The clinical study of the correlation between different types of hemorrhage transformation and serum uric acid in patients with acute cerebral infarction / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective:To investigate the relationship between different types of hemorrhagic transformation and serum uric acid in patients with acute cerebral infarction.Methods:The clinical data of 365 patients with acute cerebral infarction in Jinhua Central Hospital of Zhejiang Province from June 2018 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical data and the serum uric acid level at the time of admission were recorded, and the occurrences of hemorrhagic infarction (HI) and cerebral parenchymal hematoma (PH) were counted. The risk factors of HI and PH in patients with acute cerebral infarction were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression analysis.Results:Among 365 patients, 328 cases had no hemorrhagic transformation (control group); 37 cases (10.1%) had hemorrhagic transformation, with 20 cases of HI (HI group) and 17 cases of PH (PH group). The uric acid in PH group was significantly lower than that in control group and HI group: (243.59 ± 61.49) μmol/L vs. (307.84 ± 80.12) and (305.45 ± 94.99) μmol/L, and there was statistical difference ( P<0.05); there was no statistical difference in uric acid between control group and HI group ( P>0.05). The patients was divided into 3 groups according to the tertiles of serum uric acid, uric acid ≤ 264.9 μmol/L was in 121 cases (Ⅰ group), 265.0 to 338.8 μmol/L was in 122 cases (Ⅱ group) and ≥338.9 μmol/L was in 122 cases (Ⅲ group). The rate of PH in Ⅲ group was significantly lower than that in Ⅰ group: 0.8% (1/122) vs. 8.3% (10/121), and there was statistical difference ( P<0.05). Taking patients without hemorrhage transformation as a reference, multivariate Logistic regression analysis result showed that diabetes, atrial fibrillation and large-area infarction were independent risk factors of HI in patients with acute cerebral infarction ( P<0.01); the age, large-area cerebral infarction, thrombolytic therapy, platelet count and uric acid were independent risk factors of PH in patients with acute cerebral infarction ( P<0.05 or <0.01). Conclusions:In patients with acute cerebral infarction, higher serum uric acid is independently correlated with lower PH, and has no correlation with HI. Serum uric acid level has certain value in predicting PH.

Intracerebral Hemorrhagic Infarction after Cranioplasty in a Patient with Sinking Skin Flap Syndrome / 대한신경손상학회지

The sinking skin flap syndrome (SSFS) is a rare complication after a large craniectomy. Hemorrhage infarction after a cranioplasty is a very rare complication with only 4 cases to date. We report a case of the patient who underwent an autologous cranioplasty to treat SSFS that developed intracerebral hemorrhage infarction. A 20-year-old male was admitted to our emergency department with stuporous mentality. Emergent decompressive craniectomy (DC) have done. He had suffered from SSFS and fever of unknown origin (FUO) since DC. After 7 months of craniectomy, cranioplasty was done. After 1 day of surgery, acute infarction with hemorrhagic transformation involved left cerebral hemisphere. We controlled increased intracranial pressure by using osmotic diuretics, steroid and antiepileptic drugs. After 14 day of surgery, he improved neurological symptoms and he had not any more hyperthermia. Among several complication of large cranioplasty only 4 cases of intracerebral hemorrhagic infarction due to reperfusion injury has been reported. In this case, unstable autoregulation system made brain hypoxic damage and then reperfusion and recanalization of cerebral vessels resulted in intracerebral hemorrhagic infarction. 7 month long FUO was resolved by cranioplasty.

Isolated Cortical Vein Thrombosis with Long Cord Sign

Isolated cortical vein thrombosis (ICVT) is a rare disease, accounting for less than 1% of strokes. A 46-year-old woman presented with progressive left side weakness. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with T2*-gradient echo (T2*-GE) sequence showed long cord sign at the right frontal cortex. The patient was treated with low molecular weight heparin, followed by oral warfarin for 6 months. The 3-month follow-up MR imaging showed recanalization of the previously thrombosed cortical vein. She was completely recovered without neurological deficits after 6 months. This provides that MR imaging with T2*-GE sequence can help to diagnosis the ICVT and outcomes of the ICVT are generally favorable.

