Doble colédoco, variante anatómica infrecuente de la vía biliar. Presentación de caso / Double common bile duct, a rare anatomical variant of the bile tract. Case report

Introducción: la presencia de un conducto colédoco doble es una variante anatómica infrecuente con menos de 200 casos publicados en la literatura hasta la fecha, siendo fundamental los estudios preoperatorios que se le deben realizar a los pacientes, a fin de tener la sospecha o el diagnóstico confirmado, no sólo de la variante anatómica, sino de la patología asociada, siendo estas la coledocolitiasis y las patologías malignas del árbol biliar las más frecuentes, aunque gran parte de los casos son hallazgos incidentales e intraoperatorios.Caso clínico : se presenta el caso de masculino de 81 años de edad, con antecedente de colecistectomía 20 años previos, con diagnóstico de síndrome ictérico obstructivo, y estudios de colangiorresonancia y CPRE que reportan coledocolitiasis. Se decide llevar a acto quirúrgico y se diagnóstica la presencia de conducto colédoco doble como hallazgo. Se realiza derivación biliodigestiva de tipo hepaticoyeyunoanastomosis más ligadura de conducto colédoco accesorio con evolución satisfactoria, con alta médica a los 5 días posteriores, y resultado de biopsia negativo para malignidad.Conclusión : el doble colédoco debe ser adecuadamente diagnosticado y estudiado, así no se confirme el diagnóstico preoperatorio los pacientes deben acudir con estos estudios realizados al acto quirúrgico, ya que, dicho tratamiento dependerá fundamentalmente de la patología asociada(AU)

Introduction: the presence of a double common bile duct is an infrequent anatomical variant with less than 200 cases published in the literature to the date, and preoperative studies that must be performed on patients are essential in order to have the suspicion or diagnosis confirmed, not only of the anatomical variant, but also of the associated pathology, these being choledocholithiasis and malignant pathologies of the biliary tract the most frequent, although most of the cases are incidental and intraoperative findings.Clinical case : the case of an 81-year-old male is presented, with a history of cholecystectomy 20 years prior, with a diagnosis of obstructive icteric syndrome, and magnetic resonance cholangiography and ERCP studies that reported choledocholithiasis. It was decided to carry out surgery and the presence of double common bile duct was diagnosed as a finding. Biliodigestive derivation hepaticojejunoanastomosis type and accessory common bile duct ligation was performed with satisfactory evolution, with medical discharge 5 days later, and biopsy result negative for malignancy.Conclusion : the double common bile duct should be properly diagnosed and studied, even if the preoperative diagnosis is not confirmed, patients should attend the surgical procedure with these studies, since said treatment will depend fundamentally on the associated pathology(AU)

Le pseudo kyste abdominal: une complication de la dérivation ventricule péritonéale à propos d'un cas / The abdominal pseudocyst: a complication of ventriculoperitoneal bypass about a case

Le pseudokyste abdominal est une complication rare pouvant survenir chez les sujets porteurs d'une dérivation ventriculo-péritonéale (DVP). Nous rapportons le cas d'un adolescent de 11 ans, chez qui une DVP a été réalisée pour une hydrocéphalie congénitale. Il présentait une distension abdominale progressive sans notion de troubles de transit. L'imagerie (échographie, urosacnner) a permis de mettre en évidence un épanchement péritonéal de grande abondance organisé, à paroi fine et régulière, exerçant un effet de masse sur la vessie et les uretères, responsable d'une urétérohydronéphrose bilatérale. Le bout distal du cathéter de DVP a été visualisé dans la collection

The abdominal pseudocyst is a rare complication that can occur in subjects with a ventriculoperitoneal drain (VPD). We report the case of an 11-year-old adolescent with congenital hydrocephalus antecedent, for whom a ventriculoperitoneal shunt was made. He presented a progressive abdominal distension without notion of transit disorders. Abdominal ultrasound and uroscanner revealed an organized peritoneal effusion of great abundance, thin and regular wall, exerting a mass effect on the bladder and the ureters responsible for bilateral uretero-hydronephrosis. Above all, it has made it possible to individualize the distal ventriculo-peritoneal bypass catheter projecting in the effusion

Tratamiento quirúrgico paliativo de los tumores periampulares, una opción de paliación a largo plazo / Palliative surgical treatment of periampullary tumors, an option of long-term palliation

