Combatting the financing of terrorism in conflict (war) conditions / Lucha contra la financiación del terrorismo en situaciones de conflicto (guerra) / Combate ao financiamento do terrorismo em condições de conflito (guerra)

The scientific article analyses modern terrorist threats in the territory of Ukraine, associated with the active use of financial assets, the latest technologies and innovative financial instruments, in particular cryptocurrencies. The positive experience of legislative initiatives and advanced practices of several foreign countries in combatting the legalisation of funds by illegal means and the financing of terrorism is highlighted. The problems of implementation of state policy in this sphere are revealed. Based on this, ways of improving the system of fighting terrorism in Ukraine on the international and national levels have been determined. It was concluded that the basis of the state policy in the field of combatting terrorism during the period of martial law and in the post-war period in Ukraine should be the development of the Strategy for Combatting Terrorism in Ukraine, which should take into account both the best world practices and the modern realities of waging war in the conditions of supporting terrorism with financial infusions.

El artículo científico analiza las amenazas terroristas modernas en el territorio de Ucrania, asociadas al uso activo de activos financieros, las últimas tecnologías e instrumentos financieros innovadores, en particular las criptodivisas. Se destaca la experiencia positiva de las iniciativas legislativas y las prácticas avanzadas de varios países extranjeros en la lucha contra la legalización de fondos por medios ilegales y la financiación del terrorismo. Se ponen de manifiesto los problemas de aplicación de la política estatal en este ámbito. Se concluye que la base de la política estatal en el ámbito de la lucha contra el terrorismo durante el período de la ley marcial y en el período de posguerra en Ucrania debe ser el desarrollo de la Estrategia de Lucha contra el Terrorismo en Ucrania, que debe tener en cuenta tanto las mejores prácticas mundiales y las realidades modernas de hacer la guerra en las condiciones de apoyo al terrorismo con infusiones financieras.

O artigo científico analisa as ameaças terroristas modernas no território da Ucrânia, associadas ao uso ativo de ativos financeiros, às tecnologias mais recentes e aos instrumentos financeiros inovadores, em especial as criptomoedas. A experiência positiva de iniciativas legislativas e práticas avançadas de vários países estrangeiros no combate à legalização de fundos por meios ilegais e ao financiamento do terrorismo é destacada. Os problemas de implementação da política estatal nessa esfera são revelados. Com base nisso, foram determinadas formas de aprimorar o sistema de combate ao terrorismo na Ucrânia em nível internacional e nacional. Concluiu-se que a base da política do Estado no campo do combate ao terrorismo durante o período da lei marcial e no período pós-guerra na Ucrânia deve ser o desenvolvimento da Estratégia de Combate ao Terrorismo na Ucrânia, que deve levar em conta tanto as melhores práticas mundiais quanto as realidades modernas de guerra nas condições de apoio ao terrorismo com infusões financeiras.

Challenges and countermeasures of Investigator-Initiated Trial of oncology / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:In order to put forward relevant measures and suggestions to improve the quality of the Investigator-Initiated Trials of oncology in medical institutions.Methods:Through literature research, comparative study, combined with the implementation and management of investigator initiated trials, the current status and challenges of the administration of these trials were analyzed.Results:Investigator-Initiated Trials of oncology become increasingly important. However, its quality is poor compared with Industry-Sponsored Trials due to insufficient funds and lack of effective supervision. Besides, four main challenges as follows were identified: lack of clinical research professionals, the quality concerns of ethical review in some institutions, insufficient funding for clinical research, and imperfect quality management system.Conclusions:Based on the actual needs of IITs of oncology, medical institutions should strengthen the talent cultivation, establish electronic information management platform, increase project support, strengthen scientific research supervision and deepen the awareness of risk prevention to improve the quality of investigator initiated trials.

