Assistência pré-natal às usuárias de substâncias psicoativas: dificuldades elencadas pelos profissionais da saúde / Prenatal care for users of psychoactive substances: difficulties listed by health professionals / Atención prenatal a consumidoras de sustancias psicoactivas: dificultades mencionadas por los profesionales de la salud

Objetivo: conhecer as dificuldades elencadas pelos profissionais de saúde na assistência pré-natal às usuárias de substâncias psicoativas. Método: estudo qualitativo, exploratório-descritivo, realizado nas mídias sociais, com profissionais da área da saúde que realizam atendimento pré-natal. A coleta de dados ocorreu de novembro de 2022 a janeiro de 2023 por meio de questionário eletrônico. Os dados foram analisados por meio da análise temática. Protocolo aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados: os profissionais destacam o déficit de conhecimento para abordar este público em específico. A abordagem superficial e condenatória do uso de substâncias pelas políticas públicas corrobora para que os profissionais se sintam preparados em parte para atender essas gestantes. Considerações finais: a capacitação dos profissionais é necessária para superar práticas condenatórias e retrógradas de cuidado que focam unicamente a abstinência; como também, o investimento na capacitação acerca da rede de atenção à saúde, buscando ampliar sua visibilidade e utilização.

Objective: understanding the difficulties listed by health professionals in prenatal care for users of psychoactive substances. Method: this is a qualitative, exploratory-descriptive study carried out on social media with health professionals who provide prenatal care. Data was collected from November 2022 to January 2023 using an electronic questionnaire. The data was analyzed using thematic analysis. Protocol approved by the Research Ethics Committee. Results: the professionals highlight the lack of knowledge to deal with this specific public. The superficial and condemnatory approach to substance use by public policies contributes to making professionals feel partly prepared to deal with these pregnant women. Final considerations: the training of professionals is necessary to overcome condemnatory and retrograde care practices that focus solely on abstinence; and investment in training about the health care network, seeking to increase its visibility and use.

Objetivo: conocer las dificultades mencionadas por los profesionales de la salud en la atención prenatal de las consumidoras de sustancias psicoactivas. Método: estudio cualitativo, exploratorio-descriptivo, realizado en redes sociales, con profesionales de la salud que brindan atención prenatal. La recolección de datos se llevó a cabo de noviembre de 2022 a enero de 2023 a través de un cuestionario electrónico. Los datos se analizaron mediante análisis temático. El protocolo fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación. Resultados: los profesionales destacan que les falta el conocimiento para atender a este público específico. El abordaje superficial y condenatorio del consumo de sustancias por parte de las políticas públicas contribuye a que los profesionales se sientan parcialmente preparados para atender a esas gestantes. Consideraciones finales: es necesario capacitar a los profesionales para superar las prácticas asistenciales condenatorias y retrógradas que se centran únicamente en evitar el consumo; e invertir en capacitación sobre la red de atención de salud, para ampliar su visibilidad y uso.

Percepção do vínculo parental e variáveis associadas ao apego materno-fetal na gestação de alto risco

Este estudo investigou os efeitos da percepção do vínculo parental, variáveis sociodemográficas e gestacionais na intensidade do apego materno-fetal (AMF) no contexto de gestação de alto risco. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo e transversal com 119 participantes. Foi aplicado um questionário sociodemográfico, a Escala de Apego Materno-Fetal - Versão Breve e o Parental Bonding Instrument. Os resultados da análise de regressão linear múltipla foram estatisticamente significativos (p < 0,05). O modelo final explicou 28,7 % da variância do AMF e foi composto pelas variáveis de superproteção paterna, cuidado paterno, idade da mulher, idade gestacional e suporte do pai do bebê. Reitera-se que a intensidade do AMF é multideterminada, envolvendo aspectos da história de vida, sociais e situacionais. A percepção da mulher acerca do vínculo paterno durante sua infância e adolescência e o apoio do pai do bebê no período gestacional destacam-se como fatores influentes para a vinculação materno-fetal, indicando a importância do envolvimento paterno ao longo do ciclo vital. São pontuadas implicações para a prática profissional, bem como limitações e recomendações de estudos futuros.

Este estudio investigó los efectos de la percepción del vínculo parental, las variables sociodemográficas y gestacionales en la intensidad del apego materno-fetal (AMF) en el contexto de embarazos de alto riesgo. Se trata de un estudio cuantitativo y transversal con 119 participantes. Se aplicó un cuestionario sociodemográfico, la Escala de Apego Materno-Fetal-Versión Breve y el Instrumento de Vínculo Parental. Los resultados del análisis de regresión lineal múltiple fueron estadísticamente significativos (p < .05). El modelo final explicó el 28.7 % de la varianza del AMF y estuvo compuesto por las variables de sobreprotección paterna, cuidado paterno, edad de la mujer, edad gestacional y apoyo del padre del bebé. Se reitera que la intensidad del AMF es multideterminada, lo que involucra aspectos de la historia de vida, sociales y situacionales. La percepción de la mujer sobre el vínculo paternal durante su infancia y adolescencia, así como el apoyo del padre del bebé durante el período gestacional, destacan como factores influyentes en el apego materno-fetal, lo que indica la importancia de la participación paterna a lo largo del ciclo vital. Se puntualizan implicaciones para la práctica profesional, así como limitaciones y recomendaciones para estudios futuros.