RESUMEN Introducción: los tumores de la encrucijada duodeno-bilio-pancreática o periampulares corresponden a un grupo heterogéneo de tumores. Se originan dentro de los 2 cm de la papila duodenal mayor. En los tumores irresecables, el tratamiento debe estar dirigido a la paliación más efectiva. El tratamiento quirúrgico paliativo va dirigido a resolver la obstrucción biliar, duodenal y el dolor, con el fin de optimizar la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Objetivo: describir el comportamiento del tratamiento quirúrgico paliativo de los tumores periampulares. Materiales y métodos: se realizó una investigación observacional, descriptiva y prospectiva con los pacientes con tumor periampular irresecable tributarios a tratamiento quirúrgico paliativo, en el Servicio de Cirugía General del Hospital Universitario "Comandante Faustino Pérez Hernández", en la ciudad de Matanzas, desde enero del 2010 hasta diciembre del 2019. Resultados: el tumor de páncreas fue el más representado. Todos los pacientes fueron tributarios de derivación biliar quirúrgica paliativa, sin embargo, la derivación gástrica se realizó solo con confirmación endoscópica de infiltración tumoral u obstrucción duodenal y la esplacnicectomía química, siempre que fue factible técnicamente o las condiciones del paciente lo permitieron. La hepaticoyeyunostomía en Y de ROUX fue la derivación biliar de elección. La principal complicación quirúrgica fue la sepsis provocando las muertes. Conclusiones: la paliación quirúrgica es la alternativa de elección con mejores resultados a largo plazo, en los tumores periampulares irresecables con buen estado general, lo que contribuye a una mejor calidad de vida (AU).

ABSTRACT Introduction: the tumors of the duodenal-biliary-pancreatic junction or periampullary tumors correspond to a heterogeneous group of tumor. They originate inside the 2 cm of the major duodenal papilla. In unresectable tumors, the treatment should be intended for the most effective palliation. The surgical palliative treatment is intended for solving biliary, duodenal obstruction, and pain, with the aim of optimizing patients' life quality. Objective: to describe the behavior of the periampullary tumors palliative surgical treatment. Materials and methods: a prospective, descriptive, observational research was carried out in patients with unresectable periampullary tumor tributary to palliative surgical treatment, in the Service of General Surgery of the University Hospital "Comandante Faustino Perez Hernandez", of Matanzas, from January 2010 to December 2019. Results: pancreas tumor was the most represented one. All patients were tributary to biliary palliative surgical derivation, however, gastric derivation was performed only with endoscopic confirmation of tumor infiltration or duodenal obstruction, and chemical splanchnicectomy whenever it was technically feasible and the patient's conditions allowed it. Roux's Y-shaped hepaticojejunostomy was the elective biliary derivation. The main surgical complication was sepsis provoking deaths. Conclusions: surgical palliation is the election alternative with long- term better outcomes, in unresectable periampullary tumors with a good general status, contributing to better life quality (AU).

Textual research principles and suggestions on function and indication of ancient classical formulas / 中国中药杂志

Indication and functions is an important key information in the research and development of the ancient classical formulas, which directly affects the clinical positioning of the compound formulas and their reasonable, effective and safe use after marke-ting. It is also the embodiment of the ultimate vitality of ancient classical formulas. Due to the particularity of ancient classical formulas, it is of great significance to accurately define and describe the functions and indications of classical formulas to exert their unqiue advantages. Based on the analysis of the provenances, classification of clinical indications, and functions of 100 prescriptions in the Catalogue of Ancient Classical Formulas(First Batch), this paper summarized the incompleteness, irregularity and inconsistency in the original text, the differences in terminology between ancient and modern times, and the evolution of the meanings of prescriptions in different dynasties. In addition, under the guidance of the general principle of textual researh on ancient classical formulas, which is to inherit the essence, make the past serve the present, link up the past and the present, and bulid consensus, this paper proposed the following ideas: respecting the original meanings and provenances of ancient classical formulas, taking full consideration of the development and evolution, serving the current clinical application and health needs, accurately linking up the ancient and modern terminologies, standardizing the expression of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) terminology, highlighting the characteristics of TCM, attaching importance to the textual research principles and suggestions of post-marketing evidence-based and clinical positioning research, so as to determine the the functions and indications of the ancient classical formulas in a scientific, standardized and reasonable way and better guide the clinical application of the classical formulas.