Current main problems and countermeasures for prevention and control of endemic diseases in China / 中华地方病学杂志

Over the past decade, remarkable progress has been made in prevention and control of endemic diseases in China through implementation of the 12th and the 13th Five-Year National Plans for Prevention and Control of Endemic Diseases and the Three-Year Action Plan for Special Prevention and Control of Endemic Diseases. Based on the latest monitoring data of endemic diseases and the evaluation results of the control and elimination of endemic diseases of the 13th Five-Year Plan, this paper analyzed current main problems in prevention and control of endemic diseases in China, focusing on implementation of prevention and control measures for iodine deficiency disorders, endemic fluorosis, and endemic arsenicosis, as well as the treatment and management of patients. Accordingly, corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put forward from three aspects, including prevention and control mechanism, implementation of prevention and control measures, and scientific research, so as to provide scientific basis for the country and various regions to consolidate the achievements of prevention and control of endemic diseases and accurately implement the prevention and control measures of endemic diseases.

Adverse events in platelet-rich plasma collection and countermeasures / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To explore the quality of platelet-rich plasma(PRP) and adverse events during PRP collection and the countermeasures, so as to provide reference for the development of PRP therapy. 【Methods】 A total of 412 patients who underwent PRP treatment from November 2020 to October 2022 were statistically analyzed in terms of the general data, PRP quality and adverse events during collection, and the countermeasures were formulated. 【Results】 PRP was collected from 409 patients with a volume of (48.391±6.262) mL, with platelet concentration at (1 125.548±366.036)×109/L. There were 33 adverse events occurred in 412 patients, with an incidence of 8.01% (33/412), among which 10 was regarding to collection and 23 were adverse reaction to blood donation. The reasons include mental factors, hyperlipidemia, hypovolemia, abnormal red blood cell morphology and venous puncture injury. 【Conclusion】 Countermeasures against the relative risk factors of adverse events during PRP collection, such as exclusion of hyperlipidemia, relieving mental stress, providing adequate communication and water to patients with low body weight, lowering the collection and transfusion flow rate to patients with poor vascular status and providing calcium gluconate to patients with low calcium response should be taken.

Status quo and improvement countermeasures of the priority review system for encouraged generic drug in China / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To provide reference for better implementation of the priority review system for generic drugs of encouraged generic drug catalogues. METHODS Based on literature research， practical status of the priority review system for generic drugs in two batches of encouraged generic drug catalogues in China was analyzed， and the problems existing in the application of the system were compared to propose corresponding solutions. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS China has issued two batches of encouraged generic drug catalogues， and there were 49 varieties of generic drugs included in the catalogues. In the implementation of the priority review system for generic drugs of encouraged generic drug catalogues， there were some problems in legislation， incentive system for the first generic drug， post-marketing re-evaluation system， and cross-departmental coordination and linkage mechanism. It is suggested to strengthen legislation， improve the “first generic market exclusivity period” system， perfect the post-marketing re-evaluation system and form a normalized cross-departmental coordination mechanism so as to ensure the safety， effectiveness and accessibility of generic drugs in China.

Ethical analysis and countermeasures of artificial intelligence application in clinical trials / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

The development of artificial intelligence is becoming more and more mature, and has penetrated into every field of clinical trials. Artificial intelligence has brought new development opportunities for clinical trials. However, the application of artificial intelligence in clinical trials is still in the exploratory stage, facing many ethical issues, including trial risk caused by data quality, privacy protection caused by data regulation, and contradiction between data authorization and informed consent. We should precisely position the realizable application of artificial intelligence in clinical trials, understand its practical ethical issues, and formulate corresponding coping strategies to ensure the maximum improvement of the whole process performance of clinical trials, including strengthening data quality management and reducing clinical trial risks; optimizing data monitoring mechanisms to ensure data security and privacy; building a data authorization platform and improving judicial protection of informed consent, etc.

