The relationship between students’ visual acuity and the visual environment of primary and secondary school classrooms in Minhang District， Shanghai / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo understand the visual environment sanitation in primary and secondary school classrooms in Minhang District， Shanghai， and to investigate the factors affecting the decline in students’ visual acuity. MethodsIn 2020， among all the primary and secondary schools in Minhang District， according to different types of classroom structures， levels， orientations， unilateral lighting， and bilateral lighting， a total of 20 231 students from 674 classrooms in primary and secondary schools were selected through stratified cluster sampling. Each monitored classroom was regarded as a research unit， and the naked eye vision of students was tested using a standard logarithmic vision chart during the 2020 and 2021 academic years. The change in average visual acuity between the two measurements was taken as the dependent variable， and the visual environment indices were considered as independent variables. The relationship between classroom visual environment indices and the decline in students’ naked eye vision was analyzed. ResultsThe qualification rates for per capita classroom area， window to floor area ratio， average illuminance of the blackboard， uniformity of blackboard illuminance， average illuminance of the desks， uniformity of desk illuminance， lighting coefficient of classroom， blackboard reflection ratio， back wall reflection ratio， and distance between lamps and desks were 79.53%， 88.58%， 46.74%， 70.33%，64.69%， 80.86%， 71.81%， 20.30%， 1.63%， and 97.53%， respectively. The average naked eye vision of primary and secondary school students in the 2020 academic year was 4.75±0.37 （right eye） and 4.76±0.37 （left eye）， while in the 2021 academic year， it was 4.70±0.39 （right eye） and 4.71±0.38 （left eye）. There was a significant decrease in the naked eye vision of primary and secondary school students in the 2021 academic year compared to that of 2020 （P<0.05）. Univariate linear regression analysis showed a significant correlation between grade， average illuminance of the blackboard， average illuminance of the desks， uniformity of desk illuminance， lighting coefficient， and distance between lamps and desks， and the decline of students’ naked eye vision within one academic year （P<0.05）. After adjusting for grade， multiple linear regression analysis revealed a significant correlation between the average illuminance of the blackboard， uniformity of desk illuminance， lighting coefficient， and distance between lamps and desks， and the decline of students’ naked eye vision within one academic year （P<0.05）. Higher average illuminance of the blackboard， uniformity of desk illuminance， lighting coefficient， and distance between lamps and desks were protective factors for naked eye vision. ConclusionThe visual environment of primary and secondary school classrooms in Minhang District is a matter of concern. Average illuminance of the blackboard， uniformity of desk illuminance， lighting coefficient， and distance between lamps and desks are related to the degree of visual impairment in students over a year.