Variables electrocardiográficas asociadas a la aparición de eventos cardiovasculares adversos en el infarto agudo de miocardio sin elevación del segmento ST / Electrocardiographic variables associated to the occurrence of adverse cardiovascular events in non-ST elevation acute myocardial infarction

Introducción: La frecuencia de infarto agudo de miocardio sin elevación del segmento ST se está incrementando y, con ella, los resultados adversos en pacientes con enfermedad coronaria isquémica aguda. Objetivo: Identificar las variables electrocardiográficas asociadas a la aparición de eventos cardiovasculares adversos en el infarto agudo de miocardio sin elevación del segmento ST. Método: Se realizó un estudio transversal, de tipo correlacional, con 68 pacientes con infarto agudo de miocardio sin elevación del segmento ST atendidos en el Hospital Arnaldo Milián Castro, en la provincia de Villa Clara. Se estudiaron los hallazgos electrocardiográficos y eventos cardiacos adversos durante el ingreso. Se hicieron análisis bivariados para establecer la relación de ambas variables, utilizando el estadígrafo chi cuadrado y el riesgo relativo. Resultados: Los hallazgos electrocardiográficos más frecuentes fueron la inversión de la onda T (#8805; 2mm), depresión del segmento ST y el QT corregido largo mediante la fórmula de Bazzet. El 26,5 por ciento presentaron eventos cardiovasculares adversos. La depresión del segmento ST, el QT largo corregido y la elevación del segmento ST en aVR se asociaron significativamente con eventos adversos intrahospitalarios (p lt; 0,05). Conclusiones: La asociación de la depresión del segmento ST, la elevación del segmento ST en aVR y el QT largo corregido con la ocurrencia de eventos cardiovasculares adversos intrahospitalarios, sugiere que estos hallazgos se pueden tener en cuenta como posibles indicadores de evolución desfavorable en pacientes con infarto agudo de miocardio sin elevación del segmento ST(AU)

Introduction: The frequency of non-ST elevation acute myocardial infarction is on the increase, and so is the number of adverse results in patients with acute ischemic coronary disease. Objective: Identify the electrocardiographic variables associated to the occurrence of adverse cardiovascular events in non-ST elevation acute myocardial infarction. Method: A cross-sectional correlational study was conducted of 68 patients with non-ST elevation acute myocardial infarction cared for at Arnaldo Milián Castro Hospital in the province of Villa Clara. Attention was paid to electrocardiographic findings and adverse cardiac events occurring during the hospital stay. Bivariate analyses were performed to establish the relationship between the two variables, using the chi square statigram and relative risk estimation. Results: The most common electrocardiographic findings were T-wave inversion (#8805; 2 mm), ST depression and long corrected QT by Bazzet's formula. Of the total study subjects 26.5 percent had adverse cardiovascular events. ST depression, long corrected QT and ST elevation in aVR were significantly associated to in-hospital adverse events (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Association of ST depression, ST elevation in aVR and long corrected QT with the occurrence of adverse in-hospital cardiovascular events suggests that these findings may be taken into account as possible indicators of an unfavorable evolution in patients with non-ST elevation acute myocardial infarction(AU)

Ortogonalización de derivaciones de electrocardiograma / Orthogonalization of electrocardiographic derivations

Introducción: El delineador de señales electrocardiográficas (ECG) multiderivación basado en la transformada wavelet posee alta resolución espacial y permite eliminar las diferencias interderivación que aparecen tradicionalmente en los métodos uniderivación. Para esto necesita de derivaciones de señales electrocardiográficas ortogonales entre sí para la obtención de un bucle espacial. Objetivo: Desarrollar métodos de ortogonalización de dos o tres derivaciones de señales electrocardiográficas que permitan la generalización del delineador multiderivación basado en la transformada wavelet en cualquier base de datos señales electrocardiográficas con más de una derivación. Métodos: Se implementaron tres métodos de ortogonalización de derivaciones de señales electrocardiográficas: ortogonalización de dos derivaciones a partir de la proyección de vectores, ortogonalización a partir de componentes principales y ortogonalización a partir del método clásico de Gram-Schmidt. Resultados: Se comparó el funcionamiento del delineador multiderivación de ECG cuando es usado cada método de ortogonalización, mediante el cálculo de la media aritmética y la desviación estándar teniendo en cuenta diferentes combinaciones de derivaciones de ambas bases de datos para cada una de las marcas analizadas. Los mejores resultados se obtuvieron con el método análisis de componentes principales y el peor comportamiento con el método de ortogonalización de dos derivaciones. Conclusiones: Los algoritmos de ortogonalización que obtuvieron los mejores resultados fueron los basados en tres derivaciones ortogonales, en la que fue ligeramente superior la descomposición en componentes principales y, por tanto, se considera el método más adecuado para la generalización del delineador multiderivación(AU)

