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ABSTRACT Purpose: To characterize the extracellular vesicle protein cargo in the aqueous humor and plasma of patients with ocular toxoplasmosis. Methods: Aqueous humor and plasma were collected from six patients with active ocular toxoplasmosis and six patients with cataract. Extracellular vesicles were isolated, and western blotting and mass spectrometry were performed for protein analysis. Results: All plasma samples from patients with ocular toxoplasmosis and cataract were positive for the tetraspanins CD63 and TSG101. However, the aqueous humor from patients with ocular toxoplasmosis was positive only for CD63. Sixty-seven new unreported proteins were identified in the aqueous humor and plasma of patients with the ocular toxoplasmosis and cataract. Of the 67 proteins, 10 and 7 were found only in the cataract and ocular toxoplasmosis groups, respectively. In general, these proteins were involved in immune system activation and retina homeostasis and were related to infections and retina-associated diseases. Conclusion: The distinct protein signatures between ocular toxoplasmosis and cataract may be helpful in the differential diagnosis of ocular toxoplasmosis. However, more studies are needed to better understand the role of these proteins in the pathogenesis of ocular toxoplasmosis.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the evidence of Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP), Stem cells therapy (SCT) and Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWL) for the treatment of Peyronies disease (PD), including information from the main urological society guidelines. Materials and Methods: A literature review of PubMed articles published between 2000 and 2023 was conducted, utilizing keywords such as "Peyronie's Disease", "Penile curvature", "Platelet Rich Plasma", "Stem cells", and "Extracorporeal shockwave therapy". Only full-text articles in English were included, excluding case reports and opinions. Results: A considerable number of clinical trials were conducted using PRP penile injections for therapy of PD, showing reduction of curvature, plaque size and improvement in quality of life. Preclinical studies in rats have shown the potential benefit of adipose-derived stem cells, with improvements in erectile function and fibrosis. Human studies with mesenchymal stem cells demonstrated promising results, with reduction of curvature and plaque size. ESWL effects on PD were investigated in randomized clinical trials and demonstrated no significant impact in curvature or plaque size, but reasonable effect on pain control. Conclusion: Restorative therapies has emerged as an innovative treatment option for PD and the results from current studies appear to be promising and demonstrated good safety profile. Unfortunately, due to scarce evidence, PRP and SCT are still considered experimental by American Urological Association (AUA) and European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines. ESWT is recommended, by the same guidelines, for pain control only. More high-quality studies with long-term follow-up outcomes are needed to evaluate efficacy and reproducibility of those therapies.
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Abstract The incorporation of new technologies such as ultrasound, J-Plasma (helium plasma) and MicroAire (power assited liposuction) has facilitated liposculpture procedures, resulting in greater patient satisfaction. The benefits of these technologies are accompanied by low reported complications; this case is the fourth description of pneumomediastinum secondary to the use of Renuvion® (J-Plasma) after liposuction for fat removal in the arms and thighs. This rare complication should be considered as part of the differential diagnosis during the study of clinical dyspnea and subcutaneous emphysema in the postoperative period.
Resumen La incorporación de nuevas tecnologías, como ultrasonido, J-Plasma (plasma de helio) y el Microaire (vibroliposucción), ha facilitado los procedimientos de lipoescultura consiguiendo una mayor satisfacción del paciente. Los beneficios de estas tecnologías se acompañan de bajas complicaciones reportadas; el presente caso constituye la cuarta descripción de neumomediastino secundario a la utilización de Renuvion® (J-Plasma) posterior a la extracción de grasa en brazos y muslos por medio de liposucción; esta infrecuente complicación se debe considerar diagnóstico diferencial en el estudio de presentación clínica de disnea y enfisema subcutáneo durante el posoperatorio.