The clinical characteristics analysis of 48 cases with hemorrhagic transformation after acute cerebral infarction / 重庆医学

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics for patients with hemorrhagic transformation(HT) after acute cere‐bral infarction .Methods In this study ,retrospective analysis was performed for 48 patients HT ,which were classified as HI(n=45 ,93 .8% ) ,HI‐1(n=27) ,HI‐2(n=18);PH(n=3 ,6 .3% ) ,PH‐1(n=2) ,PH‐2(n=1) .PH‐2 admission NIHSS score was signifi‐cantly higher than other types of HT .CT scans and MRT were carried out ,infarction area were defined so that we could choose dif‐ferent treatments .Results The total cases with hemorrhage time within 1 -2 weeks after infarction was 28(58 .3% ) ,while 14 (29 .2% )occured within 1 week .The relationship between HT location and infarction area:25 cases(52 .1% ) occurred cerebral lobe infarction ,for which hemorrhage lesion was located in cortex and(or) subcortical;11 cases (22 .9% ) occurred deep brain parenchy‐ma infarction ,for which hemorrhagic lesion was located inside or on the edge of infarcts;8 cases were lobes and deep infarction ,3 cases were cerebellar infarction ,1 case was brain stem infarction ,all of the hemorrhagic lesion was inside the infarcts .The relation‐ship between HT and infarct size:31 cases(64 .6% ) occured secondary to large area acute cerebral infarction ,14 cases(29 .2% ) oc‐cured secondary to small area of cerebral infarction ,3 cases(6 .3% ) occured secondary to lacunar infarction .Hemorrhage of the HI patients was in the cortex and the subcortical white matter ,with shapes of deep brain dot ,patchy ,funicular or gyrus .Hematoma was formed in cerebral infarction for PH patients ,which mainly located in basal ganglia .Conclusion The HT occurrence is closely relat‐ed to the infarction area and size .Patients with Large area and cerebral lobe infarction have high opportunity for complication of HT .HT usually occurs within 1-2 weeks after cerebral infarction ,during which brain CT or MRI should be routinely reexamined .

Clinical Characteristics of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis in a Single Center in Korea

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical characteristics of cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) in a single center in Korea. METHODS: A total of 36 patients were diagnosed with CVT from August 2005 to May 2013. The patient data regarding age, sex, disease stage, pathogenesis, location, laboratory findings, radiological findings, and treatment modalities were retrospectively collected. The results were compared with those of previous studies in other countries. RESULTS: The patient group comprised 21 men and 15 women with a mean age of 46.9 years (ranging from three months to 77 years). The most common cause was a prothrombotic condition (8 patients, 22.2%). Within the patient group, 13 patients (36.1%) had a hemorrhagic infarction, whereas 23 (63.9%) had a venous infarction without hemorrhage. By location, the incidence of hemorrhagic infarction was the highest in the group with a transverse and/or sigmoid sinus thrombosis (n=9); however, the proportion of hemorrhagic infarction was higher in the cortical venous thrombosis group (75%) and the deep venous thrombosis group (100%). By pathogenesis, the incidence of hemorrhagic infarction was the highest in the prothrombotic group (n=6), which was statistically significant (p=0.016). CONCLUSION: According to this study, CVT was more prevalent in men, and the peak age group comprised patients in the sixth decade. The most common cause was a prothrombotic condition. This finding was comparable with reports from Europe or America, in which CVT was more common in younger women. Hemorrhagic infarction was more common in the prothrombotic group (p=0.016) than in the non-prothrombotic group in this study.