Introduction: The wavelet transform-based multiderivation electrocardiographic (ECG) signal delineator has high spatial resolution and makes it possible to eliminate interderivation differences traditionally appearing in uniderivation methods. But this requires electrocardiographic signal derivations orthogonal to one another to obtain a spatial loop. Objective: Develop orthogonalization methods of two or three electrographic signal derivations allowing generalization of the wavelet transform-based multiderivation delineator in any electrographic signal database with more than one derivation. Methods: Three orthogonalization methods were implemented for electrocardiographic signal derivations: vector projection-based two-derivation orthogonalization, principal component-based orthogonalization, and orthogonalization based on the Gram-Schmidt classic method. Results: A comparison was performed between the operation of the ECG multiderivation delineator when used with each orthogonalization method. The comparison was based on estimation of the arithmetic mean and standard deviation bearing in mind different combinations of derivations from both databases for each of the marks analyzed. The best results were obtained with the principal component analysis method and the worst ones with the two-derivation orthogonalization method. Conclusions: The orthogonalization algorithms obtaining the best results were those based on three orthogonal derivations, in which decomposition into principal components was slightly higher. This is therefore considered to be the most appropriate method for generalization of the multiderivation delineator(AU)

Parâmetros psicométricos da prova de consciência morfológica derivacional / Psychometric parameters of derivational morphological awareness / Parámetros psicométricos de las pruebas de conciencia morfológica derivacional

A aprendizagem da escrita requer múltiplas habilidades linguístico-cognitivas, entre elas a consciência fonológica e a morfológica. Dada a escassez de instrumentos para avaliar as habilidades morfológicas, o estudo objetivou elaborar e analisar os parâmetros psicométricos de uma prova de consciência morfológica derivacional. Participaram 111 estudantes do 4.º ano do Ensino Fundamental, respondendo provas de consciência morfológica, consciência fonológica e vocabulário. Para a prova de consciência morfológica, foram encontrados índices de fidedignidade adequados em relação à consistência interna (coeficientes alfa de 0,79) e à estabilidade temporal (correlações teste-reteste de 0,81). A evidência de validade foi verificada com bases em variáveis externas, uma vez que foram encontradas correlações moderadas e significativas da prova de consciência morfológica com provas de consciência fonológica e vocabulário. Sugerem-se novos estudos, com participantes diversificados, incluindo comparações com outras variáveis potencialmente relevantes, o que fornecerá outras evidências de validade e precisão da prova de consciência morfológica apresentada. (AU)

Learning how to write requires multiple linguistic-cognitive skills, including phonological and morphological awareness. Given the lack of instruments to assess morphological skills, the aim of this study was to develop and analyze the psychometric parameters of a derivational morphological awareness test. Participants included a total of 111 students attending the 4th grade of elementary school, taking tests of morphological and phonological awareness and vocabulary. Adequate internal consistency reliability coefficients (alpha coefficient equal to 0.79) and temporal stability (test-retest correlation equal to 0.81) were found for the Morphological Awareness test. There is evidence of validity based on external variables, since moderate and significant correlations were found for measures of morphological and phonological awareness and vocabulary. New studies addressing diverse participants, including comparisons with other potentially relevant variables, are suggested to obtain validity and accuracy of the morphological awareness tests presented. (AU)

El aprendizaje de la escritura requiere múltiples habilidades linguísticas-cognitivas, entre ellas la conciencia fonológica y morfológica. Dada la escasez de instrumentos para evaluar las habilidades morfológicas, este estudio trató de elaborar y analizar los parámetros psicométricos de una prueba de conciencia morfológica derivacional. Participaron 111 estudiantes de 4º año de Enseñanza Primaria, respondiendo pruebas de conciencia morfológica, conciencia fonológica y vocabulario. En la prueba de conciencia morfológica se encontraron índices fidedignos adecuados con relación a la consistencia interna (coeficientes Alfa de 0,79) y estabilidad temporal (correlaciones test - retest de 0,81). La evidencia de validez fue verificada con base en variables externas, una vez que fueron encontradas correlaciones moderadas y significativas de la prueba de conciencia morfológica con pruebas de conciencia fonológica y vocabulario. Se recomiendan nuevos estudios, con participantes diversificados, incluyendo comparaciones con otras variables potencialmente relevantes, lo cual proporcionará nuevas evidencias de validez y precisión de la prueba de conciencia morfológica presentada. (AU)

Modelo bioecológico para o autocontrole do consumo de álcool e qualidade de vida no trabalho / Bioecological model for the self-control of alcohol consumption and quality of work life / Modelo bioecológico para el autocontrol del consumo de alcohol y calidad de vida laboral

OBJETIVO: a proposta do estudo foi derivar a "The Ecology of Human Development" para explicar o autocontrole do consumo de álcool e a qualidade da vida profissional a partir da abordagem da enfermagem. MÉTODO: análise e aplicação da metodologia que inclui cinco etapas principais. RESULTADOS: construção do modelo bioecológico para autocontrole do consumo de álcool e qualidade de vida no local de trabalho. CONCLUSÕES: o desenvolvimento do modelo pode favorecer a identificação e geração de campos de ação que sejam úteis na prática dos enfermeiros com base científica para prevenir ou reduzir o consumo de álcool no local de trabalho.