Influencing factors of arsenic metabolism pattern of population in drinking-water-borne endemic arsenic poisoning areas / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To investigate the arsenic metabolism pattern and possible influencing factors in the population in drinking-water-borne endemic arsenic poisoning (drinking-water-borne arsenic poisoning for short) areas.Methods:In December 2004, a cluster sampling method was used to select arsenic poisoning population (arsenic poisoning group) and healthy population (control group) in drinking-water-borne arsenic poisoning area of Bayannur City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region as the survey subjects. A questionnaire survey was conducted. Arsenic content in drinking water at home of survey subjects, the levels of urinary arsenic and its metabolites, including [trivalent arsenic (As Ⅲ), inorganic arsenic (iAs), monomethylarsenic acid (pentavalent, MMA V), dimethylarsenic acid (pentavalent, DMA V), total arsenic (tAs), percentage of inorganic arsenic (iAs%), percentage of monomethylarsenic acid (MMA%), percentage of dimethylarsenic acid (DMA%), primary methylation index (PMI), secondary methylation index (SMI)] were tested using high performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; nail arsenic and nail selenium levels were tested using atomic fluorescence spectrometer. The influencing factors of arsenic metabolism pattern were analyzed by multiple linear regression. Results:A total of 536 survey subjects were included, including 155 individuals in the arsenic poisoning group and 381 in the control group. The water arsenic level ranged from 0.0 to 825.7 μg/L. Compared with the control group, there was no significant difference in the distribution of gender, education level and dental fluorosis in the arsenic poisoning group ( P > 0.05), but there were significant differences in the distribution of age, marital status, smoking, drinking and water arsenic ( P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the levels of urinary As Ⅲ, iAs, MMA V, DMA V, tAs, MMA%, MMA/DMA and nail arsenic in the arsenic poisoning group were higher ( P < 0.05), while the levels of urinary DMA%, SMI and nail selenium were lower ( P < 0.05); but there was no statistically significant difference in the levels of urinary iAs% and PMI ( P > 0.05). Gender, education level, depth of wells, water arsenic, total number of wells and nail arsenic were the influencing factors of urinary As Ⅲ (β = - 19.82, - 23.83, 0.61, 0.21, 7.26, 2.98, P < 0.05). Age, depth of wells, water arsenic and nail arsenic were the influencing factors of urinary tAs (β = 3.18, 3.25, 1.31, 15.59, P < 0.05). Gender, education level, depth of wells, water arsenic, total number of wells and nail arsenic were the influencing factors of urinary iAs (β = - 20.47, - 25.90, 0.64, 0.25, 7.87, 3.11, P < 0.05). Age, gender, education level, water arsenic and nail arsenic were the influencing factors of urinary MMA V (β = 0.52, - 17.07, - 21.84, 0.22, 2.77, P < 0.05). Age, depth of wells, water arsenic and nail arsenic were the influencing factors of urinary DMA V (β = 2.35, 2.47, 0.85, 9.22, P < 0.05). Conclusions:Compared with healthy individuals, there are differences in arsenic metabolism pattern among individuals with drinking-water-borne arsenic poisoning. Age, gender, education level, depth of wells, water arsenic, total number of wells and nail arsenic may be influencing factors of different arsenic metabolism patterns.

The influence of mindfulness cognitive therapy on the early maladaptive schema in patients with depression / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the effect of mindfulness-base cognitive therapy (MBCT) in improving patients with depression, and to explore its effect on patients early maladaptive schemas (EMSs).Methods:Sixty patients with depressive disorder were included in the pre- and post-control design, and MBCT treatment was carried out for 8 weeks. The Hamilton depression scale-17 (HAMD-17), Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA), five facet mindfulness questionnaire (FFMQ), and Young schema questionnaire-short form (YSQ-SF) were used for evaluation. The scores of the three time points were compared by one-way repeated measure ANOVA and Kruskal Wallis test. Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to explore the relationship between the improvement degree of depression and anxiety symptoms, as well as the changes of mindfulness level and schema.Results:There were significant differences in the total scores of HAMD-17, HAMA and FFMQ at baseline((15.4±5.0), (21.0±9.6), (115.8±11.7)), 4 weeks after intervention((11.4±6.7), (15.9±10.1), (121.9±14.2)) and 8 weeks((11.0±6.2), (15.4±8.7), (122.6±15.5)) after intervention ( F=25.22, 20.95, 14.02, all P<0.01). Further pairwise comparison, compared with baseline, the total scores of HAMD-17 and HAMA in patients with depression decreased (all P<0.05), and the total scores of FFMQ increased (all P<0.05) in 8 weeks and 4 weeks after treatment.There were no significant differences in the total scores of HAMD-17, HAMA and FFMQ between 8 weeks and 4 weeks after treatment (all P>0.05). There were significant differences on the scores of the emotional deprivation, abandonment/instability, failure, vulner ability to harm or illness, enmeshment/undeveloped self, unrelenting standards/hypercriticalness, and entitlement/grandiosity subscales in the YSQ-SF( H=2.00-17.11, all P<0.05). Regression analysis showed that the FFMQ total score difference has a linear relationship with the HAMA total score difference ( β=-0.363). There was a linear relationship between the emotional deprivation scale score difference and the HAMD-17 total score difference ( β=-0.292). Dependence/incompetence and submission scale score difference showed a linear relationship with the HAMA total score difference ( β=0.334, 0.278). Conclusion:MBCT can improve the anxiety and depression symptoms of patients with depression, and the improvement of some EMSs may be the mechanism of MBCT in the treatment of depression.