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Background: Blood transfusion is a routine lifesaving medical intervention which is generally regarded as safe when done properly. However, at the same time it also bears considerable risk. The aim of the study was to assess the serum IgE levels in patients experiencing transfusion-related allergic reactions after receiving fresh frozen plasma. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the Department of Transfusion Medicine, BSMMU, from March 2019 to August 2021, focusing on patients aged 5 to 60 years receiving fresh frozen plasma. Patients were included after obtaining informed consent from themselves or their legal guardians in the case of minors, according to the eligibility criteria. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26, with statistical significance set at p<0.05, employing Chi-square tests and Pearson抯 correlation coefficient for variable comparisons. Results: Raised IgE level was significantly related with transfusion related allergic reaction after receiving fresh frozen plasma (p<0.05). The mean IgE was 521.4�4.6 in patients with reaction and 67.8�.2 in patients without reaction. Significant positive correlation was observed in serum IgE level with age in years. Conclusions: Patients with transfusion related allergic reaction receiving fresh frozen plasma had higher mean IgE levels as compared to those without reaction.
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Objective: Various treatment options are available for knee osteoarthritis such as medical treatment with NSAID, conservative management with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and corticosteroids. We have done this prospective study to know the use and safety of platelet- rich plasma (PRP) injections in knee osteoarthritis (KOA) patients. We know platelet rich plasma (PRP) clinical and functional outcome in knee osteoarthritis (KOA) by doing this study and using the available literature.Methods: This prospective study consisted of a total number of 96 patients suffering from knee osteoarthritis. Both males and females are included. Intra-articular injection of platelet rich plasma (PRP) was given in sterile conditions and clinical and functional outcomes were analyzed with Western Ontario and McMaster University Arthritis Index (WOMAC), Visual Analogic Scale (VAS), and Knee Society score (KSS). This study is done in a tertiary care institute during the study period. Results: Most patients were females aged>40 years with knee osteoarthritis. The injections of platelet rich plasma (PRP) showed results at three, six and twelve months follow-up showed significantly reduced WOMAC scores, Visual Analogic Scale (VAS) and Knee Society score (KSS). No complications were observed during the follow-up period.Conclusion: The results confirm the efficacy of the PRP injections on Knee osteoarthritis, suggesting that decreasing pain was obtained one month after injection, with the best results observed after 12 months—however, a more extensive study group. Follow-up is required for a prolonged period to assess the efficacy of PRP injection.
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En el ámbito de las tecnologías no térmicas para el procesamiento de alimentos, la aplicación de plasma frío destaca por su rápido crecimiento y amplias proyecciones. El plasma frío se genera aplicando energía que ioniza un gas específico, lo que produce especies altamente reactivas como las reactivas de oxígeno y nitrógeno, además de ozono, iones, radicales libres y radiación ultravioleta. Las configuraciones más comunes para su generación incluyen la descarga de barrera dieléctrica y la descarga corona. Sus aplicaciones y efectos clave abarcan la destrucción de biofilms, inactivación de microorganismos, descontaminación de micotoxinas, degradación de pesticidas y modificación de almidones, entre otros. Los mecanismos de acción propuestos varían desde modificaciones químicas y moleculares hasta lisis celular y daño genético. Este artículo proporciona una visión general actualizada sobre los principios, generación y aplicaciones del plasma frío en la industria alimentaria.
In the field of non-thermal food processing technologies, the application of cold plasma stands out for its rapid growth and broad prospects. Cold plasma is generated by applying energy to ionize a specific gas, producing highly reactive species such as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, as well as ozone, ions, free radicals, and ultraviolet radiation. The most common configurations for generating cold plasma include dielectric barrier discharge and corona discharge. Key applications and effects include the destruction of biofilms, inactivation of microorganisms, decontamination of mycotoxins, degradation of pesticides, and modification of starches, among others. Proposed mechanisms of action range from chemical and molecular modifications to cellular lysis and genetic damage. This article provides an updated overview of the principles, generation, and applications of cold plasma technology in the food industry.