OBJECTIVE: the purpose of the study was to derive "The Ecology of Human Development" to explain the self-control of alcohol consumption and quality of work life from the nursing approach. METHOD: Analysis and application of the methodology which includes five main steps. RESULTS: Bioecological model for self-control of alcohol consumption and quality of life in the workplace. CONCLUSIONS: the development of the model can favor identifying and generating fields of action that are useful in the practice of nurses with a scientific basis to prevent or reduce the consumption of alcohol in the workplace.

OBJETIVO: el propósito del estudio fue derivar "The Ecology of Human Development" para explicar el autocontrol del consumo de alcohol y calidad de vida laboral desde el enfoque de enfermería. MÉTODO: análisis y aplicación de la metodología la cual contempla cinco pasos principales. RESULTADOS: construcción del modelo Bioecológico para el autocontrol del consumo de alcohol y calidad de vida en el área laboral. CONCLUSIONES: el desarrollo del modelo puede favorecer identificar y generar campos de acción que sean útiles en la práctica del enfermero con fundamento científico para prevenir o disminuir el consumo de alcohol en el área laboral.

Tissue Distribution Study On Apocynin Nitrone Derivative AN-1 After Intravenous Administration

Background Apocynin, a main component extracted from the root of Picrorhiza kurroa Royle, was a well-knownNADPH oxidase inhibitor and reported to have effect on lung injury, liver injury, diabetes and asthma. AN-1, anitrone derivative of apocynin, was found to exhibit significant effect on treatment of acute lung injury.Aim In order to carry out further preclinical study, it is important to reveal in vivo disposition of AN-1. A simple andrapid high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed to disclose the tissue distributionbehavior of AN-1 in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats.Methods A HPLC method was developed and validated to measure the concentration of AN-1 in tissue sampleswith carbamazepine as internal standard (IS). The mobile phase consisted of water and methanol (47:53, v/v), theflow rate was 1 mL/min, and an ultraviolet (UV) detector was used at wavelength of 279 nm. The tissue distributionstudy of AN-1 was performed in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats after a single intravenous dose of 40 mg/kg.Results The developed HPLC-UV method was of good specificity, precision (< 4%), accuracy (90-97%) and recovery(88-104%) for analysis of AN-1 in tissue samples of rats. The linear range was established over a concentrationrange 0.2-50 µg/mL (r2 > 0.998) in tissues including heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney and brain. After administration,AN-1 was rapidly distributed in tissues and reached peak concentration with time, which showed a high distribution

Key Points and Strategies of Textual Research in Development of Famous Classical Formulas / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Textual research is the first step, ensuring the safety and effectiveness of the clinical application, and also one of the main bases for determining the research scheme and experimental parameters in the development of famous classical formulas. It involves the origin and historical evolution of the prescription, the main function, the meaning of the prescription, the decoction method, as well as the original part, origin, dosage, processing method of the medicinal materials in the prescription. In view of these points, the author believes that the ancient and modern literature information should be comprehensively and accurately collected according to the standardized procedures and methods, combined with the historical continuation and cross-sectional analysis, in order to ensure the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) famous classical formulas. The research and development plan of famous classical formulas was formulated from the perspectives of TCM theoretical characteristics, formula historical evolution, modern clinical value and practical feasibility. Under the premise of "compliance with the ancients", we should understand the common problems in the process of research and development, such as the origin, processing, dosage and decoction of TCM from the perspective of history and development, so as to widely gather the industry consensus and jointly explore the precious treasure of the famous classical formulas.

Study on polysaccharide content and monosaccharide composition of Polyporus umbellatus from different production areas / 中国中药杂志