Reflections on Privacy Dilemma and Countermeasures in Epidemic Prevention and Control / 中国医学伦理学

Nowadays, the wide application of artificial intelligence technology and big data technology in epidemic prevention and control has played an indispensable and key role, and will continue to be used in depth. At the same time, the digitization of personal information has exacerbated ethical problems, such as the expansion of personal privacy boundary, the complexity of privacy ownership, and the imbalance of various forms of value and rights. Therefore, it is of great significance to identify, prevent and solve these privacy problems according to the needs of epidemic prevention and control and ethical principles. Starting with the application scope of big data technology in epidemic prevention and control, this paper expounded prominent problems in the four stages of privacy dilemma in epidemic prevention and control and three typical conflicts of interest, analyzed three causes of privacy problems, clarified three principles for dealing with privacy problems, comprehensively considered and put forward countermeasures to solve privacy ethics problems in epidemic prevention and control, so as to provide reference for alleviating or solving the privacy problems in epidemic prevention and control.

Unexpected antibody screening of thalassemia children in Yunnan Province and the blood transfusion strategies / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To study the yielding rate and distribution of unexpected antibodies in blood transfusion children with thalassemia in Yunnan province, and to explore the blood transfusion strategies. 【Methods】 From January 2016 to December 2021, 298 children with thalassemia, who received blood transfusion treatment in Kunming, Xishuangbanna, Wenshan, Dehong, Yuxi and Baoshan hospitals across Yunnan Province, were selected. The unexpected antibodies of blood plasma were screened by microcolumn gel card. The samples with positive antibodies were identified for alloantibody specificity. 【Results】 Unexpected antibodies were yielded in 67 out of 298(22.48%) transfused children with thalassemia. The positive rates of unexpected antibodies in boys and girls were 16.55%(24/145) and 28.10%(43/153), respectively. The positive rates of unexpected antibodies in Han, Dai, Zhuang, Yi, Bulang, Jinuo and Miao people were 14.06%(18/128), 30.80%(32/104), 35.71%(10/28), 36.36%(8/22), 50.00%(4/8), 60.00%(3/5)and 66.67%(2/3), respectively, with statistically significant differences between each other. The positive rate of unexpected antibodies in ethnic minorities was higher than that in Han. The positive rates of unexpected antibodies in children who received the first transfusion at birth-one year old, 1~3 years old, 3~6 years old and above 6 years old were 12.50%(3/24), 10.14%(7/69), 24.54%(40/163)and 40.48%(17/42), respectively. The positive rates of unexpected antibodies in children with first transfusion after 3 years old were significantly higher than those before 3 years old. The positive rates of unexpected antibodies in children with one transfusion, 1~3, 3~10, 10~20 and more than 20 transfusions were 4.76%(1/21), 12.07%(7/58), 23.71%(23/97), 28.16%(29/103)and 36.84%(7/19), respectively, with statistically significant differences between each other. The number of blood transfusions was positively correlated with the unexpected antibody yielding. The yielding rate of unexpected antibodies in children with α thalassemia, βthalassemia, δ+ βthalassemia and untyped thalassemia was 7.50%(3/40), 17.62%(34/193), 53.70%(29/54)and 9.09%(1/11), respectively(P<0.05). The yielding rate of unexpected antibodies in transfused children with δ+ βthalassemia was the highest. And 57 unexpected antibodies of Rh blood group system were yielded, 6 anti-M antibodies, 2 anti-N antibodies and 2 undetermined. 【Conclusion】 The positive rate of unexpected antibodies in transfused children with thalassemia in Yunnan province is high. Routine antibody screening should be carried out for transfusion children with thalassemia, and blood units, compatible with ABO, Rh and MNS typing results, should be selected to ensure the safety and effectiveness of clinical blood use.