Clinical effect observation of rehabilitation therapy for hemorrhagic in-farction patients / 中国现代医生

Objective To observe the effect of rehabilitation therapy on functional recovery in patients with hemorrhagic infarction. Methods A total of 35 patients with hemorrhagic infarction were chosen as the study group, while 35 pa-tients with pure large-area cerebral infarction were chosen as the control group. The training were began after both groups vital signs were stable and nervous system signs were not progressing. Fugl-Meyer Motor Assessment Scale (FMA) was used to assess the motor function and Modified Barthel Index (MBI) was used to assess the activity of daily living (ADL).The two groups were respectively assessed before the treatment and after one-month treatment, using the statistic software to analyze the differences. Results There was no significant difference between the control group and the study group pre-treatment, but the differences were significant after one-month treatment in two groups (P<0.01), and more significant in the hemorrhagic infarction group(P<0.05). Conclusion Rehabilitation therapy could significantly improve the motor function and the ADL of hemiplegic patients with hemorrhagic infarction, and it is more significant than the patients with pure large-area cerebral infarction.

Síndrome de Bonnet-Wybur-Mason: dos polos de un espectro / The Bonnet-Wyburn-Mason syndrome: two poles of one spectrum

Se comunican los casos de dos pacientes con síndrome de Bonnet, Wyburn-Mason en quienes existía un aneurisma cirsoide de la retina de diferente grado de desarrollo. En uno, el cuadro oftalmoscópico era obvio; en tanto que en el otro la manisfestación fundamental era una tortuosidad vascular acentuada y en quien solo la angiografía fluoresceínica del fondo ocular mostró sutiles cambios compatibles con una malformación arteriovenosa localizada. Otro elemento inusual en el comportamiento de este tipo de malformaciones fue la asociación a una coartación de la aorta torácica y multiples anomalías esqueléticas sencillas, así como la obstrucción de un segmento muy desarrollado de la malformación arteriovenosa con infarto hemorrágico retiniano e involución posterior de parte de ella

We communicate the cases of two patients with syndrome of Bonnet, Wyburn-Mason who had cirsoide aneurysms of the retina of differnt degrees of development. In one, the ophthalmoscopic picture was obvious, while on the other, The primary manifestation was a marked vascular tortuosity and in which only the ocular fundus fluorescein angiography showed subtle changes consistent with a located arteriovenous malformation. Another unusual element in the behavior of this type of malformations was a coarctation of the thoracic aorta and multiple skeletal anomalies simple associated, as well as the obstruction of a highly developed portion of the retinal arteriovenous malformation with hemorrhagic infarction and consecutive involution of part of it

Hemorrhagic Infarction of the Small Intestine due to Transmesenteric Hernia in an Adolescent: A Case Report / 대한법의학회지

Transmesenteric hernia is so infrequent that sudden unexpected death due to this condition is a very rare occurrence. Because the disease usually occurs in pediatric populations, it is a very rarely observed in adolescents or adults. We report an autopsy case of transmesenteric hernia diagnosed postmortem in an 18-year-old boy who died suddenly after complaining of acute abdominal pains with nausea. Physical examinations, simple abdominal radiographs, and abdominal CT scans failed to provide a clear diagnosis of the illness for 37 h in the hospital. At autopsy, a small round defect of the small bowel mesentery was found, through which a long segment of the small intestine herniated, accompanied by hemorrhagic infarction induced by strangulation obstruction. We would like to present and review this rare autopsy case with medicolegal viewpoints.

Bilateral Multiple Intracerebral Hemorrhagic Infarction after Cranioplasty in a Patient with Cerebral Infarction: Case Report / 대한뇌혈관외과학회지

Bilateral multiple intracranial hemorrhagic infarction after cranioplasty is an extremely rare complication. We present a case of a bilateral multiple intracranial hemorrhagic infarction following cranioplasty with an autologous bone graft. A 63-year-old woman had a previous decompressive craniectomy after a right middle cerebral artery infarction. The possible pathogenesis of the complication is discussed.