This study investigated the effects of perceived parental bonding, sociodemographic and gestational variables on the intensity of maternal-fetal attachment (MFA) in the context of high-risk pregnancies. This is a quantitative, cross-sectional study involving 119 participants. A sociodemographic questionnaire, the Maternal-Fetal Attachment Scale-Brief Version, and the Parental Bonding Instrument were administered. The results of the multiple linear regression analysis were statistically significant (p < .05). The final model explained 28.7 % of the variance in MFA and included the variables of paternal overprotection, paternal care, maternal age, gestational age, and the support from the baby's father. We emphasize that MFA intensity is multidetermined, involving aspects of life history, social, and situational factors. The woman's perception of paternal bonding during her childhood and adolescence, as well as the support from the baby's father during the gestational period, are highlighted as influential factors for maternal-fetal attachment, indicating the importance of paternal involvement throughout the life cycle. Implications for professional practice, as well as limitations and recommendations for future studies are discussed.

Prognostic significance of cerebro-placental ratio in predicting perinatal

Background: Cerebro-placental ratio (CPR), measured by Ultrasound Doppler velocimetry in pregnancy, has gained much attention in recent years as an important tool in predicting perinatal outcomes. The study aimed to calculate the cerebro-placental ratio and correlateit with perinatal outcome in terms of intrapartum fetal heart variation, meconium staining of liquor, mode of delivery, Apgar score at birth, and NICU admissions.Methods: It was hospital-based prospective cross-sectional study on 119 pregnant women with high-risk pregnancies. All women had doppler velocimetry ultrasound, and cerebro-placental ration was calculated. Perinatal outcome was noted in terms of FHR variability in labor, Meconium staining of liquor, Apgar score and need for NICU admission.Results: Out of the total of 119 women, 88 women had CPR >1.08 and 31 women had CPR of <1.08. Meconium staining of liquor, low Apgar score, and NICU admission was mound in significantly more babies with low CPR.Conclusions: CPR has a good prognostic value in predicting many adverse perinatal outcomes.

Successful management of complete heart block in pregnancy

This case report presents a comprehensive account of effectively managing complete heart block (CHB) in a pregnant patient with prior cardiac surgery. At 36 weeks of gestation, the team opted for an elective caesarean delivery, necessitating the insertion of a temporary pacemaker. The multidisciplinary collaboration, involving obstetricians, cardiologist, and anaesthetist, played a pivotal role in ensuring a secure delivery. The report delves into the intricacies of addressing acquired CHB during pregnancy, emphasizing the scarcity of established protocols and the need for further research in this domain. Physiological changes in pregnancy, potential complications, and pacing recommendations are discussed. The success of this case underscores the significance of meticulous planning, risk stratification, and multidisciplinary approach in managing bradycardia during high-risk pregnancies. Overall, the report provides valuable insights into navigating the complexities of acquired CHB in pregnancy, advocating for enhanced screening, early recognition, and collaborative efforts among specialists.

Sentimentos da mulher frente a gestação de alto risco / Sentimientos de la mujer frente al embarazo de alto riesgo / Women's feelings facing High-Risk pregnancy

Resumo Introdução: A gestação configura-se como um acontecimento único e memorável para a vida de uma mulher. A gravidez de alto risco é uma experiência estressante em razão dos riscos a que estão submetidos a mãe e o bebê e devido às mudanças que afetam negativamente o seu equilíbrio emocional. Objetivo: Identificar os sentimentos vivenciados pela gestante frente à gravidez de alto risco. Método: Descritivo e exploratório com abordagem qualitativa, com amostra por conveniência composta por mulheres com gestação de alto risco, selecionadas de acordo com a disponibilidade do serviço de internamento, até a saturação das entrevistas. A coleta dos dados foi realizada em um período de dois meses através de entrevistas guiadas por um roteiro. Os dados foram analisados por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo segundo Minayo. Resultados: Fizeram parte 37 mulheres. Os resultados foram oeganizados nas categorias: Como se deu o diagnóstico de alto risco; Sentimentos ao descobrir que a gestação é/era de risco; Sentimentos em relação ao apoio familiar acerca da gestação de alto risco. Os sentimentos relatados pelas gestantes e puérperas que conviveram com a gravidez de alto risco, deixam evidentes os impactos que este evento traz não somente na saúde física sobretudo para a emocional, deixando as gestantes fragilizadas. Conclusão: Assim, o estudo nos permitiu perceber que os sentimentos vivenciados nesse processo podem interfir na vida dessas mulheres, e de forma negativa. Mas, que apesar dessa situação, estas expressam sentimentos ambíguos, pois mesmo com o risco gestacional, muitas mostram-se felizes pela dádiva de ser mãe.