Correlation between fragment size of ulnar coronoid process fracture and patient prognosis / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Objective:To investigate the relationship between fragment size of ulnar coronoid process fracture and patient prognosis.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted of the 34 patients who had been treated at Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Lanzhou University for fracture of ulnar coronoid process combined with elbow dislocation from July 2016 to December 2020. They were assigned into 2 groups according to their different treatments. In the surgery (internal fixation) group of 23 cases, there were 15 males and 8 females, aged from 22 to 71 years; in the conservative treatment group of 11 cases, there were 8 males and 3 females, aged from 38 to 78 years. Preoperatively, the sizes of coronoid process and fracture fragments were measured by elbow CT scan and 3D reconstruction, and a size-weighted ratio Z (%) corresponding to the fragment of coronoid process fracture was calculated. At the last follow-up, American Hospital for Special Surgery total elbow scoring system (HSS2) score was used to assess their therapeutic efficacy, the correlation between the ratio Z and HSS2 score for elbow function was calculated, and complications were recorded.Results:There were no significant differences between the surgery and conservative treatment groups in gender or age ( P>0.05). All the 34 patients were followed up for 18 to 54 months (average, 36.7 months). At the last follow-up, the HSS2 score was 93.77±0.84 (from 82 to 98) for the surgery group and 86.00±1.42 (from 78 to 90) for the conservative treatment group; the complications rate was 13.04% (3/23) for the former and 63.64% (7/11) for the latter. There was a linear relationship between the size-weighted ratio Z of the coronoid fracture fragment and the HSS2 elbow function score in the surgery group ( P<0.01). The linear regression equation between them was: y=99.44-0.121x ( r2=0.86, P<0.01). There was a linear relationship between the size-weighted ratio Z of the coronoid fracture fragment and the HSS2 elbow function score in the conservative treatment group ( P<0.01). The linear regression equation between them was: y=89.46-0.144x ( r2=-0.91, P<0.01). When a HSS2 elbow joint function score 90 was substituted into both linear regression equations, the results were x=78.02 for the surgery group and x=3.75 for the conservative treatment group. Conclusions:Conservative treatment may not lead to a satisfactory prognosis for the patients with coronoid process fracture whose size-weighted ratio of fracture fragment is larger than 3.75. Open reduction and internal fixation usually leads to a satisfactory prognosis for those whose size-weighted ratio of fracture fragment is smaller than 78.02.

A milestone in prediction of the coronary artery dimensions from the multiple linear regression equation

Bachground /aim Coronary artery imaging is one of the most commonly used diagnostic methods. We aimed to investigate whether there is a correlation between left main coronary artery (LMCA), left anterior descending artery (LAD) and left circumflex artery (LCx) artery dimensions in normal cases and a possibility to express the coronary dimensions by multiple linear equations. Materials and methods Images of coronary angiograms of 925 normal cases selected from 3855 cases made up the study population (515 men and 410 women; age range, 30–75 years). The mean age of the patients was 55.50 ± 6.49 years. The mean body mass index was 24.79 ± 1.45 kg/m2 (range, 31.30–21.26 kg/m2). The mean dimensions of LMCA, LAD and LCx were 4.18 ± 0.65 mm, 3.22 ± 0.63 mm and 3.07 ± 0.65 mm, respectively. Correlation between LMCA, LAD and LCx diameters was investigated. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to develop a model to elucidate the relationship between LMCA, LAD and LCx diameters. Results There was a strong correlation between LMCA dimensions and LAD and LCx dimensions (r = 0.526**, p < 0.001* and r = 0.469**, p < 0.001*, respectively). The positive correlation indicated that a regression analysis can be carried out by incorporating the measurements. Coronary artery dimensions were gender specific. Conclusion The present study explored the possibility of explaining the relationship with the LMCA and its branches by multiple linear equations, which may then be used to estimate the reference diameter of a stenosed coronary artery when the other two arteries are normal.