Expression of neuroglobin after focal cerebral ischemia and its neuroprotective effect / 第二军医大学学报

Objective: To study the expression of neuroglobin (Ngb) in rat cerebral ischemia model and the neuroprotective effect of Ngb after ischemia and hypoxia. Methods: Totally 113 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) group, hemorrhagic infarction (HI) group and hemin treatment group. The brain water content, infarcted tissue volume, neuropathologic changes (H-E staining) and expression of Ngb (immunocytochemical staining) were examined 3, 6, 12, and 24 h after model establishment. Results: The brain water contents and the infarcted tissue volumes in the hemin treatment group were significantly different from those of the MCAO group and HI group (P<0.01). The brain edema was obviously increased in HI group at 12 h. Neuropathologic examination showed that there were fewer necrotic neurons, milder edema and stronger Ngb expression in the Hemin treatment group than in the MCAO group and HI group. Immunocytochemical staining showed that the Ngb positive neurons in Hemin treatment group were more than those in the MCAO and HI groups. Conclusion: Earlier peak of brain edema may lead to aggravation of disease. Hemin-induced Ngb expression may relieve brain damage during focal cerebral ischemia.

A Case of Acute Adrenal Insufficiency with Bilateral Adrenal Hemorrhagic Infarction due to Ebstein-Barr Virus Infection in a Patient with Asymptomatic Chronic Adrenal Insufficiency / 대한내분비학회지

Acute adrenal insufficiency may result from adrenal crisis, hemorrhagic destruction, or the rapid withdrawal of steroids from patient with chronic steroid medication, congenital adrenal hyperplasia or those on other drugs. Acute hemorrhagic destruction of both adrenal glands can occur due to infection, trauma, anticoagulant therapy, antiphospholipid syndrome or a coagulation disorder. However, there have been no reports on acute hemorrhagic adrenal insufficiency due to the Ebstein-Barr virus (EBV). Herein, a case of acute adrenal insufficiency, with bilateral adrenal hemorrhagic infarction, is reported in a patient with asymptomatic chronic adrenal insufficiency. A 42-year-old man presented with general weakness, weight loss and hyperpigmentation of several months duration. He suffered from a sore throat, general myalgia and a headache on admission. The laboratory findings were lymphocytosis, positive EBV IgM antibody, low cortisol level and a high level of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Adrenocortical autoantibody and PCR for Mycobacterium tuberculosis showed negative findings. The serologic findings for CMV and HIV were negative. Fine needle aspiration of the adrenal gland revealed a hemorrhagic infarction and positive staining for the anti-EBV antibody. Acute adrenal insufficiency was then diagnosed with a bilateral adrenal hemorrhagic infarction due to the EBV infection in the patient, also with asymptomatic chronic adrenal insufficiency. This is the first case of acute adrenal insufficiency with bilateral hemorrhagic infarction, due to an EBV infection

Analysis of cerebral hemorrhagic infarction and relative factors in acute ischemic stroke / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo analyze cerebral hemorrhagic infarction (HI) and relative factors with the database of Standard Stroke Registry (SSR).Methods1 487 consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke admitted within 3 days after onset were analyzed with SSR.ResultsHI was observed in 11% of patients, of whom 51% were diagnosed as having cardiogenic embolism. In patients with supratentorial infarction of cardiac origin, 28% had HI (mild 67%, moderate 23, hematoma 10%). On multiple logistic regression analysis, independent factors related with HI were found to be age, prosthetic cardiac valve and NIHSS scores at admission. Patients with more severe HI were associated with a poorer outcome at discharge. Clinical outcome tended to be better in patients receiving thrombolytic agents than in those without receiving agents, while the incidence of HI was slightly more frequent in the former.Conclusion It is confirmed that the SSR database is useful for understanding and analyzing the status of stroke diagnosis and management throughout the nation, and revisions are needed in some formats.