Resumen Introducción: El embarazo se considera un evento único y memorable en la vida de una mujer. El embarazo de alto riesgo es una experiencia estresante debido a los riesgos a los que están expuestas tanto la madre como su bebé y a los cambios que afectan negativamente su equilibrio emocional. Objetivo: Identificar los sentimientos experimentados por las mujeres embarazadas frente a un embarazo de alto riesgo. Metodología: Descriptivo y exploratorio con enfoque cualitativo, con una muestra a conveniencia compuesta por mujeres con embarazos de alto riesgo, seleccionadas según la disponibilidad del servicio de hospitalización, hasta la saturación de las entrevistas. La recopilación de datos se llevó a cabo durante un período de dos meses a través de entrevistas guiadas. Los datos fueron analizados utilizando la técnica de análisis de contenido según Minayo. Resultados: Participaron 37 mujeres y los resultados se organizaron en las siguientes categorías: cómo se realizó el diagnóstico de alto riesgo; sentimientos al descubrir que el embarazo era de riesgo; sentimientos con respecto al apoyo familiar en relación con el embarazo de alto riesgo. Los sentimientos relatados por las mujeres embarazadas y posparto que vivieron un embarazo de alto riesgo evidencian los impactos que tiene este evento no solo en la salud física sino, especialmente, en el bienestar emocional, pues deja a las mujeres embarazadas en un estado de vulnerabilidad. Conclusión: El estudio nos permitió darnos cuenta de que los sentimientos experimentados en este proceso pueden interferir en la vida de estas mujeres de manera negativa. Sin embargo, a pesar de esta situación, muchas de ellas expresan sentimientos ambiguos, porque, incluso con el riesgo gestacional, están agradecidas por el regalo de la maternidad.

Abstract Introduction: Pregnancy is considered a unique and memorable event in a woman's life. High-risk pregnancy is a stressful experience due to the risks to which the mother and the baby are exposed, and due to the changes that negatively affect their emotional balance. Objective: To identify the feelings experienced by pregnant women facing high-risk pregnancy. Method: Descriptive and exploratory, employing a qualitative approach, the study featured a convenience sample of women with high-risk pregnancies, selected based on inpatient service availability, until interview saturation was achieved. Data collection was conducted over a two-month period through scripted interviews. Data analysis was performed utilizing Minayo's content analysis technique. Results: Thirty-seven women participated in the study. The results were categorized as follows: How the high-risk diagnosis was determined; Feelings upon discovering the pregnancy was high-risk; Feelings regarding family support regarding the high-risk pregnancy. The feelings reported by pregnant and postpartum women who experienced high-risk pregnancies clearly reveal the impacts this event has, not only on physical health, but especially on emotional well-being, leaving the pregnant women in a vulnerable state. Conclusion: The study allowed us to realize that the feelings experienced in this process can negatively interfere in the lives of these women. However, despite this situation, many of them express mixed feelings, because even with the gestational risk, they are grateful for the gift of motherhood.

Partos y cesáreas en edad de riesgo en hospitales del Maule desde 2017 a 2021 / Births and cesarean sections at risk age in Maule hospitals from 2017 to 2021

Pregnancy, despite being a physiological process, can lead to morbidity and mortality, which is increased at risk ages, defined as younger or equal to15 years and older or equal to 35 years. For an adequate approach it is necessary to know the local reality of the population, therefore, the objective of this study is to describe and analyze the discharges of births and cesarean sections at risk age in the Maule Region from 2017 to 2021 using the database collected from the Biostatistics Unit of the Maule Health Service, which includes the hospitals of the region. Within the observed period, a total of 30,599 deliveries and cesarean sections were studied, being these a total of 5,581 at risk age, of which 0.65% corresponds to women younger or equal to 15 years and 17.57% to women older or equal to 35 years. There is a downward tendency in births in general, mostly evidenced in less or equal to 15 years, and on the contrary, a rise in births and cesarean sections of more or equal to 35 years, differing with the statistics at the country level. The tendency of increasing maternal age of pregnancies in the Maule region and its consequences are a fundamental factor when planning new public policies, so we consider it of vital importance to promote research and update the evidence, with a focus on the local population.

El embarazo a pesar de ser un proceso fisiológico puede conllevar morbimortalidad, la cual se acrecienta en edades de riesgo, definida como menor o igual a 15 años y mayor o igual a 35 años. Para el adecuado enfrentamiento se necesita conocer la realidad local, por ello, el objetivo de este estudio es describir y analizar los egresos de partos y cesáreas en edad de riesgo en la Región del Maule desde el año 2017 a 2021 utilizando la base de datos recogida desde la Unidad de Bioestadística del Servicio de Salud Maule, la cual incluye los hospitales de la región. Dentro del periodo observado se estudió un total de 30.599 partos y cesáreas, siendo estos un total de 5.581 en edad de riesgo, de los cuales 0.65% corresponde a mujeres menores o igual a 15 años y 17.57% a mujeres mayores o igual a 35 años. Existe una tendencia a la baja de los nacimientos en general, mayormente evidenciado en menores o igual a 15 años, y por el contrario, un alza en los partos y cesáreas de mayores o igual a 35 años, difiriendo con las estadísticas a nivel país. El aumento de la edad materna de los embarazos en la región del Maule y sus consecuencias son un factor fundamental a la hora de planificar nuevas políticas públicas, por lo que consideramos de vital importancia promover la realización de investigaciones y actualización de la evidencia sobre el tema, con un enfoque en la población local.

