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RESUMEN INTRODUCCIÓN: Los pacientes con trastorno afectivo bipolar pueden presentar alteraciones cognoscitivas que en algunos casos tienen un curso progresivo, por lo cual se ha cuestionado si la evolución de esta enfermedad se asocia a demencia, particularmente aquellas pertenecientes al espectro de la degeneración lobar frontotemporal. En este contexto, discriminar si un paciente presenta una demencia secundaria a la enfermedad psiquiátrica de base o si cursa una enfermedad neurodegenerativa además del trastorno afectivo bipolar, es un desafío para el diagnóstico diferencial. OBJETIVO: Comparar los desempeños cognoscitivos en pacientes con trastorno afectivo bipolar, con veinte años o más de evolución de la enfermedad y pacientes con demencia frontotemporal variante conductual. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio exploratorio, descriptivo y transversal en una cohorte seleccionada de casos por método no probabilístico. Los datos se analizan por medio de estadísticos no paramétricos. RESULTADOS: Eespecto al grupo control (N:27), los pacientes con demencia frontotemporal (N:24) presentan desempeños significativamente bajos en memoria verbal, funciones ejecutivas, praxias visoconstruccionales y atención (p <0,01). El grupo de trastorno bipolar (N:17) tiene bajos desempeños en estos procesos, pero no presenta fenómenos patológicos significativos asociados a intrusiones y perseveraciones. Entre los grupos clínicos no se identifican diferencias significativas. CONCLUSIÓN: Aunque los grupos clínicos comparten el compromiso en los procesos cognoscitivos evaluados, los desempeños son más bajos en el grupo de demencia frontotemporal, lo que sugiere que en una enfermedad degenerativa de menor tiempo de evolución y aparición en etapa presenil el déficit cognitivo es mayor que en una enfermedad psiquiátrica crónica.
SUMMARY INTRODUCTION: Patients with Bipolar Disorder may present cognitive alterations that in some cases have a progressive course, whereby it has been questioned if the evolution of this disease is associated with dementia, in particular those that belong to the spectrum of frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Thereby, discriminate if a patient has a dementia secondary to the underlying psychiatric illness or if the patient presents a neurode-generative disease besides the bipolar disorder is a challenge for the differential diagnosis. OBJECTIVE: To compare the cognitive performance in a sample of patients with Bipolar Disorder and twenty years or more of disease progression, and patients with behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Exploratory, descriptive and transversal study in a cohort of cases selected with a non probabilistic method. Dates are compared through non parametric statistics. RESULTS: Relative to Control group (N:27), Frontotemporal Dementia Patients (N:24) have significantly lower performances in verbal memory, executive functions, visoconstructional praxis and attention tasks (p <0,01). Bipolar Disorder group (N:17) has lower performances in this processes but don't present pathological markers such as intrusions and perseverative responses. There are no significant differences when comparing between clinical groups. CONCLUSION: Although clinical groups share the compromise in most of the cognitive process evaluated, the performances are lower in Frontotemporal dementia group, which suggests that in a degenerative disease of less evolution time and onset in presenile stage, the cognitive deficit is greater than in a chronic psychiatric illness.
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Cognition , Démence frontotemporale , Troubles bipolaires et apparentésRésumé
background: Early management of myocardial infarction in the area of public health requires the integration of specific programs for the coordination of healthcare services. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact on delay times and reperfusion rate of a comprehensive program for the reperfusion of myocardial infarction in a hospital network of the Southern Greater Buenos Aires. Methods: The network consists of six low-mid-complexity hospitals and a third-level referral center with 24-hour cath-lab. Stage 1 of the program (2009-2010) evaluated the existing barriers to reperfusion; Stage 2 (2011-2013) implemented the progressive incorpora-tion of improvements and Stage 3 assessed the program (2013-2014) complemented with fellows in each hospital. Program impact was evaluated by the proportion of patients reperfused and time to its implementation. results: A total of 432 patients referred from the network were hospitalized with diagnosis of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Mean age was 56±9 years and 83.3% were men. The proportion of reperfused patients progressively increased: S1 60.7%, S2 69% and S3 78%, p for trend=0.01. Time to reperfusion decreased significantly between S1 and S3, from 120 minutes (IQR 55-240) to 90 minutes (IQR 35-150), p=0.04, with a median reduction of 30 minutes in the door-to-balloon and door-to-needle times. Conclusions: The application of a program for myocardial reperfusion based on the diagnosis of barriers was associated with 28.5% increase in reperfusion, and a significant reduction in the implementation times. This public network model built on algorithms adapted to local barriers may contribute to improve the care of myocardial infarction in our country.
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Objective To analysis the MRI features of cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), to improve the understanding of MRI manifestations of this disease. Meth?ods The clinical manifestations, neuroimaging analysis and genetic analysis were performed in the CADASIL pedigree proband and his families. Results Five of six cases were confirmed with C2182T mutation on exon 14 of the NOTCH3, of which three cases were diagnosed by MRI. Brain MRI findings included bilateral symmetric distributed confluent lesions in the subcortical and periventricular white matter in the frontal lobe, hypointensity on T1WI and hyperintensity on both T2WI and T2 FLAIR imaging in four cases. The external capsule was involved in three cases, with hyperintensity on T2WI. Subcortical lacunar lesions (SLLs) were shown in three cases. Lacunar infarction in the basal ganglia and thalamus were presented in four cases. T2WI hyperintensity at the brain stem was found in two cases. Cerebral microbleeds were re?vealed in three cases. There was no O’Sullivan sign in all the six cases. Conclusions There is characteristic change of MRI in CADASIL patients, which may play a very important role in screening these cases.
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Salmonella entérica serovar Typhimurium cells expressing the cadA gene of Geobacillus stearothermophilus LV exhibit a hypersensitive phenotype to cadmium chloride. Deletion of the ORF STM3576 from the Salmonella genome resulted in cadmium, lead and zinc sensitivity, confirming that this ORF is a homologue of the zntA gene. The observed sensitivity was reverted upon expression of the G. stearothermophilus LV cadA gene. These results indicate that the cadA gene product is involved in Cd, Pb and Zn resistance as a classical P-type ATPase and strongly suggest that the observed hypersensitive phenotype to these metals can be related to the function of the host ·zntA gene product.