Perioperative nursing characteristics and management of oral cancer patients underwent radical resection and flap reconstrution / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To analyze the perioperative clinical characteristics of patients with oral cancer underwent radical resection and flap reconstrution and the nursing managements.Methods:From January 2020 to December 2020, 658 patients with oral cancer underwent radical resection and flap reconstrution in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were divided into the elderly group (≥60 years) and the younger group (< 60 years), including 279 cases in the elderly group and 379 cases in the younger group. The perioperative clinical data of the patients were collected, and the perioperative general situation, postoperative complications and influencing factors of complications were analyzed.Results:There were differences between the two groups in the aspects of sex ( χ2 = 12.38, P<0.001), preoperative BMI ( t = 2.43, P = 0.015), smoking history ( χ2 = 18.34, P<0.001), preoperative anesthesia grade ( χ2 = 25.61, P = 0.001), preoperative coexisting disease ( χ2 = 46.97, P<0.001), whether oral floor or tongue cancer ( χ2 = 16.68, P<0.001), whether free flap ( χ2 = 6.81, P = 0.003), operation time ( t = 2.19, P = 0.029), preoperative test index hemoglobin ( t = 4.96, P<0.001), albumin ( t = 5.44, P<0.001), D-dimer( Z = -13.52, P<0.001), calcium levels ( t = 4.07, P<0.001) and postoperative complications ( χ2 = 14.55, P<0.001). Multivariate analysis of postoperative complications showed that the age ( OR = 1.021, 95% CI = 1.005-1.037, P = 0.011), preoperative D-dimer ( OR = 1.219, 95% CI = 1.026-1.447, P = 0.024) and the preoperative coexisting disease ( OR = 1.642, 95% CI = 1.108-2.432, P = 0.013) were the risk factors for the postoperative complications. Multivariate analysis of discharge with tube showed that the age ( OR = 1.017, 95% CI = 1.003-1.031, P = 0.017), preoperative BMI ( OR = 0.917, 95% CI = 0.873-0.963, P = 0.001), whether oral floor or tongue cancer ( OR = 2.135, 95% CI = 1.475-3.091, P<0.001), and operation time ( OR = 1.220, 95% CI = 1.120-1.328, P<0.001) were the related factors for the discharge with tube. Conclusion:In view of the above risk factors, it is beneficial for the physical and mental recovery of patients to pay attention to preoperative evaluation, make adequate preoperative preparation, postoperative nursing and observation, improve swallowing function training, prepare for discharge, pay attention to continuous nursing, and establish a tertiary hospital-community-family rehabilitation system.

Development of Infection Practice Simulation Course for Medical Students / 医学教育

While the COVID-19 epidemic required the ability to confront infection prevention practices, its education for medical students remained inadequate. Herein, we have developed an infection practice simulation course for medical students, based on the simulation education method. The course is a compulsory part of the medical school curriculum. Features of the course include adoption of small group education by tutorial method, medical interviews of simulated patients, scenario simulation, supervised discussions and presentations between medical students, efficient point learning using worksheets, achievement assessment using OSCE, course direction by an infectious disease specialist, and university-wide educational participation from all clinical department doctors. The course was designed so that students could be guided to think carefully and be aware of their interactions. In addition, it was expected that participation in the course would have a lifelong educational effect on the medical doctors.

Discussion on problems and countermeasures of military medical radiation license management / 中国辐射卫生

@#Practice in military medical radiation license management in the new era of military reform have surfaced problems in military radiation protection, involving radiation protection management regulation, occupational health monitoring for radiation workers, inspection of radiation equipment and site protection, implementation of the “Three Synchronizations System” for construction, renovation, and extension projects of radiation facilities, as well as quality control for radiation protection and diagnosis and treatment. Efforts should be focused on radiation protection training, self-management of medical radiation institutions, supervision and regulation from medical radiation license management institutions, and joint coordination of relevant departments. Under new regulations and standards, creatively conducting medical radiation license management and running the army in accordance with the law in the new era of military reform are of great significance for standardizing military radiation protection and ensuring the healthy development of military medical radiation services.