Prevención de la preeclampsia: desde la dieta hasta la aspirina: revisión de la literatura / Prevention of preeclampsia: from diet to aspirin: review of the literature

Introducción y objetivo: Explorar las estrategias de prevención de la preeclampsia que se han propuesto a lo largo de la historia. Método: Revisión narrativa de la literatura sobre la evidencia científica histórica disponible entre 2016 y 2023 acerca de la aspirina y otras estrategias de prevención de la preeclampsia, en bases de datos bibliográficas computarizadas de estudios publicados en revistas indexadas. Resultados: Varios estudios confirman la efectividad de la aspirina para prevenir la preeclampsia en población de alto riesgo, siendo un medicamento con bajo riesgo de complicaciones, con mayor evidencia de efectividad si se inicia antes de las 16 semanas de gestación y con un aparente efecto dependiente de la dosis. Intervenciones como la disminución del consumo de sal, el reposo en cama, la suplementación con ácidos grasos, antioxidantes, L-arginina, zinc o magnesio, y el uso de diuréticos o de inhibidores de la bomba de protones, no han mostrado su utilidad en la prevención de la preeclampsia. Conclusiones: La aspirina a dosis baja es un medicamento seguro en el embarazo y efectivo para prevenir la preeclampsia en población de alto riesgo. Es la estrategia de prevención más ampliamente estudiada a lo largo de la historia para la disfunción endotelial durante la gestación.

Introduction and objective: To explore the different prevention strategies for preeclampsia that have been proposed throughout the history. Method: A narrative review of the historical, scientific evidence available between 2016 and 2021 on aspirin and other preeclampsia prevention strategies in computerized bibliographic databases of studies published in indexed journals. Results: Several studies confirm the effectiveness of aspirin to prevent preterm preeclampsia in high-risk populations, considering this as a safe drug with low risk of complications, with greater evidence of effectiveness when started before 16 weeks of gestation and apparently with a dose-dependent effect. Interventions such as reducing salt intake, bed rest, supplementation with fatty acids, antioxidants, L-arginine, zinc, magnesium, the use of diuretics or proton pump inhibitors have not shown its usefulness in the prevention of high risk preeclampsia patients. Conclusions: Low-dose aspirin is a safe drug in pregnancy and is effective to prevent preeclampsia in high-risk populations. Is the most widely studied throughout history prevention strategy for endothelial dysfunction during pregnancy.

Características clínicas y epidemiológicas de embarazadas y puérperas con covid-19 ingresadas en cuidados intensivos

Introducción: La infección por el virus SARS-CoV-2 se ha convertido en una pandemia que ha ocasionado gran número de complicaciones y suele ser fatal para embarazadas y puérperas. Objetivo: Describir las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de embarazadas y puérperas con covid-19 ingresadas en cuidados intensivos. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo, de corte transversal, de 56 embarazadas y puérperas con diagnóstico confirmado de covid-19, ingresadas en el Servicio de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital Provincial Docente Dr. Joaquín Castillo Duany de Santiago de Cuba durante el 2021. Las variables analizadas fueron la edad, los antecedentes personales, la causa de ingreso, el estado al egreso y la principal causa de muerte. A tal efecto, se calcularon las frecuencias, los porcentajes y la tasa de letalidad. Resultados: Hubo predominio de las gestantes en todos los grupos de edades (58,9 %) en relación con las puérperas (41,1 %), principalmente en el grupo etario de 31-35 años (30,3 %). La hipertensión arterial resultó ser la comorbilidad más frecuente con 71,4 y 28,6 %, para embarazadas y puérperas, respectivamente; en tanto, 66,6 % de las primeras y 33,3 % de las segundas fueron ingresadas por neumonía. Todas las embarazadas egresaron vivas y 7 puérperas fallecieron. La tasa de letalidad fue de 12,5 y el síndrome de disfunción multiorgánica apareció en 57,2 % de las afectadas. Conclusiones: La hipertensión arterial fue la comorbilidad más frecuente, la neumonía viral, el principal diagnóstico al ingreso y el síndrome de disfunción multiorgánica, la primera causa directa de muerte.

Introduction: Infection due to SARS-CoV-2 virus has become a pandemic that has caused great number of complications and is usually fatal for pregnant and newly-delivered women. Objective: To describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of pregnant and newly-delivered women with Covid-19 admitted to intensive care units. Methods: An observational descriptive, cross-sectional study of 56 pregnant and newly-delivered women with confirmed diagnosis of Covid-19 was carried out; they were admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of Dr. Joaquín Castillo Duany Teaching Provincial Hospital in Santiago de Cuba during 2021. The analyzed variables were age, past health history, cause of admission, state when discharged from the institution and the main cause of death. For this purpose, the frequencies, percentages and case fatality rate were calculated. Results: There was a prevalence of pregnant women in all the age groups (58.9%) relative to the newly-delivered women (41.1%), mainly in the 31- 35 age group (30.3%). Hypertension was the most frequent comorbidity with 71.4 and 28.6%, for pregnant and newly-delivered women, respectively; as long as, 66.6% of the first ones and 33.3% of the second ones were admitted due to pneumonia. All the pregnant women were discharged alive and 7 newly-delivered women died. Case fatality rate was 12.5 and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome appeared in 57.2% of those affected. Conclusions: Hypertension was the most frequent comorbidity, viral pneumonia was the main admission diagnosis and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, the first direct cause of death.