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Diverse treatments, including polyhexamethylene biguanide dressings, have been explored for managing diabetic foot ulcers. Platelet-rich plasma, known for its potential in chronic wound healing, has demonstrated efficacy both in vivo and in vitro, with possible intralesional or topical application. However, research on the production costs of PRP is scarce. This study compares the effectiveness and financial implications of polyhexamethylene biguanide dressings versus Platelet-rich Plasma in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. Conducted at the General Hospital of Mexico from July to August 2019, this case series involved 8 patients, split equally between the two treatment groups. Weekly assessments showed consistent reductions in wound size in both groups. By the fourth week, 75% of patients achieved clinical healing. The PHMB group demonstrated a 75.13% reduction in wound size, compared to a 37.38% reduction in the PRP group. However, due to the small sample size, no statistical significance was found between wound size, healing time, and dressing type. This report suggests no clear relationship between treatment, healing duration, and wound diameter. Additionally, PRP did not show a clear financial advantage over PHMB dressings. Randomized control trials with sufficient sample sizes are required to demonstrate overall advantage for each therapy choice.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has driven the search for alternative therapies, including convalescent plasma, historically used in infectious diseases. Despite results in other diseases, its effectiveness against COVID-19 remains uncertain with conflicting results in clinical trials. A pragmatic, single-center, prospective, and open randomized controlled trial was carried out in a hospital in Brazil, with the aim of evaluating the impact of convalescent plasma on the clinical improvement of patients hospitalized with COVID-19. The World Health Organization (WHO) ordinal scale was used to measure clinical improvement, focusing on the reduction in disease severity by up to 2 points, while antibody and C-reactive protein levels were monitored over time. After hospital admission, participants were randomized 1:1 to receive convalescent plasma and standard treatment or to be part of the control group with standard treatment. Follow-up was carried out on days 1, 3, 7, 14 and/or at discharge. From January 14 to April 4, 2022, 38 patients were included, but 3 were excluded due to protocol deviations, resulting in a total of 35 patients: 19 in the control group and 16 in the plasma group. There was no significant difference in clinical improvement between the convalescent plasma group and the control group, nor in secondary outcomes. The study had limitations due to the small number of patients and limited representation of COVID-19 cases. Broader investigations are needed to integrate therapies into medical protocols, both for COVID-19 and other diseases. Conducting randomized studies is challenging due to the complexity of medical conditions and the variety of treatments available.
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Resumen Se presenta el caso clínico de una paciente del sexo femenino, de 30 años, con adenopatías supraclaviculares y axilares ipsilaterales, quien fue sometida a biopsia excisional con posterior estudio. El análisis histopatológico de la muestra de tejido resecado reveló una serie de características distintivas asociadas con la enfermedad de Castleman variante hialinovascular. La presentación de este caso no solo proporciona información detallada sobre la evolución clínica de la paciente, sino que también sirve como base para ilustrar los aspectos clave del diagnóstico histopatológico y las implicaciones inmunohistoquímicas en la enfermedad de Castleman. Además de hacer una revisión de tema respecto a esta patología poco común, en la cual los informes de casos son fundamentales para aumentar la comprensión de su variabilidad clínica y su abordaje diagnóstico, ilustrando los desafíos en el diagnóstico diferencial y como deben abordarse los mismos.
Abstract The clinical case of a 30-year-old female patient with supraclavicular and ipsilateral axillary lymphadenopathy who underwent excisional biopsy with subsequent study is presented. Histopathological analysis of the resected tissue sample revealed a series of distinctive features associated with hyalinevascular variant Castleman disease. The presentation of this case not only provides detailed information about the clinical evolution of the patient, but also serves as a basis to illustrate Key aspects of histopathological diagnosis and immunohistochemical implications in Castleman disease. In addition to making a review of the topic regarding this rare pathology in which case reports are essential to increase the understanding of its clinical variability and its diagnostic approach, illustrating the challenges in differential diagnosis and how they should be addressed.
