients diagnosed with adenovirus disease (37.5% vs 22.2% , HR=1.83, 95% CI 0.66-5.04, P=0.24) . Conclusion: The age of >30 years was a risk factor for adenovirus disease. Mortality was high in patients with adenovirus infection after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Effects of adenovirus mixed infection on children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia complicated with pleural effusion / 中国小儿急救医学

Objective:To summarize the clinical characteristics of children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(MPP) complicated with pleural effusion, and explore the effect of mixed adenovirus infection on children with MPP complicated with pleural effusion.Methods:The clinical data of children with MPP complicated with pleural effusion diagnosed in Children′s Medical Center at the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People′s Hospital) from January 2013 to December 2019 were collected.MPP cases were divided into single infection group and mixed infection group according to whether mixing adenovirus infection.The clinical characteristics were compared between two groups.Results:A total of 180 children with MPP complicated with pleural effusion were included, the male to female ratio was 1.22∶1 (99/81), the age was 66.13 (44.35, 83.98) months, and the most common cases were children over 5 years old (55.56%). The length of hospitalization was 9.00 (7.00, 12.00) days.Fever (93.33%) and cough (98.33%) were the most common clinical manifestations, and mild increases in C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and D-dimer were the most common laboratory results.Among included children, right pleural effusion was the most common (54.44%), bilateral pleural effusion accounted for 26.67%, and left pleural effusion accounted for 18.89%.Compared with single infection group, the mixed infection group had a longer hospital stay, a higher proportion of oxygen intake, a higher proportion of gamma globulin use, and a higher value of lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase.The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that compared with single infection group, although the mixed infection group had a higher proportion of gamma globulin use (36.54% vs.10.93%, P<0.05), the length of hospital stay, clinical manifestations, laboratory examination, chest CT and fiberoptic bronchoscopy showed no statistically significant difference between two groups. Conclusion:MPP complicated with pleural effusion is more common in children over 5 years old, especially in the right side.Mild increases of C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and D-dimer are more common.The clinical features of MPP complicated with pleural effusion are similar between mixed adenovirus infection group and single infection group.

Clinical features of / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the clinical features of @*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data of 228 children with MPP alone and 28 children with MPP and ADV infection. The two groups were compared in terms of clinical features, laboratory results, and treatment outcome.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the MPP group, the MPP+ADV group had significantly longer duration of fever and length of hospital stay, a significantly higher proportion of patients with severe lesions (erosion and exfoliation) of the airway mucosa under bronchoscopy, a significantly higher clinical pulmonary infection score, and a significantly higher proportion of patients requiring oxygen therapy (@*CONCLUSIONS@#Compared with children with MPP alone, children with MPP and ADV infection tend to have more severe clinical manifestations and airway mucosal lesions and are more likely to require oxygen therapy, but most of the laboratory markers lack specificity.

Interpretación de biomarcadores en pacientes pediátricos con infección por Adenovirus / Interpretation of biomarkers in pediatric patients with Adenovirus infection

