Association between screen use at night, food consumption at dinner, and evening snack in schoolchildren aged 7 to 14 years with and without overweight, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil / Associação entre o uso de tela no período noturno e consumo alimentar no jantar e lanche da noite em escolares de 7 a 14 anos com e sem sobrepeso, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil

ABSTRACT Objective Analyze the association between screen use at night, food consumption at dinner, and evening snack in schoolchildren with and without overweight. Methods Cross-sectional study with a probabilistic sample of 1396 schoolchildren from 7 to 14 years of age from public and private schools of Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Dietary intake and frequency of screen use of the previous day were obtained through the questionnaire Consumo Alimentar e Atividades Físicas de Escolares (Food Consumption and Physical Activities of Schoolchildren). The association between screen use at night (exposure) and consumption of food groups (outcome) according to weight status was assessed using multivariate logistic regression. Results At dinner, schoolchildren without overweight who used screens once had a lower chance of consuming fruits and vegetables (OR: 0.62, p=0.017) compared to those who did not use screens. In addition, those who used screens twice were more likely to consume sweets (OR: 2.01, p=0.002), and screen use three times or more was inversely associated with beans (OR: 0.24, p=0.003) and meat, eggs, and seafood (OR: 0.35, p=0.011) consumption. Overweight schoolchildren who used screens three times or more were more likely to consume ultra-processed foods and pizza/hamburger/hot dogs (OR: 2.51, p=0.009). For the evening snack, it was observed that schoolchildren without overweight who used screens three times or more had a greater chance of consuming ultra-processed foods and pizza/hamburger/hot dogs (OR: 8.26; p=0.016). Conclusion Overweight and non-overweight schoolchildren who used screens were more likely to consume ultra-processed foods. Schoolchildren without overweight and who use screens more often at night are less likely to consume healthy foods.

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar a associação entre o uso de dispositivo de tela no período noturno, o consumo alimentar no jantar e lanche da noite em escolares com e sem sobrepeso. Métodos Estudo transversal com uma amostra probabilística de 1.396 escolares de 7 a 14 anos de idade de escolas públicas e privadas de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil. O consumo alimentar e a frequência de uso de dispositivos de telas do dia anterior foram obtidas por meio do questionário Consumo Alimentar e Atividades Físicas de Escolares. A associação entre o uso de dispositivo de tela no período noturno (exposição) e o consumo alimentar (desfecho) foi verificada por meio de regressão logística. Resultados No jantar, os escolares sem sobrepeso que utilizaram dispositivo de tela uma vez tiveram menor chance de consumir frutas, verduras e legumes (OR: 0,62, p=0,017) comparado com aqueles que não usaram dispositivos de telas. Além disso, aqueles que usaram dispositivo de tela duas vezes, tiveram maior chance de consumir doces (OR: 2,01, p=0,002) e a utilização de dispositivo de tela três vezes ou mais foi inversamente associado ao consumo de feijão (OR: 0,24, p=0.003), carnes, ovos e peixes (OR: 0,35, p=0,011). Os escolares com sobrepeso que utilizaram dispositivo de tela três vezes ou mais tiveram maior chance de consumirem ultraprocessados e lanches tipo pizza/hambúrguer/cachorro-quente (OR: 2,51, p=0,009). No lanche da noite, observou-se que os escolares sem sobrepeso que utilizaram dispositivo de tela três vezes ou mais, tiveram maior chance de consumir ultraprocessados e lanches (OR: 8,26; p=0,016). Conclusão Os escolares com e sem sobrepeso que utilizaram dispositivo de tela tiveram mais chances de consumir alimentos ultraprocessados. Os escolares sem sobrepeso que utilizam dispositivo de tela mais vezes a noite possuem menor chance de consumir alimentos saudáveis.

Characteristics of Nocturnal Gastroesophageal Reflux and its Influencing Factors in Patients With GERD / 胃肠病学

Background:Nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux (nGER)is associated with severe complication of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD),such as esophagitis,esophageal stricture and Barrett's esophagus,and has certain effect on quality of life. Aims:To study the characteristics of nGER and its influencing factor in patients with GERD. Methods:GERD patients with typical reflux symptoms (heartburn or/ and regurgitation)and nGER confirmed by MII-pH monitoring were included. Effects of gender,age,BMI,DBI on nGER were analyzed. Results:In 130 patients with GERD,97 (74. 6%)had nGER. Of the 97 patients with nGER,only 18 (18. 6%)patients complained nocturnal heartburn or/ and regurgitation. During nocturnal period,female and elderly GERD patients had delayed bolus clearance time. Percentage of time with pH < 4 and acid reflux of GERD patients with BMI≥25 kg/ m2 were significantly higher than patients with normal BMI. Nocturnal acid reflux was much lower in patients with DBI≥2. 5 hours than patients with DBI < 2. 5 hours. The weakly acidic reflux could significantly decrease along with the getting longer of DBI. Conclusions:nGER is prevalent in GERD patients,and weakly acidic reflux is the leading type,however,only a small part of patients having nocturnal reflux symptom. The female and elderly GERD patients have delayed bolus clearance time during nocturnal period. BMI≥25 kg/m2 is associated with nGER. DBI≥2. 5 hours could significantly reduce acid reflux during nocturnal period. DBI should be as long as possible for reducing weakly acidic reflux.