Influencing Factors Analysis of 6-Methylmercaptopurine Ribonucleotides (6-MMPR) in Human Red Blood Cell (RBC) in Kidney Transplant Recipients / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To monitor and investigate the influencing factors of 6-methylmercaptopurine ribonucleotides (6-MMPR) in human red blood cell (RBC) in Chinese kidney transplant recipients treated with azathiopurine (AZA), and to provide references for clinical personalized medicine. METHODS: In 100 Chinese kidney transplant recipients, the concentration of 6-MMPR in RBC was detected by validated HPLC-UV method. Correlation analysis was performed to analyze the effects of various factors, including patient age, gender, weight, AZA dose and thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) activity, on the 6-MMPR concentration, and multivariate linear regression analysis was performed using SPSS20.0 software to investigate the influencing factors of 6-MMPR concentration. RESULTS: The concentration of 6-MMPR in 100 Chinese kidney transplant recipients was not normally distributed (P0.05), however, there was a significant positive correlation between TPMT activity and 6-MMPR concentration in RBC (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: TPMT activity in RBC is an independent factor affecting 6-MMPR concentration, which in turn affects the clinical efficacy and toxicity of the drug.

Risk factors for the complications of primary hypospadias urethroplasty with the urethral plate reserved / 中华男科学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the risk factors for the complications of urethroplasty in patients with primary hypospadias by postoperative follow-up observation.@*METHODS@#We retrospectively analyzed 110 cases of primary hypospadias repair performed from November 2010 to October 2015, including 70 cases of tubularized incised plate (TIP) urethroplasty and 40 cases of inlay internal preputial graft (IIPG) urethroplasty, all with the urethral plate reserved. We followed up the patients for 15.6－36 months, (27.3 ± 0.52) mo for those with and (26.9 ± 0.22) mo for those without complications. The mean age of the two groups of patients was (7.5 ± 0.2) and (7.0 ± 0.5) yr, respectively.@*RESULTS@#The follow-up data were collected from all the patients, 17 (15.5%) with and 93 (84.5%) without complications. The success rate of surgery was 84.5%. There were no statistically significant differences in the follow-up time and age between the two groups of patients (P >0.05). Single-factor analysis of variance showed significant differences between the complication and non-complication groups in the preoperative urethral opening (P <0.01), ventral penile curvature (P <0.01), and length of urethral defect (P = 0.04), while multiple linear regression analysis exhibited that only ventral curvature was associated with the postoperative complications of the patients (OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.06－1.19, P<0.01).@*CONCLUSIONS@#We chose single-stage urethroplasty with the urethral plate reserved for the treatment of primary hypospadias and achieved satisfactory outcomes. Ventral penile curvature is an independent risk factor for the complications of primary hypospadias, and a higher degree of curvature is associated with a higher incidnece of complications.