O benefício da atividade/exercício físico regular na gestação de alto risco: uma revisão bibliométrica / The benefits of regular physical activity/exercise in high-risk pregnancies: a bibliometric review / Los beneficios de la actividad física/ejercicio regular en el embarazo de alto riesgo: una revisión bibliométrica

Objetivo: quantificar e analisar as principais características da produção científica sobre o benefício da atividade/ exercício físico durante a gestação de alto risco entre os anos de 2013 e 2023. Método: trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, do tipo bibliométrico, cuja proposta principal é analisar a produção científica através da observação quantitativa das publicações, desenvolvendo indicadores estatísticos confiáveis para determinada temática estudada. Resultados: foram analisados 316 artigos. Observou-se que o maior número de publicações sobre o tema foram realizadas no ano de 2022 com 51 (16,13%) artigos, seguido do ano de 2021 com 38 (12%) artigos e 2020 com 37 (11,7%) artigos publicados, o que corresponde a uma taxa de crescimento anual de publicação de 4,62%. Conclusão: os estudos precisam continuar sendo desenvolvidos para que as recomendações sejam constantemente atualizadas e contribuindo para a qualidade de vida materno infantil.

Objective: to quantify and analyze the main characteristics of scientific production on the benefits of physical activity/exercise during high-risk pregnancies between 2013 and 2023. Method: this is a quantitative bibliometric study, the main purpose of which is to analyze scientific production through the quantitative observation of publications, developing reliable statistical indicators for a given subject. Results: 316 articles were analyzed. It was observed that the largest number of publications on the subject were made in 2022 with 51 (16.13%) articles, followed by 2021 with 38 (12%) articles and 2020 with 37 (11.7%) articles published, which corresponds to an annual publication growth rate of 4.62%. pregnancies over the years. Conclusion: studies need to continue to be developed so that recommendations are constantly updated and contribute to maternal and child quality of life.

Objetivo: cuantificar y analizar las principales características de la producción científica sobre los beneficios de la actividad física/ejercicio durante los embarazos de alto riesgo entre 2013 y 2023. Metodo: se trata de un estudio bibliométrico cuantitativo, cuyo objetivo principal es analizar la producción científica a través de la observación cuantitativa de las publicaciones, desarrollando indi-cadores estadísticos fiables para un tema determinado. Resultados: se analizaron 316 artículos. Se observó que el mayor número de publicaciones sobre el tema se realizó en 2022 con 51 (16,13%) artículos, seguido de 2021 con 38 (12%) artículos y 2020 con 37 (11,7%) artículos publicados, lo que corresponde a una tasa de crecimiento anual de publicación de 4,62%. Conclusión: es necesario continuar desarrollando estudios para que las recomendaciones sean constantemente actualizadas y contribuyan para la calidad de vida materna e infantil.

Factors associated with the absence of postpartum consultations in a high-risk population

Abstract Objective: To assess the rate of missed postpartum appointments at a referral center for high-risk pregnancy and compare puerperal women who did and did not attend these appointments to identify related factors. Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study with all women scheduled for postpartum consultations at a high-risk obstetrics service in 2018. The variables selected to compare women were personal, obstetric, and perinatal. The variables of interest were obtained from the hospital's electronic medical records. Statistical analyses were performed using the Chi-square, Fisher's exact, or Mann-Whitney tests. For the variable of the interbirth interval, a receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to best discriminate whether or not patients attended the postpartum consultation. The significance level for the statistical tests was 5%. Results: A total of 1,629 women scheduled for postpartum consultations in 2018 were included. The rate of missing the postpartum consultation was 34.8%. A shorter interbirth interval (p = 0.039), previous use of psychoactive substances (p = 0.027), current or former smoking (p = 0.003), and multiparity (p < 0.001) were associated with non-attendance. Conclusion: This study showed a high rate of postpartum appointment non-attendance. This is particularly relevant because it was demonstrated in a high-risk obstetric service linked to clinical severity or social vulnerability cases. This highlights the need for new approaches to puerperal women before hospital discharge and new tools to increase adherence to postpartum consultations, especially for multiparous women.

Edad materna avanzada: complicaciones más frecuentes en el Hospital Regional de Talca / Advanced maternal age: most frequent complications in Talca's Regional Hospital

Professional development, the search for economic stability and personal fulfillment have been some of the reasons why an increasing number of women have decided to delay pregnancy beyond the third decade of life. By definition, a pregnancy of advanced maternal age is considered to be those over 35 years of age, and it is known that this age group faces a higher risk of complications during pregnancy, intrapartum and postpartum, in addition to perinatal morbidity and mortality that is usually associated with chromosomal abnormalities. In Chile, pregnancies over 35 years of age or late pregnant women have increased significantly in recent decades, however there are no statistical data at a local level. The objective of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of pregnancies of advanced maternal age and their most frequent complications in the Maule Region with data obtained between 2017 - 2022 at the Regional Hospital of Talca (RHT).