In order to provide scientific basics for exploitation and sufficient application of Polyporus umbellatus resources and study the monosaccharide composition of P. umbellatus polysaccharides,the anthrone-sulfuric acid method was applied to compare polysaccharide content of P. umbellatus from 17 producing areas. The monosaccharides were derived by 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone( PMP) and the derivatives were identified by UPLC-MS/MS and the content of each monosaccharide component was determined simultaneously. The results demonstrated that there was a certain difference in total polysaccharide content of P. umbellatus from different regions,and the content of total P. umbellatus polysaccharide from Shaanxi province and Sichuan province( 1. 15% and 1. 90%) was relatively higher than that of others areas. Polysaccharides from P. umbellatus was mainly composed of eight monosaccharides,including glucose,glucuronic acid,galactose,ribose,xylose,arabinose,mannose and fucose. The contents of glucose( 17. 65 mg·g-1) was higher than others. The ribose was the lowest( 0. 13 mg·g-1). In addition,fructose,rhamnose and galacturonic acid were also detected in some samples. Furthermore,the results of cluster analysis( CA) and principal component analysis( PCA) indicated that totally 17 batches of P. umbellatus polysaccharide could be classified into three clusters,samples collected from Wuchang in Heilongjiang province were clustered into one group separately. The study can provide a basis for rational utilization of P. umbellatus resources,and also implies the sequence of monosaccharide linking and pharmacological activity of P. umbellatus polysaccharides.

Pseudoaneurisma de arteria femoral. Reporte de caso / Pseudoaneurysm of the femoral artery. case report

El pseudoaneurisma, como lesión arterial tardía, puede evolucionar en periodos prolongados, encontrándose casos tras décadas del desencadenante, sin embargo, es infrecuente encontrarlo luego de 2 años ya que generalmente se logran identificar y resolver antes de este período. Objetivo: Exponer el caso de un pseudoaneurisma de arteria femoral de 15 años de evolución. Métodos: Paciente masculino, con antecedente traumático por herida por arma de fuego complicado con lesión vascular en miembro inferior izquierdo, quien presentó aumento de volumen progresivo y pulsátil en muslo izquierdo de 15 años de evolución, exacerbándose progresivamente con dolor de fuerte intensidad opresivo al caminar en los últimos 5 meses. Examen Físico: disminución de pulsos tibial posterior y pedio, ausencia de pulso poplíteo y anquilosis de la articulación de la rodilla. Resultados: Pseudoaneurisma de arteria femoral izquierda. Intervención Quirúrgica: Exploración vascular, pseudoaneurismectomía, interposición con injerto autólogo contralateral (vena safena). Conclusión: el pseudoaneurisma de la arteria femoral, como lesión arterial tardía, puede presentarse con un cronocidad tan prolongada, que incluso puede sobrepasar una decada, como lo expone el presente caso(AU)

Pseudoaneurysm, as a late arterial injury, can evolve in such long periods, finding specific cases after decades, however, it is infrequent to find it after 2 years, since it is generally possible to identify and resolve it before this period. Objective: to present the case of a 15-year femoral artery pseudoaneurysm. Methods: Male patient, with history of gun shot wound complicated with vascular injury in left lower limb 15 years ago, who had a progressive and pulsating volume increase in the left thigh and intense oppresive pain when walking in the last 5 months. Physical Examination: decreased posterior and pedial tibial pulses, absence of popliteal pulse and ankylosis of knee joint. Results: left femoral artery pseudoaneurysm. Surgical Intervention: Conventional Approach: vascular exploration + pseudoaneurysmectomy + interposition with contralaterial autologous graft (safena vein). Conclusion: the pseudoaneurysm of the femoral artery, as a late arterial injury, can present with such a long chronology, that it can even exceed a decade, as exposed in the present case(AU)

Airway management through submental derivation: a safe and easily reproduced alternative for patients with complex facial trauma

OBJECTIVES: Airway management in patients with panfacial trauma is complicated. In addition to involving facial lesions, such trauma compromises the airway, and the use of intermaxillary fixation makes it difficult to secure ventilation by usual approaches (nasotracheal or endotracheal intubation). Submental airway derivation is an alternative to tracheostomy and nasotracheal intubation, allowing a permeable airway with minimal complications in complex patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a descriptive, retrospective study based on a review of medical records of all patients with facial trauma from January 2003 to May 2015. In total, 31 patients with complex factures requiring submental airway derivation were included. No complications such as bleeding, infection, vascular, glandular, or nervous lesions were presented in any of the patients. RESULTS: The use of submental airway derivation is a simple, safe, and easy method to ensure airway management. Moreover, it allows an easier reconstruction. CONCLUSION: Based on these results, we concluded that, if the relevant steps are followed, the use of submental intubation in the treatment of patients with complex facial trauma is a safe and effective option.