Investigation on the sub-health status of migrant workers in Dongguan City / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of sub-health status of the migrant workers in Dongguan City,in order to provide scientific preferences for preventing sub-health status.Methods Using the stratified random sampling method,740 migrant workers from ten towns(disetricts) in Dongguan city from August 2015 to August 2016 were recruited in this study.The sub-health measurement scale version 1.0 (SHMS V1.0) was applied to evaluate the sub-health status of migrant workers.The SHMS V1.0 scores were compared among migrant workers with different demographic characteristics,and the multivariate linear regression analysis was utilized to explore the influencing factors.Results A total of 718 valid questionnaires were collected,and the effective recovery rate was 97.03％.The sub-health status was detected in 483 migrant workers,and the prevalence rate of sub-health status was 81.6％.The migrant workers' subscale scores of physical sub-health (PS),mental subhealth (MS),social sub-health (SS) and total scale (TS) were (70.25-4-12.25),(64.21± 13.83),(62.21-4-13.87) and (66.114-11.15),respectively.The PS scale scores among migrant workers with different monthly household incomes per capita,and different inhabit situations;the MS scale scores among migrant workers with different ages,educations,marital status,monthly household incomes per capita,and inhabit situations;the SS scale scores among migrant workers with different genders,educations,and inhabit situations;and TS scores mong migrant workers with different educations,monthly household incomes per capita,and inhabit situations were statistically significant different (P＜0.05).The multivariate linear regression analysis showed that educations and inhabit situations were the influencing factors for TS score (P＜0.05).Conclusion The sub-health status of migrant workers in Dongguan City is serious,and the influencing factors are educations and inhabit situations.

Investigation on the sub-health status of migrant workers in Dongguan City / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of sub-health status of the migrant workers in Dongguan City,in order to provide scientific preferences for preventing sub-health status.Methods Using the stratified random sampling method,740 migrant workers from ten towns(disetricts) in Dongguan city from August 2015 to August 2016 were recruited in this study.The sub-health measurement scale version 1.0 (SHMS V1.0) was applied to evaluate the sub-health status of migrant workers.The SHMS V1.0 scores were compared among migrant workers with different demographic characteristics,and the multivariate linear regression analysis was utilized to explore the influencing factors.Results A total of 718 valid questionnaires were collected,and the effective recovery rate was 97.03％.The sub-health status was detected in 483 migrant workers,and the prevalence rate of sub-health status was 81.6％.The migrant workers' subscale scores of physical sub-health (PS),mental subhealth (MS),social sub-health (SS) and total scale (TS) were (70.25-4-12.25),(64.21± 13.83),(62.21-4-13.87) and (66.114-11.15),respectively.The PS scale scores among migrant workers with different monthly household incomes per capita,and different inhabit situations;the MS scale scores among migrant workers with different ages,educations,marital status,monthly household incomes per capita,and inhabit situations;the SS scale scores among migrant workers with different genders,educations,and inhabit situations;and TS scores mong migrant workers with different educations,monthly household incomes per capita,and inhabit situations were statistically significant different (P＜0.05).The multivariate linear regression analysis showed that educations and inhabit situations were the influencing factors for TS score (P＜0.05).Conclusion The sub-health status of migrant workers in Dongguan City is serious,and the influencing factors are educations and inhabit situations.

Correlation Analysis between Morning Blood Pressure Surge and Coronary Microvascular dysfunction / 实用医学杂志

Objective To investigate the correlation between morning blood pressure surge and Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction.Methods 58 cases of patients with hypertension in our hospital were given 24 h ambu-latory blood pressure monitoring(ambulatory blood pressure monitoring,ABPM).The coronary microvascular dys-function was estimated by the index of microcirculatory resistance(IMR). All cases were given biochemical test-ing,included TCH,TG,HDL-c,LDL-c and SUA.Results According to whether ABMP was arise,the patient were divided into MBPS group(n=21)and the Non-MBPS group(n=37).24 h,day,night and morning peak of systolic blood pressure were significantly higher in the morning peak group than in the average morning peak group. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that,MBPS,24 h average systolic blood pressure,day average systolic blood pressure,night average systolic blood pressure,and age were independent risk factors for coronary artery disease.Conclusion Morning blood pressure surge is closely related to severity of coronary microcirculation dysfunction. It is an independent risk factor for coronary microcirculation dysfunction. To control the blood pres-sure in patients with hypertension effectively can reduce morning peak target organ damage.