Current status and countermeasures for the development of occupational health talents in China / 中国职业医学

@#Abstract: Objective ， To analyze the current status and existing problems of occupational health talents in China and put Methods forward development measures and suggestions. The occupational health supervision and management law enforcement officers at the city and county levels in China and occupational health professionals in local occupational disease prevention and control technical support institutions at all levels were selected as the survey subjects using comprehensive survey. The Questionnaire on the Construction Status of Occupational Health Personnel Team in China was used to investigate Results ， theallocation. ByDecember2020 therewere17900occupationalhealthsupervisionandlawenforcementofficersin ， ， cities counties and districts and each occupational health supervision and law enforcement officer in China needed to ， ， supervise and manage 261 enterprises. Among them there are 689 enterprises in Jiangsu Province and 67 enterprises in - - ShanxiProvince.There are 45 200 full time and part time occupationalhealth professionals in occupationaldisease prevention ， and control technical support institutions affiliated to local health systems at all levels. Among them there are 4 900 ， occupationaldiseasepreventionhospitalsatalllevels 20700diseasecontrolcentersatalllevelsand 19600generalhospitals ， - - at all levels. On the distribution of disciplines and specialties there are 22 400 health related majors and 3 200 non health Conclusion ， majors. Thereisalackofpersonnelinoccupationalhealthsupervisionandlawenforcement unevengeographical ， ， distribution few occupational health professionals and imperfect discipline system of occupational health system. There is an ， ， urgent need to strengthen the construction of occupational health personnel team optimize the structure of the team improve ， ， the personnel training mechanism innovate personnel training methods and improve the comprehensive quality and ability of occupationalhealthpersonnel.

Risk factors analysis and intervention of blood-borne occupational exposure in medical staff / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To analyze the risk factors of blood-borne occupational exposure among medical staff and explore the relevant intervention measures. Methods: In June 2020, the data of blood-borne occupational exposure and related factors reported by medical staff in a grade Ⅲ, Grade A general hospital from 2011 to 2019 were analyzed by retrospective investigation. Results: Among 431 cases of blood-borne occupational exposure, 69.37% were nurses. It mainly occurred in medical staff with 0-4 years of service, accounting for 63.57%; The main place of occupational exposure was in the ward 47.56%; Sharp instrument injury was the main occupational exposure route 91.65%. Occupational exposure department was mainly surgery department 17.87%; The main source of exposure was hepatitis B virus (HBV) 37.12%, followed by treponema pallidum 20.19%. Statistical analysis results show that: Exposure sites (χ(2)=43.585, P<0.01) , exposure sources (χ(2)=22.693, P<0.01) , treatment methods after exposure (χ(2)=18.866, P<0.01) , Flushing (χ(2)=31.963, P<0.01) and disinfection (χ(2)=14.216, P<0.01) were significantly different. Conclusion: The effective measures to reduce blood-borne occupational exposure are to strengthen occupational protection training of medical staff, standardize operation procedures, strengthen supervision of key groups and departments, improve reporting, monitoring and follow-up systems to realize informatization, and do a good job in risk control.

Ethical issues and countermeasures of early phase trials / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

Early phase trials refer to the early exploratory stage of transferring drug development into clinical trials. With China's strong encouragement for innovative drug research and development and enterprises vigorous investment, a large number of innovative drugs have entered early clinical trials. Early phase trials are generally based on innovative diagnosis and treatment mechanisms, pharmaceutical technology and drug delivery methods. Their research design are complex and diverse, and the new technology such as computer simulation are also widely used in the early phase trial process. These aspects are major challenges for the scientific and ethical review of early phase trials. Based on the characteristics of early phase trials, this article analyzes the ethical issues in early clinical trials such as risk uncertainty, therapeutic misunderstanding, subject compensation, breakthrough treatment, etc., and puts forward ethical countermeasures and suggestions.

Research progress and countermeasures of Alzheimer' s disease signaling pathways / 中国药理学通报

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the gradual loss of memory and cognitive functions. Studies have found the relation between the pathogenesis of AD and the transduction of signaling path-ways. This article combines domestic and foreign literature to review the role of AD-related signaling pathways in pathogenic mechanisms and analysis of countermeasures, aiming to provide new ideas for the treatment of AD and the development of new anti-AD drugs.

Study on radiation safety supervision countermeasures of nuclear technology utilization in Sichuan province / 中国辐射卫生

This review summarizes the basic situation and characteristics of nuclear technology utilization and radiation safety supervision in Sichuan Province, analyzed the main problems of radiation safety supervision, put forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions, and provided reference for improving the radiation safety supervision ability of the whole province.