Determination of Aflatoxin B1 in Edible Vegetable Oil by HPLC with Post-column Derivation / 中国药师

Objective:To establish an HPLC method with post-column derivation for the determination of aflatoxin B1 in edible vegetable oil. Methods:An advanced biotechnology-immunoaffinity column was used for the extraction of aflatoxin Bl from the samples, and an HPLC method with post-column derivation was applied to detect aflatoxin Bl in edible vegetable oil, and the results were com-pared with those of the national standard thin layer fluorescence method. Results:The linear range of aflatoxin Bl was 10. 2-51. 0 ng · ml-1(r=0. 9996), the average recovery was 87. 3%(RSD=0. 96%, n=6), and the detection limit was 1 μg · kg-1. Conclu-sion:The method is simple, rapid and sensitive, which can be used as a promoted conventional method for the detection of a large number of samples.

Content Determination of L-Hyp and Collagen in 3 kinds of Gelatinous Chinese Medicines by Pre-column Derivation-HPLC / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To establish the method for the content determination of L-Hyp and collagen in gelatinous medicinal material,and to compare the contents of two components in reference medicinal material and commercially available medicinal material.METHODS:Pre-column derivatization was adopted for pretreatment.The content of L-Hyp was determined by HPLC.The determination was performed on Kromasil C18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.1 mol/L sodium acetate buffer (pH 6.5,7 ∶ 93,V/V)-acetonitrile-water (4 ∶ 1,V/V) (gradient elution) at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min.The detection wavelength was set at 254 urn,and column temperature was set at 43 ℃.The sample size was 20 μL.The content of collagen was calculated by using convert coefficient.RESULTS:The linear range of L-Hyp were 2.5-40 μg/mL(r=0.999 9).LOQ was 0.20 μg/mL,and LOD was 0.05 t g/mL.RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were all lower than 4.0％.The recoveries were 96.03％-102.07％ (RSD =2.20％,n =9).There was difference in the contents of L-Hyp and collagen among 28 batches of commercially available medicinal material.The contents of two components in 13 batches of commercially available Colla Corii Asini were relative close to reference medicinal material;5 batches of Colla Carapacis et Plastri Testudinis and 7 batches of Cervi Comus Colla were much higher than those of reference medicinal material.CONCLUSIONS:The method is accurate,reliable and suitable for the content determination of L-Hyp and collagen in gelatinous medicinal material.

Content Determination of L-Hyp and Collagen in 3 kinds of Gelatinous Chinese Medicines by Pre-column Derivation-HPLC / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To establish the method for the content determination of L-Hyp and collagen in gelatinous medicinal material,and to compare the contents of two components in reference medicinal material and commercially available medicinal material.METHODS:Pre-column derivatization was adopted for pretreatment.The content of L-Hyp was determined by HPLC.The determination was performed on Kromasil C18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.1 mol/L sodium acetate buffer (pH 6.5,7 ∶ 93,V/V)-acetonitrile-water (4 ∶ 1,V/V) (gradient elution) at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min.The detection wavelength was set at 254 urn,and column temperature was set at 43 ℃.The sample size was 20 μL.The content of collagen was calculated by using convert coefficient.RESULTS:The linear range of L-Hyp were 2.5-40 μg/mL(r=0.999 9).LOQ was 0.20 μg/mL,and LOD was 0.05 t g/mL.RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were all lower than 4.0％.The recoveries were 96.03％-102.07％ (RSD =2.20％,n =9).There was difference in the contents of L-Hyp and collagen among 28 batches of commercially available medicinal material.The contents of two components in 13 batches of commercially available Colla Corii Asini were relative close to reference medicinal material;5 batches of Colla Carapacis et Plastri Testudinis and 7 batches of Cervi Comus Colla were much higher than those of reference medicinal material.CONCLUSIONS:The method is accurate,reliable and suitable for the content determination of L-Hyp and collagen in gelatinous medicinal material.

Teoría de situación específica de autotrascendencia en dependientes del alcohol en proceso de recuperación / Theory of the Specific Situation of Self-transcendence in Persons Recovering from Alcohol Dependence / Teoria de situação específica de autotranscendência em dependentes do álcool em processo de recuperação

La creación de modelos y teorías de enfermería, enfocadas en fenómenos específicos, contribuye a la práctica y el desarrollo de la disciplina de enfermería. Objetivo: presentar una derivación teórica y proponer un modelo sobre la teoría de autotrascendencia en personas dependientes del alcohol en proceso de recuperación. Materiales y métodos: se realizó una derivación teórica mediante la metodología propuesta por Walker y Avant. Resultados: adaptación del Modelo de Autotrascendencia en personas dependientes del alcohol en proceso de recuperación en Alcohólicos Anónimos. Conclusiones: el modelo puede ser útil para explicar cómo las personas dependientes del alcohol, que se encuentran en tratamiento, logran el bienestar y cuáles son los factores que influyen durante el proceso.