Comparison of application of Cochran-Armitage trend test and linear regression analysis for rate trend analysis in epidemiology study / 中华流行病学杂志

We described the time trend of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) from 1999 to 2013 in Tianjin incidence rate with Cochran-Armitage trend (CAT) test and linear regression analysis,and the results were compared.Based on actual population,CAT test had much stronger statistical power than linear regression analysis for both overall incidence trend and age specific incidence trend (Cochran-Armitage trend P value＜linear regression P value).The statistical power of CAT test decreased,while the result of linear regression analysis remained the same when population size was reduced by 100 times and AMI incidence rate remained unchanged.The two statistical methods have their advantages and disadvantages.It is necessary to choose statistical method according the fitting degree of data,or comprehensively analyze the results of two methods.

Comparison of application of Cochran-Armitage trend test and linear regression analysis for rate trend analysis in epidemiology study / 中华流行病学杂志

We described the time trend of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) from 1999 to 2013 in Tianjin incidence rate with Cochran-Armitage trend (CAT) test and linear regression analysis,and the results were compared.Based on actual population,CAT test had much stronger statistical power than linear regression analysis for both overall incidence trend and age specific incidence trend (Cochran-Armitage trend P value＜linear regression P value).The statistical power of CAT test decreased,while the result of linear regression analysis remained the same when population size was reduced by 100 times and AMI incidence rate remained unchanged.The two statistical methods have their advantages and disadvantages.It is necessary to choose statistical method according the fitting degree of data,or comprehensively analyze the results of two methods.

Factors associated with parasite dominance in fishes from Brazil / Fatores associados com a dominância parasitária em peixes do Brasil

Abstract The present study used regression models to evaluate the existence of factors that may influence the numerical parasite dominance with an epidemiological approximation. A database including 3,746 fish specimens and their respective parasites were used to evaluate the relationship between parasite dominance and biotic characteristics inherent to the studied hosts and the parasite taxa. Multivariate, classical, and mixed effects linear regression models were fitted. The calculations were performed using R software (95% CI). In the fitting of the classical multiple linear regression model, freshwater and planktivorous fish species and body length, as well as the species of the taxa Trematoda, Monogenea, and Hirudinea, were associated with parasite dominance. However, the fitting of the mixed effects model showed that the body length of the host and the species of the taxa Nematoda, Trematoda, Monogenea, Hirudinea, and Crustacea were significantly associated with parasite dominance. Studies that consider specific biological aspects of the hosts and parasites should expand the knowledge regarding factors that influence the numerical dominance of fish in Brazil. The use of a mixed model shows, once again, the importance of the appropriate use of a model correlated with the characteristics of the data to obtain consistent results.

Resumo Este estudo avaliou, por meio de modelos de regressão e sob o ponto de vista epidemiológico, a existência de fatores que podem influenciar a dominância numérica parasitária. Utilizou-se um banco de dados, contendo 3.746 espécimes de peixes e seus respectivos parasitos, para avaliar a relação da dominância parasitária com características bióticas inerentes aos hospedeiros e aos táxons parasitários estudados. Foram ajustados modelos de regressão linear multivariada, clássico e de efeitos mistos. Os cálculos foram realizados no software R (IC 95%). No ajuste do modelo de regressão linear múltipla clássico, as espécies de peixes dulcícolas, as planctívoras e o comprimento do corpo foram associadas à dominância parasitária, assim como os táxons Trematoda, Monogenea e Hirudínea. Entretanto, o ajuste do modelo de efeitos mistos demonstrou que apenas o comprimento do hospedeiro e os táxons Nematota, Trematoda, Monogenea, Hirudínea e Crustácea estão associados significativamente a dominância parasitária. Estudos que considerem os aspectos biológicos específicos dos hospedeiros e dos parasitos devem ampliar o entendimento sobre os fatores que interferem na dominância numérica em peixes do Brasil. A utilização do modelo misto demonstra, mais uma vez, a importância do uso adequado do modelo que respeite a natureza dos dados para a obtenção de resultados consistentes.