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar el uso de los biomarcadores proteína C reactiva (PCR) y procalcitonina (PCT) para la valoración de severidad clínica en pacientes pediá-tricos diagnosticados con infección por adenovirus. Método: Se estudiaron 100 pacientes mayores de 28 días y menores a 15 años con diagnóstico confir-mado de infección por adenovirus, en el Hospital Vozandes Quito, Hospital Metropolitano y Hospital de los Valles en el periodo enero 2010 a mayo 2019, se recolectó información demográfica y clínica de forma retrospectiva. las características clínicas y biomarcadores se compararon de acuerdo a la severidad de la patología respiratoria presentada, cuya clasificación por requerimientos terapéuticos la definió como leve, moderada y grave. Resultados: El 89% de los pacientes presentó severidad clínica leve, el 11% moderada y ninguno fue clasificado como severa. El 35% de los pacientes presentaron coinfección con al menos un virus adicional, estos presentaron severidad clínica moderada en el 63,3%. Los valores promedio de PCR fueron 61,3 ± 54,06 mg/L y PCT 0,65 ± 0,8ng/mL. Entre los pacientes con severidad clínica leve y moderada vemos que PCR y PCT fueron superiores en pacientes con severidad clínica leve 66,07±55,09 mg/L vs 22,71±19,60 mg/L, p=0,003 y 0,70±0,83 ng/mL vs 0,23±0,26 ng/mL, p=0.005 respectivamente. Al momento de predecir la severidad clínica de los pacientes pediátricos diagnosticados con adenovirus el área bajo la curva encontrada en estos dos parámetros fue 0,241 y 0,224 para PCT y PCR respectivamente, con valores de sensibilidad y especificidad bajo el 50%. Conclusión: Los biomarcadores PCT y PCR presentan limitada utilidad al momento de predecir la severidad clínica de los pacientes pediátricos diagnosticados con infección por adenovirus.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the use of C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) biomarkers for the assessment of clinical severity in pediatric patients diag-nosed with adenovirus infection. Method: 100 patients older than 28 days and younger than 15 years with a confirmed diagnosis of adenovirus infection were studied at the Hospital Vozandes Quito, Hospital Metropolitano and Hospital de los Valles in the period January 2010 to May 2019, demographic information was collected and retrospectively. the clinical characteristics and biomarkers were compared according to the severity of the respiratory pathology presented, whose classification by therapeutic requirements defined it as mild, moderate and severe. Results: 89% of the patients presented mild clinical severity, 11% moderate and none were classified as severe. 35% of the patients presented coinfection with at least one additional virus, these presented moderate clinical severity in 63.3%. Mean CRP values were 61.3 ± 54.06 mg / L and PCT 0.65 ± 0.8ng / mL. Among patients with mild and moderate clinical severity, we see that CRP and PCT were higher in patients with mild clinical severity 66.07 ± 55.09 mg / L vs 22.71 ± 19.60 mg / L, p = 0.003 and 0, 70 ± 0.83 ng / mL vs 0.23 ± 0.26 ng / mL, p = 0.005 respectively. When predicting the clinical severity of pediatric patients diagnosed with adenovirus, the area under the curve found in these two parameters was 0.241 and 0.224 for PCT and CRP, respectively, with sensitivity and specificity values below 50%. Conclusion: PCT and CRP biomarkers have limited usefulness when predicting the clinical severity of pediatric patients diagnosed with adenovirus infection

Severe adenovirus infection damage to the blood system / 中国小儿急救医学

Severe adenovirus pneumonia and disseminated adenovirus infection can cause damage to the blood system.Those damages included coagulopathy, hemolytic phagocytosis, acquired hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, leukocyte abnormalities.All of the above injuries are related to the uncontrolled immune inflammatory response to adenovirus infection.Direct injury caused by adenovirus infection and immune inflammation are the main injury mechanisms.

Severe adenovirus infection damage to the blood system / 中国小儿急救医学

Severe adenovirus pneumonia and disseminated adenovirus infection can cause damage to the blood system. Those damages included coagulopathy,hemolytic phagocytosis,acquired hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis,leukocyte abnormalities. All of the above injuries are related to the uncontrolled immune inflammatory response to adenovirus infection. Direct injury caused by adenovirus infection and immune in﹣flammation are the main injury mechanisms.

Infección por adenovirus en el Hospital de niños Roberto del Río 2016 / Adenovirus infection at the Roberto del Río children's Hospital 2016