Countermeasures for online public opinion governance amid major public health events / 中华医院管理杂志

Based on the realities of COVID-19 pandemic, the authors when following a concept clarification of online public opinion and its governance connotation, probed deep into the problems existing in the online public opinion governance during major public health events under the background of rich media in China, and put forward corresponding countermeasures. The authors called for furthering the governance theory as the premise, improving the legal construction as the foundation, improving the governance mechanism as the crux, strengthening the governance means as the priority, shaping the sense of social responsibility of service providers as the guarantee, and improving the information literacy of Internet users as the fundamental basis.

The patent situation analysis and countermeasure research of medical research institutions in Sichuan / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:By analyzing the patent literature of medical research institutions in Sichuan Province, the current status of patent development in each institution were analyzed to identify existing problems, according to which countermeasures were put forward.Methods:Using IncoPat as the retrieval tool, the patent documents of Sichuan medical scientific research institutions were searched, data about the overall application trend, applicant, patent type, legal events were analyzed, and relevant countermeasures were proposed based on the current patent development situation.Results:At present, the overall development of patents in Sichuan medical scientific research institutions is good, however, there are still some problems and challenges, such as weak awareness of patent protection, low patent quality, insufficient transformation of patent achievements and so on.Conclusions:By analyzing the present situation of patent development of medical scientific research institutions in Sichuan Province, this study put forward some countermeasures, including strengthening publicity on intellectual property protection, improving the driving mechanism, reforming intellectual property management and achievement transformation mechanism, to provide reference for promoting the benign development of patents at medical scientific research institutions, as well as promote the development of medical science and technology innovation.

Analysis of scientific research status of Grade-A tertiary obstetrics and gynecology hospital based on the Science and Technology Evaluation Metrics in Chinese hospitals / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:To analyze the current situation of scientific research in hospitals in China based on the indicators and results of Science and Technology Evaluation Metrics in Chinese hospitals, and propose possible countermeasures for scientific research development.Methods:The external and internal environment of scientific research in a Grade-A tertiary obstetrics and gynecology hospital was discussed through the results of Science and Technology Evaluation Metrics and situation analysis.Results:The external opportunity of the hospital is that the national and municipal government lead the development direction of science and technology, the hospital leaders attach great importance to the development direction of the hospital and have a clear direction for the development of the hospital; the challenge is that the new generation of information technology puts forward the requirements of cross integration of scientific research work, the flow of high-level talents is accelerated, and there is a significant gap with the similar hospitals in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. The internal advantages are embodied in the following points: the advantages of specialties are obvious, the output of scientific research results has increased year by year after the implementation of the scientific research management of hospital departments, the training and introduction of talents are equally important; the disadvantages are reflected in the following points: lack of basic research and scientific research platforms, lack of high-end scientific and clinical research talents, insufficient academic influence, lack of national-level scientific research projects, insufficient high-level scientific research results, and low achievement conversion rate.Conclusions:The hospital should improve performance assessment, build research platform and achievement transformation platform, strengthen interdisciplinary integration and personnel training, and promote the fine management of high-level achievements, so as to improve the scientific and technological output, academic influence and scientific and technological conditions of the hospital.

Problems and countermeasures in the management of scientific research funds / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:In order to improve the management level of scientific research funds, strengthen the risk prevention and control of scientific research, ensure that scientific research funds are used reasonably and efficiently in compliance with regulatory requirement.Methods:Based on literature review, this article explores the current status and existing problems of scientific research project management from three perspectives: scientific research management systems, principal investigation (PI), and information systems.Taking the construction of the scientific research management work system of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University as an example, discuss measures and countermeasures dealing with existing problems in the management of scientific research funds.Results:The establishment of the scientific research management system to some extent has improved the hospital's scientific research management level and solved the existing problems.Conclusions:Optimization suggestions are provided to further improve the management of funds of scientific research projects.Meanwhile, it provides reference for the management of scientific research funds of other hospitals.