Psychosocial factors of suicide attitudes among new recruits in training camp / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To explore the psychosocial influencing factors of suicide attitudes among new recruits in training camp.Methods Cluster sampling was conducted and 5 200 new recruits in 11 training camps were investigated with suicide attitude questionnaire(QSA),symptom checklist 90(SCL-90) and self-designed questionnaire.Influencing factors associated with suicide attitudes were analyzed with muhiple linear regression analysis.Results The score of awareness of property of suicide behavior dimension of QSA were (3.71±0.58),and (2.77±0.47) of the attitude to the suicide dimension,(2.43±0.43) of the attitude to family members of the suicide dimension and (3.13±0.86) of the attitude to euthanasia dimension.The results of multiple linear regression analysis indicated that recruits who came from single parent family,had a history of family violence,had a introvert character,had poor emotional stability,had a history of psychiatrist visiting,took Sedatives more often,had more negative life events in past year,tended to use unhealthy cathartic method of emotion,had more difficulty in adjusting to the army life,had lower factor score of obsessivecompulsive symptoms in SCL-90,and higher factor score of depression and paranoia,tended to hold an admissive attitude to suicide behavior.Conclusion The recruits in training camp don' t accept suicide behavior as a whole,and their suicide attitudes were influenced by mental health states and many other psychosocial factors.Suicide prevention education should be targeted.

Correlation of Body Height By Foot Length and Knee Height Measurements in Population of North India.

Background: The body height measurement plays an important role in personal and medico legal identification and has become invaluable aid to scientific research in Anatomy, especially anthropological anthropometry. This study is conducted to find the correlation between body height and foot length & knee height measurements in both the sexes and to determine accurate and best predictor of height from above two parameters using Correlation Coefficient. Methods: Asymptomatic, healthy 1000 subjects (500 males and 500 females), residents of Teerthanker Mahaveer University of cosmopolitan origin age over 18 years old were studied. Their body height, Foot lengths and knee height were measured and all the readings were subjected to Statistical Analysis using mean + standard deviation, Pearson’s correlation coefficients and linear regression analyses. Result: In present study, correlation coefficients (r) values between body height, foot lengths and knee height were found to be statistically significant and positive in both males, females and in combined data, with highest ‘r’ value of knee height followed by foot lengths. Regression equations for estimating body height were developed for each of these parameters by Linear Regression. Conclusion: The study suggests the Knee height to be the best body height indicator developed for estimation of body height according to gender including age as a predictor variable in order to reduce the inherent problem of sample specificity and enhance accuracy confidence in the estimation.

Multiple linear regression analysis methods for complex random sampled data and their application / 军事医学

Objective To study the significance and function of the comprehensive weight in multiple linear regression analysis of complex random sampled data .Methods Based on the concept of Monte Carlo random simulation , two different multiple linear regression analysis procedures in SAS-REG and SURVEYREG were used to perform regression modeling for the same batch of complex random sampled data ( n=6756 ) at different random sampling proportions .The results were compared.Results In the results of the fitting multiple linear regression model when observation weight and sampling weight were considered or not , it was found that the size of the partial regression coefficient , standard error and P value of independent variables varied .Conclusion In complex random sampled data based on different proportions ,especially in regression modeling of stratified random sampling survey information , the multiple linear regression model makes it possible to more accurately and sensitively perform parameter estimates of regression coefficients and statistical prediction of outcome variables if the comprehensive weight of the survey data is incorporated into the statistical analysis .

Digit Length Displays A Significant Fraction In Stature Estimation – A Study From Coastal Region of South India.