En los meses de invierno, las enfermedades respiratorias representan la primera causa de hospitalización en hospitales pediátricos. La mayoría de estas enfermedades son causadas por virus, dentro de los cuales se encuentra el adenovirus (AdV), el cual puede generar infecciones diseminadas graves, secuelantes e incluso letales y se caracteriza por tener una rápida transmisión entre pacientes, generando brotes intrahospitalarios. Se identificó a 54 pacientes hospitalizados con infección por adenovirus en el periodo de marzo-julio del 2016 con una edad promedio de 18,3 meses, de los cuales 23 casos fueron infecciones asociadas a la atención de salud (IIAS) y 2 tuvieron desenlace fatal. Los casos de IIAS, se asociaron a una mayor tasa de hospitalización prolongada (p= <0.01), ingreso a UPC (p= <0.01) y uso de ventilación mecánica (p= <0.01). No se encontró asociación entre la presencia de antecedentes mórbidos con el desarrollo de IIAS. Las IIAS por adenovirus se asocia a una hospitalización prolongada, ingreso de unidades de alta complejidad y necesidad de uso de ventilación mecánica. Dado que el adenovirus se transmite a través de contactos directo, aerosoles y fómites, las medidas básicas de precaución de contacto y de aislamiento permiten reducir los contagios nosocomiales, recayendo la responsabilidad en todo el equipo de salud a cargo.

Respiratorio deseases are frequent in winter times. being the main cause of hospital admissions. Viral infecciones are the main etiology, and adenovirus infección clould lead to severe disease, with cross infections. We identified 54 patients admitted to the Roberto del Río Childrens hospital in 2016, with a mean age of 18,3 months old; 23 cases where nosocomial infection, and 2 were fatal. Hospital acquired adenovirus infection were associated to long hospital stay (p= <0.01), intensive care admission (p= <0.01) and ventilatory support (p= <0.01). We did not find previous illness conditions. Adenovirus hospital acquired infection is associated with longer hospital stay and dead. Adenovirus is transmitted with direct contact, aerosols and fomites, therefore basic contact precautions are important.

Inhibiting effect of menin protein on the growth of human gastric cancer cell line AGS through PI3K/Akt signal transduction pathway / 肿瘤

Objective: To investigate the effect of menin protein encoded by the multiple endocrine neoplasia type I (MEN 1) gene on proliferation of human gastric cancer AGS cells and its possible machanism. Methods: An adenovirus encoding MEN 1 gene was used to infect human gastric cancer AGS cells. The expression level of menin protein in AGS cells infected with recombinant adenovirus Ad-MEN1 was detected by Western blotting and immunofluorescence. The proliferation of AGS cells was tested by MTT method. The cell cycle distribution and apoptosis of AGS cells were analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM). The expressions of phospho-Akt (p-Akt) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) which were related to phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (PKB) signal pathway were detected by Western blotting. Results: The results of Western blotting and immunofluorescence showed that the expression of menin protein in gastric cancer cell line AGS was increased after Ad-MEN1 infection (P 0.05). The expressions of p-Akt and NF-κB p65 in AGS cells were decreased after the expression of menin in AGS cells was increased (P < 0.05). Conclusion: This study reveals that over-expression of menin can inhibit the growth of human gastric cancer cell line AGS. This machanism may be related to the inhibition of PI3K/Akt and NF-κB signal transduction pathways.

The effect of combination of β-catenin and bone morphogenetic protein 9 on osteogenic differentiation of osteosarcoma cell line TE85 / 肿瘤

Objective: To investigate the effect of β-catenin and bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP-9) on osteogenic differentiation of osteosarcoma TE85 cells. Methods: The TE85 cells were infected by recombinant adenovirus Adβ-catenin and AdBMP9 alone or in combination. The expression levels of β-catenin and BMP9 mRNAs in TE85 cells were detected by semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The relative β-catenin/TCF4 activity was detected by Luciferase Reported System. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and numeration were used to detect the early osteogenic potential of TE85 cells, and the alizarin red staining was performed to detect the late osteogenic potential. The expression levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG), osteocalcin (OC) and osteopontin (OPN) mRNAs were detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR, and the expression levels of OC and OPN proteins were detected by Western blotting. Results: The exogenous mRNAs of β-catenin and BMP9 in TE85 cells were increased by adenovirus-mediated Adβ-catenin and AdBMP9 (both P < 0.05), and the relative β-catenin/TCF4 activity was increased after infection with Adβ-catenin (P < 0.05). Adβ-catenin or AdBMP9 infection could enhance the activity of ALP in a limited range in TE85 cells (P < 0.05), but they could not promote the mRNA and protein expressions of late osteogenic biomarkers OPN and OC as well as the calcium deposition. However, both early and late potential osteogenic abilities were enhanced obviously after infection with combination of Adβ-catenin and AdBMP9 (all P < 0.05). Conclusion: Osteogenic differentiation can be limitedly induced by β-catenin and BMP9 alone in TE85 cells, but this differentiation ability can be remarkably enhanced by combination of β-catenin and BMP9 with a synergistic effect.