Characteristics of Nocturnal Gastroesophageal Reflux and its Influencing Factors in Patients With GERD / 胃肠病学

Background:Nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux (nGER)is associated with severe complication of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD),such as esophagitis,esophageal stricture and Barrett's esophagus,and has certain effect on quality of life. Aims:To study the characteristics of nGER and its influencing factor in patients with GERD. Methods:GERD patients with typical reflux symptoms (heartburn or/ and regurgitation)and nGER confirmed by MII-pH monitoring were included. Effects of gender,age,BMI,DBI on nGER were analyzed. Results:In 130 patients with GERD,97 (74. 6%)had nGER. Of the 97 patients with nGER,only 18 (18. 6%)patients complained nocturnal heartburn or/ and regurgitation. During nocturnal period,female and elderly GERD patients had delayed bolus clearance time. Percentage of time with pH < 4 and acid reflux of GERD patients with BMI≥25 kg/ m2 were significantly higher than patients with normal BMI. Nocturnal acid reflux was much lower in patients with DBI≥2. 5 hours than patients with DBI < 2. 5 hours. The weakly acidic reflux could significantly decrease along with the getting longer of DBI. Conclusions:nGER is prevalent in GERD patients,and weakly acidic reflux is the leading type,however,only a small part of patients having nocturnal reflux symptom. The female and elderly GERD patients have delayed bolus clearance time during nocturnal period. BMI≥25 kg/m2 is associated with nGER. DBI≥2. 5 hours could significantly reduce acid reflux during nocturnal period. DBI should be as long as possible for reducing weakly acidic reflux.

Má alimentação: fator que influencia na aprendizagem de crianças de uma escola pública / Poor feeding: a factor that impairs the learning abilities of children from a public school

A sociedade brasileira é resultante da conjugação de fatores econômicos, sociais e culturais que podem influenciar na miséria e, consequentemente, na desnutrição, ocasionando déficit na aprendizagem do escolar. Objetivou-se investigar a influênica da má alimentação nas crianças de uma escola da rede pública sobre a aprendizagem do escolar. Pesquisa descritiva, exploratória, realizada em uma Escola Pública -Fortaleza - CE, com seis professoras da Educação Infantil. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se a observação simples e a entrevista semi-estruturada, emergindo categorias após análise dos dados: Desnutrição na criança escolar; Buscando maximizar relações; Alimentação interferindo na aprendizagem e Merenda escolar uma utopia. Observou-se que as crianças desnutridas ou com carência alimentar possuem dificuldades de assimilação e que a fome dificulta a capacidade de concentração comprometendo o rendimento.Conclui-se que a política educacional brasileira necessita de mudanças no que se refere à alimentação das crianças em idade escolar.

The Brazilian society is the result of the interplay of economical,social and cultural factors that may lead to miseryand malnutrition, with consequent impairment of schoollearning. We investigated the influence of poor feedingof pupils from a public school on their learning performance.This study was a descriptive exploratory researchundertaken in a public school of Fortaleza, CE, Brazil,with six teachers of childhood education. Data collectionwas through simple observation and a semi-structuredinterview, with the production of the following categoriesafter data analysis: malnutrition in schoolchildren;seeking to maximize relations; feeding interfering withlearning; and school dinner, a utopia. Malnourished orpoorly nourished children found it difficult to assimilatecontent. Hunger was found to reduce concentration andimpair school performance. The Brazilian educationalpolicy needs changing as far as the feeding of schoolchildrenis concerned.

RESEARCH ON DETECTABILITY OF HUANKAI COLIFORM BACTERIA DETECTIVE PLATE FOR DINNER AND DRINKING SETS / 微生物学通报

Based on the counting results from nutrition agar in our study, and compared with another two kinds of coliform bacteria detective plates for dinner and drinking sets which were provided by two manufactures and inspected by China National Health Bureau , we accomplished the detectability test of the Huankai coliform bacteria plates. In our study, 3kinds of cell density were adopted: 10cells/mL, 50cells/mL and 100cells/mL . The results shew that the detectability of Huankai plates basically conformed with that of nutrition agar , and was no evident difference from that of another two kinds of plates. The conclusions were that Huankai plates can completely be used in the inspection and test for conform bacteria.