Hígado graso agudo del embarazo en una adulta joven / Acute fatty liver of pregnancy in a young adult woman i: en

Se presenta el caso clínico de una gestante de 20 años de edad, quien acudió al Cuerpo de Guardia del bloque materno del Hospital General Docente Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso de Santiago de Cuba por presentar decaimiento, náuseas y malestar general. Durante la exploración física se encontró piel sudorosa y fría, taquicardia e ictericia. Se realizaron diversos exámenes complementarios y se constató alteración hepática, así como cifras bajas de glucemia. Se diagnosticó hígado graso agudo del embarazo. Luego de varios días de hospitalizada con una evolución desfavorable, hasta llegar al estado crítico, la paciente falleció por síndrome de disfunción multiorgánica.

The case report of a 20 years pregnant woman is presented, who went to the maternal block emergency room of Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso Teaching General Hospital in Santiago de Cuba due to run-down, nausea and diffuse discomfort. During the physical exploration sweaty and cold skin, tachycardia and jaundice were found. Diverse complementary exams were carried out and a hepatic disorder was verified, as well as low figures of glycemia. Acute fatty liver of pregnancy was diagnosed. After several days hospitalized with an unfavorable clinical course until getting to the critical state, the patient died due to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.

COVID-19 e o ciclo gravídico-puerperal: uma revisão narrativa / COVID-19 and the pregnancy cycle: a narrative review

Até este momento da pandemia de COVID-19, embora as gestantes não tenham maior risco de se infectar do que a população geral, elas têm maiores riscos de desenvolver formas graves e demandar cuidados de UTI e ventilação invasiva, so- bretudo aquelas que apresentam comorbidades. No Brasil, a mortalidade materna por COVID-19 está entre as mais elevadas do mundo. A transmissão vertical do SARS-CoV-2 parece ser um evento raro, e até o momento não se observou aumento da ocorrência de abortos e malformações. Entretanto, a COVID-19 está associada a elevadas taxas de prematuridade, baixo peso ao nascer e admissão em UTI neona- tal. Em adaptação a esse novo cenário, são indicados cuidados especiais durante o ciclo gravídico-puerperal, sendo útil destacar: o espaço crescente da telemedicina no pré-natal; a não obrigatoriedade da realização de cesariana em caso de gestan- te infectada no momento do parto e a liberação da amamentação pelas puérperas com COVID-19.

Effect of COVID-19 pandemic on maternal and child health care in a medical teaching hospital, Bengaluru, India

Background: Maternal and child health (MCH) care is a fundamental service of the public health delivery system of a nation, especially in low and middle-income countries like India. As the Covid-19 pandemic continued throughout the world, the health services such as maternal and child health (MCH) remained in inertia. Stringent lockdown measures and fear of contracting Covid-19 infection made accessing these services extremely hard. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care maternity hospital in Bengaluru from July to September 2021 among the post-natal mothers using a semi-structured questionnaire about the utilization of MCH services. Results: A total of 316 mothers were interviewed. Among them, 72.8% mothers had completed 4 or more antenatal visits. Among high-risk pregnancies, only 66.3% had completed adequate antenatal visits. 63% of infants had low birth weight and 83.4% of children were immunized up to date. Conclusions: This study revealed that, more than 1/4th of mothers had not completed 4 or more antenatal visits and about 1/3rd of the high-risk mothers had not completed adequate antenatal visits. More than 2/3rd of infants had low birth weight. This shows that there was a marked reduction in the utilization of MCH services during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Evaluation of non-stress test as predictor of perinatal outcome in high risk and low risk pregnancy: a prospective study

Background: NST is simple, cheap, non-harmful, easily repeated, and cost effective with low maintenance profile. NST is a very effective method to investigating the intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), late pregnancy, premature birth, multiple pregnancy, Rh sensitivity, diabetes, liver disease, decreased bowel movements, oligohydramnios etc. Objectives were to evaluate the efficacy and role of antenatal NST in improving perinatal outcome in high-risk pregnancies.Methods: This prospective study was done among 100 pregnant women (group A: high risk pregnancy, n=50, group B: low risk pregnancy, n=50). Nonstress test was done for 20 minutes if the test was inconclusive or nonreactive. It was continued for another 20 minutes extended CTG. Fetal stimulation was also done. The NST done before onset of labour was used as reference. Interpretation if NST tracings was done according to ACOG guideline.Results: Around 58% participants of high-risk group and 82% of low-risk group had ‘reactive’ and NST tracings respectively. Almost 36% participants of high-risk group and 16% of low-risk group were delivered baby by LSCS method. Around 24% participants of high-risk group and 10% of low-risk group had meconium-stained amniotic fluid. Around 66% babies of participants of high-risk group and 24% of low-risk group were admitted in NICU. The mean birth weight of babies of high-risk group participants was 2.52 kg and of low-risk group participants was 2.85 kg.Conclusions: Present study reveals significant difference between reactive and nonreactive NST in terms of Apgar scores and NICU admissions in both the groups. Hence judicious use of NST will certainly help in timely identification of at-risk fetuses thereby avoiding unnecessary delay in intervention.