Application of heteroduplex mobility assay in quick identification of adenovirus subtypes in epidemic keratoconjunctivitis / 中华实验眼科杂志

Background The commonly used method of typing the adenovirus (AdV) for epidemic keratoconjunctivitis is direct DNA sequence.However,heteroduplex mobility assay (HMA) is found to be a faster method to identify the subtypes of adenovirus and is more conforming to the principle of cost and economic benefit.There are few studies to illustrate the application of HMA in epidemic keratoconjunctivitis.Objective This study analyzed the conserved region of hexon coding sequence and compared the outcomes between direct DNA sequence and HMA for classification of adenovirus in epidemic keratoconjunctivitis patients.The validity of HMA is evaluated by comparing the result of both studies Methods Two hundreds and fourteen patients with suspicious epidemic keratoconjunctivitis were included in Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center or the clinical sites supervised by the Shanghai Prevention and Monitoring Office of Acute Hemerragic Conjunctivitis from January 2010 to December 2012.Sacconjunctival swab samples were collected from each patient under the informed consent.DNA of pathogens was extracted from the samples using QIA-amp minikit,and the conserved sequence with 366 bp at hexon protein coding region was amplified by PCR and sequenced subsequently to determine the infected adenovirus and their subtypes.These samples were simultaneously assayed by HMA,and the outcomes between DNA sequence and HMA were compared.Results Extracted DNA presented a yellow fluorescence band with the fragment size 35 kb and absorbance ratio at the wavelength 260 nm and 280 nm (A260/A280) was I.7.In the 214 samples,AdV type 1 (AdV1) was found in 4 samples,AdV2 in 33 samples,AdV3 in 15 samples,AdV4 in 12 samples,AdV8 in 19 samples,AdV19 in 15 samples and AdV37 in 8 samples.HMA showed the same outcome for the identification of AdV1,AdV2,AdV3,AdV8,AdV19 and AdV37 with direct DNA sequence.AdV4 was not feasible to HMA owing to 59.6％ (over 10％) mutation sites.Conclusions Direct DNA sequencing for conserved regions in coding sequence of hexon is an important way to identify causing-disease adenovirus subtypes in the patients with epidemic keratoconjunctivitis.HMA can offer a consistent result with the DNA sequencing,and it might be used as a suitable tool for large-scale molecular epidemiology researches.

Prevalência baixa de adenovírus em crianças com diarreia em Belo Horizonte-MG / Low prevalence of adenoviruses in children with acute diarrhea in Belo Horizonte-MG

INTRODUÇÃO: Diversos microrganismos são reconhecidos como agentes de diarreia aguda, entre eles, os adenovírus, cuja associação com a doença apresenta variações geográficas e é pouco conhecida no Brasil. OBJETIVOS: Investigar a presença de adenovírus em fezes de crianças com diarreia aguda e sem diarreia, em Belo Horizonte-MG, e estudar os fatores epidemiológicos associados à adenovirose intestinal. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: O teste imunocromatográfico qualitativo (kit VIKIA® Rota-Adeno, bioMérieux) foi utilizado para pesquisa de antígenos de adenovírus em amostras fecais obtidas de 268 crianças com diarreia aguda e 124 sem diarreia, em 2005 e 2006, no Hospital Infantil João Paulo II, Belo Horizonte-MG. Dados laboratoriais, clínicos e epidemiológicos foram registrados em banco de dados (SPSS Statistical package, IBM). RESULTADOS: Adenovírus foi detectado nas fezes de 16 crianças (4,1%): 12 (4,5%) com diarreia e quatro (3,2%) sem diarreia. A virose foi mais comum em meninas e a distribuição etária da infecção foi homogênea. Entre as 16 crianças com infecção pelo vírus, 11 (68,8%) tinham até 12 meses de idade. Entretanto, diferença significativa não foi observada para os parâmetros analisados. Distribuição sazonal da infecção por adenovírus não foi detectada. CONCLUSÃO: Nossos dados demonstram que a prevalência da adenovirose é baixa na população pediátrica no nosso meio.