The creation of nursing models and theories focused on specific phenomena contributes to the practice and development of the discipline of nursing. Objective: The purpose of this study is to present a theoretical derivation and propose a model on the theory of self-transcendence in persons recovering from alcohol dependence. Materials and methods: A theoretical derivation was done using the method proposed by Walker and Avant. Results: Adaption of the self-transcendence model in alcohol-dependent persons who are involved in a recovery process as part of Alcoholics Anonymous. Conclusions: The model can be useful in explaining how alcohol dependent persons, who are in treatment, achieve well-being and what are the influencing factors during the process.

A criação de modelos e teorias de enfermagem enfocados em fenómenos específicos contribui para a prática e desenvolvimento da disciplina de enfermagem. Objetivo: apresentar uma derivação teórica e propor um modelo sobre a Teoria de Autotranscendência em pessoas dependentes do álcool em processo de recuperação. Materiais e métodos: realizou-se uma derivação teórica mediante a metodologia proposta por Walker e Avant. Resultados: adaptação do Modelo de Autotranscendência em pessoas dependentes do álcool em processo de recuperação em Alcóolicos Anônimos. Conclusões: o modelo pode ser útil para explicar como as pessoas dependentes do álcool, que se encontram em tratamento, atingem o bem-estar e quais são os fatores que influenciam durante o processo.

Content Comparison of 18 Amino Acids in Plancenta Histolysate Determined by Post-column Derivatization Cation-exchange Chromatography and Pre-column Derivatization HPLC / 中国药师

Objective:To compare the content differences of 18 amino acids in plancenta histolysate determined by pre-column de-rivatization HPLC and post-column derivatization cation-exchange chromatography ( AARO) . Methods: The HPLC method was per-formed on a C18 column and 2, 4-dinitro chlorobenzene ( DNCB) was used for pre-column derivatization, and then the determination was carried out after adding 0. 1 mol·L-1 borax buffer (pH=9. 1), and the AARO method was used for the direct determination with a strong acid cation-exchange chromatographic column and post-column derivatization. Results: The RSD for reproducibility of the AARO method was 1. 84%-0. 91%, while that of the HPLC method was 1. 87%-1. 04%. Conclusion:Both AARO method and HPLC method can be used for the quantitative determination of 18 amino acids in plancenta histolysate with the similar results. However, pre-column derivatization HPLC method may cause incomplete derivatization and instable derivatives.

Study on the Separation of Ketoprofen Enantiomer by Pre-column Derivation RP-HPLC / 中国药师

Objective:To establish a method for the separation and determination of ketoprofen enantiomer .Methods:A pre-col-umn derivation RP-HPLC method was used with L-alanine-β-naphthylamine ( L-Ala-β-NA) as the derivation reagent .The RP-HPLC conditions were as follows: a Hypersil ODS-2 column (250 mm ×4.6 mm,5 μm) was applied, the mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.025 mol· L-1 phosphate buffer solution (40∶60, v/v) and the flow rate was 1.0 ml· min-1 , the detection wavelength was set at 245 nm and the column temperature was 25℃.The injection volume was 10μl.Results:Base line separation was achieved for the sep-aration of enantiomer from ketoprofen , and the retention time for S-(+) -ketoprofen and the R-(-) -ketoprofen was 24.2 min and 26.0 min, respectively.Dexketoprofen within the range of 0.025-0.125 mg had a good linear relationship (r=0.998 1) and the aver-age recovery was 90.93%(RSD =4.10%, n=9 ).Conclusion:The method is simple, accurate and reliable, which can be applied in the separation and determination of ketoprofen .

Content Determination of Hyodeoxycholic Acid in Artificial Calculus Bovis by Pre-Column Derivatization HPLC-UV Method / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To establish a pre-column derivation HPLC-UV method for the content determination of hyodeoxycholic acid in artificial calculus bovis. Methods The hyodeoxycholic acid was derived by 2-bromo-2’-acetonaphthoneat using triethylamine as the catalyst in 60 ℃ water bath. After that, a HPLC-UV method was established to determine the content of hyodeoxycholic acid in artificial calculus bovis. Results When the derivatising time at 60 ℃ water bath was 50 min, the radio of the molar amount of derived reagents and hyodeoxycholic was over 20:1 and the radio of catalyst and hyodeoxycholic was over 15:1; the reaction was completed. The calibration curve was linear within the range of 0.1–2 μg for hyodeoxycholic acid (r=0.999 7), and the average recovery was 97.85% (RSD=1.6%). In this sample, the content of hyodeoxycholic is 4.12%. Conclusion The method is with high sensitivity, highly reproducible, reliable and accurate for the content determination of hyodeoxycholic acid in artificial calculus bovis.