Expression of neuroglobin after focal cerebral ischemia and its neuroprotective effect / 第二军医大学学报

Objective:To study the expression of neuroglobin (Ngb) in rat cerebral ischemia model and the neuroprotective effect of Ngb after ischemia and hypoxia. Methods: Totally 113 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) group, hemorrhagic infarction (HI) group and hemin treatment group. The brain water content, infarcted tissue volume, neuropathologic changes (H-E staining) and expression of Ngb (immunocytochemical staining) were examined 3, 6, 12, and 24 h after model establishment. Results: The brain water contents and the infarcted tissue volumes in the hemin treatment group were significantly different from those of the MCAO group and HI group (P

Clinical and CT Analysis of Hemorrhagic Infarction / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To study the relationship between CT and clinic in hemorrhagic infarction . Methods CT findings in 43 cases with hemorrhagic infarction were retrospectively analyzed ,including 30 males and 13 females and aged 26～72 years (mean 51 years) . Most cases had hypertension , headache or/and vomiting . 29 cases were followed up with CT scan after clinical treatment . Results Most cerebral infarction occurred in middle cerebral artery or their branches . On plain CT scans , the lesion appeared as sector , triangular or irregular area of low density in which presented high density lesions of patch and plaque. Conclusion CT is the first diagnostic method for hemorrhagic infarction . CT follow-up can help to observe the treatment result and to evaluate the prognosis of this disease.

A Postoperative Venous Hemorrhagic Infarction of Cerebellopontine Angle Tumor:1 Cases

The authors present a case of cerebrellar venous hemorrhagic infarction which developed after removal of a cerebellopontine angle meningioma. The clinical course was rapidly fatal inspite of an aggressive management including surgical decompression beginning from 30 minutes after complete recovery from anesthesia. The brain C-T scan showed flame-shaped subcortical hemorrhage which is known to be a typical finding of a venous hemorrhagic infarction. The causes may be two fold:One is the cautrization and resection of multiple petrosal veins which were inevitable because of a bleeding from the vein and the other is the venous congestion caused by the compression of an internal jugular vein in oblique supine position. Reminding of one or oth of the above possibilities whenever we are performing surgery around the superior petrosal vein may help us to prevent the rare but fatal complication of this kind.

MR Finding in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

In an effort to determine the value of the magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH), we compared MR findings with CT findings in 34 patients of aneurysmal SAH who taken MRI either preoperatively or postoperatively. MRI was taken in 8 patients and postoperatively in 31 patients. Preoperative abnormal MR findings were cisternal space obliteration(in one case), subacute hematoma in cisternal space(in one case), and visualization of turbulent signal void of aneurysm(in 3 cases). In 31 patients, MRI was taken postoperatively without any problem in spite of their intracranial aneurysm clip(in 9 patients among them, MRI was taken in high(2.0T) magnetic field). And characteristic MR artifact, with sausage shaped central low signal and surrounding high signal in T2WI, appeared in postoperative MRI scans. Their dimension were about 2+4cm in T2WI axial and T2WI sagittal scans. Findings of infarction were detected in 3 cases in both MRI scans and CT scans which were taken within 3dyas interval, postoperatively 1 in total 9 cases. But findings of the hemorrhagic infarction(3 cases) and subacute hemorrhage(2 cases) were detected only in MRI scans.

A Case of Puerperal Cerebral Hemorrhagic Infarction with Venoue Thrombosis

A case of puerperal cerebral hemorrhagic infarction with venous thrombosis in a 36-year-old female is reported. Brain CT scan showed an isodensity area surrounded by ill-defind low density medially in the right frontal lobe, and the most anterior portion of superior sagittal sinus and its draining veins were prominent, but draining veins in the frontal high convexity were not filled in the venous phase of the right carotid angiogram. Osteoplastic craniotomy on the right frontal area was performed to remove the lesion which was mistakenly understood as a mass. Abnormal brain parenchyma was excised from the right frontal subcortical region. Microscopic and pathological evaluation confirmed the diagnosis of hemorrhagic infarction due to venous thrombosis.