INTRODUCTION: Several microorganisms, among them enteric adenovirus, are widely recognized as etiological agents of acute diarrhea. The association between adenovirus and the disease varies among geographical regions and is poorly known in Brazil. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the presence of adenovirus in stool samples from children with and without diarrhea in Belo Horizonte-MG. To study factors associated with enteric adenovirus infection. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A qualitative immunochromatographic assay (kit VIKIA® Rota-Adeno, bioMérieux) was performed to detect adenovirus antigens in stool samples from 268 children with acute diarrhea and 124 without diarrhea at Hospital Infantil João Paulo II from January/2005 to December/2006. Clinical, laboratory, and epidemiologic data were recorded in SPSS database (SPSS Statistical package, IBM). RESULTS: Adenovirus was detected in 16 samples (4.1%): 12 of them (4.5%) were from children with acute diarrhea and 4 of them (3.2%) from children without diarrhea. The viral infection was more prevalent among girls and the age distribution was homogenous. Among the 16 children infected by adenovirus,11 (68.8%) were younger than 12 months old. However, no significant statistical difference was observed within the analyzed parameters. There was no seasonal distribution of adenovirus infection. CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrate that the prevalence of enteric adenovirus infection is low among children with diarrhea in Belo Horizonte-MG.

Result of the treatment of certain eye diseases caused by adenovirus infection with normal immunoglobulin / Монголын Анагаах Ухаан

Background: In 1889, keratinocytes conjunctivitis with eruption in the form of Epidemic first was revealed by Fuchs and from 1995 it began to be diagnoses using the polymerase chain reaction. In our country annually about 11,850 patients visited the ophthalmology cabinet of the State Central Clinical Hospital, and from them 1290 cases or 10.89% were diagnosed to have viral infections, including 95% were sick of adenovirus infection, 3.7% had a herpes virus infection, 1,3% infection of other species respectively. At the international level of experience and research on the treatment of adenovirus conducted in a large circle, and immunoglobulin therapy has a high impact (P=0.0001, power 0.7599, ANOVA). In Mongolia, normal immunoglobulin is produced and widely uses to enhance immunity, but technological expertise and experiences on the use of immune globulin in ocular diseases caused by adenovirus infection had not been conducted yet. Goal: To study the possibility to diagnose ocular diseases caused by adenovirus infection with laboratory method and use immunoglobulin in eye area. Methods and materials: The investigation involved 50 patients aged 18-55 diagnosed with the infection of adenovirus. We took samples from eye conjunctiva, blood and stool of patients involved in the investigation and conducted a survey to identify adenovirus using the polymerase chain reaction. In this analysis it was used the diagnosing devise (Amply Sense Adenovirus – Eph) made in Russian Federation. Samples where the virus is detected were multiplied in Hep2 cell culture and viruses were abstracted. Linear cells Hep2 were made culture by methodology and recommendation from World Health Organization. Abstracted viruses were challenged in experimental rabbits by dropping it into their eyes or making injections. After rabbits became completely sick, they were divided into five groups and each had a different treatment. Statistical and analytical software used in the development of research. (SPSS,EPI-info8 STATA). Results: Samples were taken from 50 people and made on them polymerase chain reaction analysis, at 43 (86%) of which were detected adenovirus: Viruses were found in 14(93%) of 15 samples taken from the eye, 12 (80%) of 15 samples taken from the blood, 17(85%) of 20 samples taken from the stool respectively. Sample with viruses was conducted the initial development and made culture in a linear cell Hep 2. Partial anesthesia were made on both eyes of 25 rabbits with use of Proparacaine Hydrochloride and infected them with adenovirus and after 7 days the following treatments were made dividing the rabbits in five groups so that each group has got five rabbits. (Treatment with interferon, ingavirin treatment against viruses, immunoglobulin drops, combined immunoglobulin drops jointly with ingavirin, immunoglobulin injection for combined with ingavirin). After infection eyes of rabbits with adenovirus and descending corneous phlegmon in their eyes, the symptom curing were observed on schedule at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14th days of each separate treatment group and calculated the average. On the 8th day after starting the treatment combined ingavirin with lg eye drop and treatment lg catarrh injection with ingavirin conducted in related groups, and on the 12th day of treatment with ingavirin, all the symptoms of infections were completely cured. Treatability of group treated with interferon after 14 days was 71 percent. On the basis of the above indicators, we compared the most effective method of treatment with interferon treatment, which is currently in use, then developed a method of statistical significance of the study with indicator ANOVA and proved that the significance of the treatment is of P<0.05. As in the 8th day of the treatment, the symptoms of viral infection is completely eliminated, and at the 10th day is not detected any viruses, we can prove that the treatment of immune globulin effectively prevents the virus and is capable of neutralizing the virus. Conclusions: 1. The experiment shows that intravenous immunoglobulin therapy is an effective method against infection caused by adenovirus. 2. Since immunoglobulin counteracts the adenovirus, it has the opportunity to become a major application against inflammation caused by viruses and bacteria 3. Using of the drug against the virus with a combination of ingavirin has higher effectiveness than the use of only one immunoglobulin against adenovirus.