Relationship that exists between different part of the body and height had been of great interest to anthropologists, forensic and medical scientists for many years. This is because of the increase in the number of catastrophic events causing mass deaths from natural or manmade errors. Such disasters like flooding, tsunamis, earthquakes, plane crashes, train crashes , terrorist attacks usually requires the identification of victims from fragmentary and dismembered human remains. In present paper, study on stature estimation from digit length has been reported. In the present study, 200individuals (96 males and 104 females) belonging to age group of 18 to 25years having no disease or deformity were examined anthropometrically in respect to their height and digit lengths (2D, 3D, 4D, 5D) have been measured. The regression equations have been drawn from the data collected. It has been observed that stature can be estimated from the digit lengths

Dahlberg formula: a novel approach for its evaluation

INTRODUCTION: The accurate evaluation of error of measurement (EM) is extremely important as in growth studies as in clinical research, since there are usually quantitatively small changes. In any study it is important to evaluate the EM to validate the results and, consequently, the conclusions. Because of its extreme simplicity, the Dahlberg formula is largely used worldwide, mainly in cephalometric studies. OBJECTIVES: (I) To elucidate the formula proposed by Dahlberg in 1940, evaluating it by comparison with linear regression analysis; (II) To propose a simple methodology to analyze the results, which provides statistical elements to assist researchers in obtaining a consistent evaluation of the EM. METHODS: We applied linear regression analysis, hypothesis tests on its parameters and a formula involving the standard deviation of error of measurement and the measured values. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: we introduced an error coefficient, which is a proportion related to the scale of observed values. This provides new parameters to facilitate the evaluation of the impact of random errors in the research final results.

Factors Related to Rehabilitation Outcome of Stroke Patients: A Regression Analysis / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To investigate the factors related to outcome (recovery of motor, activities of daily living, and balance) of stroke patients. Methods 67 stroke patients with hemiplegia were evaluated with the Ueda Classfication of upper and lower limbs function, Functional Independence Measure (FIM), Berg balance scale (BBS) before and after treatment. The scores of all the assessment were as the dependent variable respectively, and regression analyzed with the factors possiblely related to the outcome. Results The positive factors for lower limbs function included rehabilitation intervention, time of rehabilitation, and hypercholesterolemia; while the negative factors were body mass index (BMI), and damage of superficial sensibility. The positive factors for upper limbs function were rehabilitation intervention and time of rehabilitation; while the negative factors were BMI, dysphagia, damage of superficial sensibility, and frequency of attack. The positive factors for hand function were rehabilitation interventions and interval from diagnosis to rehabilitation, while the negative factors were the muscle tension, incontinence, and frequency of attack. The positive factors for FIM were the rehabilitation intervention, while the negative factors were BMI, incontinence, hypercholesterolemia, gender and residence status. The positive factors for BBS were the rehabilitation intervention, while the negative factors were BMI, frequency of attack, and hyperglycemia. Conclusion Rehabilitation promotes the recovery of stroke patients, but the BMI may block it.

Analysis of factors influencing serum lipids of patients with chronic hepatitis B infection / 第二军医大学学报

Objective: To evaluate the different factors on serum lipids in chronic hepatitis B patients by multiple linear regression analysis. Methods: The liver function parameters, the renal function parameters and the serum glucose of 323 cases with viral B hepatitis and 39 healthy persons (as control group) were measured by automatic biochemical analyzer, the load of hepatitis B virus were measured by quantitative PCR analyzer and the plasma prothrombin activity (PTA) were detected with automatic coagulometer. Results: The serum lipids level were decreased with the deterioration of liver function in chronic hepatitis B patients, and there are statistical significant differences between the groups. It can be found that the serum lipids level of chronic hepatitis B patients were mostly affected by the plasma prothrombin activity and liver function, but the parameters of age; gender; serum glucose; hepatitis B viral load; renal function have minor or no effect on the serum lipids level of chronic hepatitis B patients by the analysis of multiple linear regression. And it can also be observed that In the many indicators, CHOL, TG mainly affected by the PTA, and HDL, LDL mainly affected by the ALB. Conclusion: It can be found that the serum lipids in chronic hepatitis B patients are mostly affected by the liver function by multiple linear regression analysis. And It has an important clinical value in judgment of patient's condition and estimatement of patient's prognosis by detect lipid levels in chronic hepatitis B patients.