Evaluation of non-stress test as predictor of perinatal outcome in high risk and low risk pregnancy: a prospective study

Background: NST is simple, cheap, non-harmful, easily repeated, and cost effective with low maintenance profile. NST is a very effective method to investigating the intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), late pregnancy, premature birth, multiple pregnancy, Rh sensitivity, diabetes, liver disease, decreased bowel movements, oligohydramnios etc. Objectives were to evaluate the efficacy and role of antenatal NST in improving perinatal outcome in high-risk pregnancies.Methods: This prospective study was done among 100 pregnant women (group A: high risk pregnancy, n=50, group B: low risk pregnancy, n=50). Nonstress test was done for 20 minutes if the test was inconclusive or nonreactive. It was continued for another 20 minutes extended CTG. Fetal stimulation was also done. The NST done before onset of labour was used as reference. Interpretation if NST tracings was done according to ACOG guideline.Results: Around 58% participants of high-risk group and 82% of low-risk group had ‘reactive’ and NST tracings respectively. Almost 36% participants of high-risk group and 16% of low-risk group were delivered baby by LSCS method. Around 24% participants of high-risk group and 10% of low-risk group had meconium-stained amniotic fluid. Around 66% babies of participants of high-risk group and 24% of low-risk group were admitted in NICU. The mean birth weight of babies of high-risk group participants was 2.52 kg and of low-risk group participants was 2.85 kg.Conclusions: Present study reveals significant difference between reactive and nonreactive NST in terms of Apgar scores and NICU admissions in both the groups. Hence judicious use of NST will certainly help in timely identification of at-risk fetuses thereby avoiding unnecessary delay in intervention.

Expectant management for a high-risk pregnancy patient who had preterm premature rupture of membranes with placenta and vasa praevia plus velamintous cord insertion

Objective of the study was to share a case of high risk pregnancy with premature preterm rupture of membranes (PPROM), placenta and vasa praevia plus velamintous cord insertion. PPROM carries the risk of increasing rates of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, neonatal brain prematurity, and electrolyte imbalance. Having placenta previa and vasa praevia carries a significant risk of recurrent bleeding and increases the risk of making the pregnancy threatened by the antepartum haemorrhage with the chance of losing the baby and subsequent morbidities and mortalities to the mother and the baby. The velamentous cord insertion is linked to decreased foetal growth and premature births. Herein, we present the case of 28 years old that had multiple risk factors during her pregnancy in the form of having multiple miscarriages, stillbirth, PPROM early at 20 weeks of her gestation, placenta praevia, vasa praevia and velamentous cord insertion. Moreover, despite the above risk factors, which made the pregnancy very high risk, by expectant and management plans, we could push her pregnancy to reach near maturity and deliver her baby safely without complications either to the mother or to her baby. It could be theoretically imagined that the placenta praevia worked as a sealed system or a valve and prevented more leakage of the liquor in this PPROM case. Besides that, we can consider that the cervical stitch she had at 14 weeks, had a role in narrowing the cervical canal and decreasing the diameter of the membrane that has ruptured.

Concordance analysis between noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) and prenatal karyotyping for detecting fetal aneuploidies / Análisis de concordancia entre la prueba prenatal no invasiva (NIPT)y el cariotipo prenatal para la detección de aneuploidías fetales

Abstract Introduction: Noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) is a screening test for fetal aneuploidy with higher specificity and sensibility rates compared to traditional biochemical prenatal screening. Objective: To evaluate concordance between NIPT and prenatal karyotyping testing for detecting fetal aneuploidies in pregnancies with high risk of such disorders. Materials and methods: Prospective pilot study conducted between September 2019 and December 2020 in 20 pregnant patients classified as high risk of aneuploidy based on ultrasound findings and treated in Bogotá and Medellín, Colombia. Each patient underwent a confirmatory invasive test (karyotyping) and a NIPT and an invasive confirmatory test (prenatal karyotyping). Concordance between both methods was determined using Cohen's kappa coefficient (significance level p<0.05), where values >0.7 were considered as a good level of agreement. Results: Aneuploidies were detected in 3 of the 20 pregnancies (15%) by means of invasive cytogenetic testing, namely, trisomy 21, trisomy 18, and monosomy X. NIPT detected the trisomy 21 and monosomy X cases but failed to detect trisomy 18. Regarding the concordance analysis between NIPT and prenatal karyotype testing in the detection of aneuploidies, Cohen's kappa coefficient was 0.77. As for their concordance for the detection of trisomy 21 and X monosomy, Cohen's kappa coefficient was 1.0, while it was 0 for the detection of trisomy 18. In addition, NIPT detected 67% of aneuploidies. Conclusion: The results of this study, the first of its kind to be conducted in Colombia, showed good concordance between NIPT and prenatal invasive testing (karyotyping) for detecting fetal aneuploidies. However, the results obtained stress the recommendation of using NIPT only as a screening test and not as a diagnostic test.