Infección diseminada por adenovirus de curso fatal en un niño inmunocomprometido / Disseminated and fatal adenovirus infection in an immunocompromised child

Las infecciones graves por adenovirus (ADV) tienen una importancia creciente en pacientes inmuno-comprometidos, en especial en niños sometidos a trasplante de precursores hematopoyéticos (TPH). Se reporta un caso de infección por ADV inicialmente gastrointestinal y luego diseminada, de curso fatal, en un niño de 12 años, post LPH. El diagnóstico se confirmó mediante aislamiento viral y detección de genoma viral en tejidos y sangre. Se revisan los principales aspectos de la infección por ADV, su diagnóstico y las posibilidades terapéuticas. Este caso debe alertar a los médicos clínicos para sospechar y estudiar este agente viral en pacientes de alto riesgo y enfatiza la importancia de disponer en Chile de antivirales para su tratamiento.

Severe adenovirus (ADV) infections have become increasingly important in immunocompromised patients, mainly in pediatric stem cell transplant recipients. We report a case of disseminated ADV infection leading to death in a 12-year-old stem cell transplant recipient. The diagnosis was confirmed by viral isolation and viral genome detection in tissues and blood. Main issues associated with infection, diagnosis and therapeutic alternatives are reviewed. This case should alert clinicians to suspect and study this agent in high risk patients and highlights the importance of having antiviral drugs for ADV available in Chile.

Detecção de roteiros e adenovírus na Grande São Paulo no período 1984-1986: estudo eletroforético do genoma dos rotavírus / Rotavirus and adenovirus detection in the Greater Säo Paulo in 1984-1986: eletrophoretic study of the rotavirus genome

No período de 1984 a 1986, 285 amostras de fezes de crianças com sintomatologia diarreica foram submetidas às provas diagnósticas de ensaio imunoenzimático, eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida e microscopia eletrônica. Destas amostras, 15,4% foram positivas para rotavírus e 3,2% para adenovírus. Das 44 (15,4%) amostras positivas para rotavírus pelo método imunoenzimático, 37 apresentaram perfil eletroforético do RNA característico dos rotavírus. Destas últimas, 27 foram analisadas segundo o esquema de Lourenço et alii, 1981, tendo sido verificada grande heterogeneidade de perfis e predominância dos rota vírus do subgrupo 1 foi detectada (AU).