Resumen Introducción. La prueba prenatal no invasiva (NIPT, por su sigla en inglés) es una prueba de tamización de aneuploidías fetales con una mayor sensibilidad y especificidad que la tamización bioquímica prenatal tradicional. Objetivo. Evaluar la concordancia entre la NIPT y el cariotipo prenatal para la detección de aneuploidías fetales en embarazos de alto riesgo de dichas anomalías. Materiales y métodos. Estudio piloto prospectivo realizado entre septiembre de 2019 y diciembre de 2020 en 20 pacientes con gestaciones clasificadas como de alto riesgo para aneuploidías fetales con base en los hallazgos ecográficos y atendidas en Bogotá y Medellín, Colombia. A cada paciente se le realizó una NIPT y una prueba invasiva confirmatoria (cariotipo prenatal). La concordancia entre ambos métodos se determinó mediante el coeficiente kappa de Cohen (nivel de significancia p<0.05), donde valores >0.7 se consideraron como un buen nivel de concordancia. Resultados. En 3 de las 20 gestaciones (15%) se detectaron aneuploidías mediante estudio citogenético invasivo: trisomía 21, trisomía 18 y monosomía X. La NIPT detectó la trisomía 21 y la monosomía X, pero falló en detectar la trisomía 18. En lo que respecta a la concordancia entre la NIPT y el cariotipo prenatal para la detección de aneuploidías, el coeficiente de kappa de Cohen fue 0.77; en el caso de su concordancia para la detección de la trisomía 21 y la monosomía X el coeficiente de kappa de Cohen fue 1, mientras que para la detección de la trisomía 18 fue 0. Además, la NIPT detectó 67% de las aneuploidías. Conclusión. En el presente estudio, primero en realizarse en Colombia, se observó una buena concordancia entre la NIPT y la prueba invasiva (cariotipo prenatal) para la detección de aneuploidías. Sin embargo, los resultados aquí reportados enfatizan la recomendación de utilizar la NIPT como prueba de tamización y no como prueba diagnóstica.

A miraculous pregnancy following a myocardial infarction and coronary artery bypass grafting: a case report and review of literature

Cardiovascular disease is estimated to occur in 0.4-4.1% of pregnant women, whereas coronary heart disease complicates only 0.01% of all pregnancies. In recent times, MI has been observed to occur more frequently in young women. This might be attributed to the fact that women are deciding to become pregnant at advanced age. In such high-risk cases, proper pre-pregnancy, antenatal, intrapartum and post-partum care should be taken. Pregnant women with heart disease should be managed by a multidisciplinary team approach comprising of obstetricians, intensivists, cardiologists and neonatologists. Here, a case of pregnant woman with past history of MI; treated with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is presented and the management is highlighted.

Fatores de risco para óbito perinatal em gestantes de alto risco de um hospital terciário de Curitiba-PR, Brasil: estudo caso-controle / Risk factors for perinatal death in high-risk pregnant women at a tertiary hospital in Curitiba-PR, Brazil: a case-control study

Resumo Estudo caso-controle com o objetivo de estimar os fatores de risco da mortalidade perinatal em um hospital de referência para gestações de alto risco em Curitiba-PR. Os dados de características sociodemográficas, maternas, da gestação e do concepto foram obtidos dos prontuários hospitalares de 316 casos e 316 controles do período de 2013 a 2017. Foi realizada análise de regressão logística múltipla hierarquizada, permanecendo no modelo final variáveis com p < 0,05. Os resultados mostram aumento do risco de óbito perinatal em mães com tipo sanguíneo B (OR = 2,82; IC95%: 1,07-7,43), que não realizaram pré-natal (OR = 30,78; IC95%: 4,23-224,29), conceptos com malformações congênitas (OR = 63,90; IC95%: 27,32-149,48), nascidos com menos de 28 (OR = 24,21; IC95%: 1,10-531,81) e entre 28-31 semanas de gestação (OR = 6,03; IC95%: 1,34-27,17) e peso ao nascer abaixo de 1.000g (OR = 51,94; IC95%: 4,31-626,46), entre 1.000-1.499g (OR = 11,17; IC95%: 2,29-54,41) e entre 1.500-2.499g (OR = 2,75; IC95%: 1,25-6,06). Conceptos de gestações com desfecho prematuro, baixo peso ao nascer e presença de malformações congênitas são os principais fatores de risco para o óbito perinatal. Em contrapartida, a assistência pré-natal adequada é importante fator de proteção.

Abstract A case-control study was carried out to estimate risk factors for perinatal mortality in a referral hospital for high-risk pregnancies in Curitiba-PR. Sociodemographic, maternal, pregnancy and concept characteristics data were obtained from the hospital records of 316 cases and 316 controls from 2013 to 2017. A hierarchical multiple logistic regression analysis was performed, remaining in the final model variables with p < 0.05. The results show an increased risk of perinatal death in mothers with blood type B (OR = 2.82; 95%CI: 1.07-7.43), who did not undergo prenatal care (OR = 30.78; 95%CI: 4.23-224.29), fetuses with congenital malformations (OR = 63.90; 95%CI: 27.32-149.48), born under 28 (OR = 24.21; 95%CI: 1, 10-531.81) and between 28-31 weeks of gestation (OR = 6.03; 95%CI: 1.34-27.17) and birth weight below 1,000g (OR = 51.94; 95%CI: 4.31-626.46), between 1,000-1,499g (OR = 11.17; 95%CI: 2.29-54.41) and between 1,500-2,499g (OR = 2.75; 25-6.06). Concepts of pregnancies with premature outcome, low birth weight and the presence of congenital malformations are the main risk factors for perinatal death. On the other hand, adequate prenatal care is an important protective factor.