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ObjectiveTo identify the prototypical components and metabolites absorbed into blood and cerebrospinal fluid of Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus（SCF） based on sequential metabolism combined with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. MethodBlood and cerebrospinal fluid samples of integrated metabolism， intestinal metabolism and hepatic metabolism were collected from male SD rats after gavage and in situ intestinal perfusion administration， and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/electrostatic field orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry（UPLC Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS） was used to analyze and compare the differences in the spectra of SCF extract， blank plasma， administered plasma， blank cerebrospinal fluid and administered cerebrospinal fluid with ACQUITY UPLC BEH Shield RP18 column（2.1 mm×100 mm， 1.7 µm）， the mobile phase was acetonitrile（A）-0.1% formic acid aqueous solution（B） for gradient elution（0-7 min， 95%B； 7-12 min， 95%-35%B； 12-17 min， 35%-15%B； 17-20 min， 15%-12%B； 20-22 min， 12%-5%B； 22-23 min， 5%B； 23-25 min， 5%-95%B； 25-28 min， 95%B）. And heated electrospray ionization（HESI） was used with positive and negative ion modes， the scanning range was m/z 100-1 500. The prototypical constituents and their metabolites absorbed into blood and cerebrospinal fluid of SCF were identified according to the retention time， characteristic fragments， molecular formulae and the information of reference substances. ResultA total of 42 chemical components were identified in the extract of SCF， including lignans， flavonoids， amino acids， tannins， and others， of which lignans were the main ones. A total of 27 prototypical components and 14 metabolites were identified in plasma samples from different sites. A total of 15 prototypical components and 9 metabolites were identified in cerebrospinal fluid. The main metabolic reactions involved in the formation of metabolites were mainly demethylation， methylation， demethoxylation and hydroxylation. ConclusionThrough the systematic identification of the prototypical components and metabolites of SCF in rats， it provides data support for further better exploring the material basis of SCF in the treatment of central nervous system diseases.
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With rapid development of organ transplantation, the issue of global organ shortage has become increasingly prominent. At present, liver transplantation is the most effective treatment for end-stage liver disease. Nevertheless, the shortage of donors has been a key problem restricting the development of liver transplantation. China is a country with a larger number of hepatitis B, and the shortage of donor liver is particularly significant. Many critically ill patients often lose the best opportunity or even die because they cannot obtain a matched donor liver in time. As a strategy to expand the donor pool, ABO-incompatible (ABOi) liver transplantation offers new options for patients who are waiting for matched donors. However, ABOi liver transplantation is highly controversial due to higher risk of complications, such as severe infection, antibody-mediated rejection (AMR), biliary complications, thrombotic microangiopathy, and acute kidney injury, etc. In this article, research progress in preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative strategies of ABOi liver transplantation was reviewed, aiming to provide reference for clinical application and research of ABOi liver transplantation.
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Levetiracetam （LEV） is the second generation of broad-spectrum anti-epileptic drug. LEV has the advantages of rapid absorption， short half-life， precise efficacy， good tolerance and few drug interactions. In order to improve the clinical efficacy of LEV， and reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions， children， pregnant women， the elderly， and patients with renal insufficiency should receive therapeutic drug monitoring （TDM）. Clinically， the samples are usually plasma or serum， and the TDM methods are mostly immunoassay or chromatography. There is currently no consensus on the effective concentration range of LEV， and the correlation between plasma concentration and adverse reactions is also unclear. The main factors affecting LEV plasma concentration include age， pregnancy， and patient compliance. How to interpret TDM results and adjust dosage based on the results will be the focus of future work.
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@#The plasma matrix is a kind of autologous blood conduct. It has been widely used in maxillofacial tissue regeneration, skin cosmetology and some other fields. Recently, to preserve the dental pulp as well as the teeth, pulp regeneration therapy and apical surgery have become increasingly important as well as the applications of bioactive materials. As a kind of autologous bioactive material, the plasma matrix has some natural advantages as it is easy to obtain and malleable. The plasma matrix can be used in the following cases: ①pulp revascularization of young permanent teeth with open apical foramina that cannot stimulate apical bleeding; ② apical barrier surgery with bone defects and large area perforation repair with bone defects or root sidewall repair surgery; ③ apical surgeries of teeth with large area of apical lesions, with or without periodontal diseases. The plasma matrix is a product derived from our blood, and there are no obvious contraindications for its use. Several systematic reviews have shown that the plasma matrix can effectively promote the regenerative repair of dental pulp in patients with periapical diseases. However, the applications of plasma matrix are different because its characteristics are affected by different preparation methods. In addition, there is still a lack of long-term clinical researches on the plasma matrix, and the histological evidences are difficult to obtain, so a large number of in vitro and in vivo experimental studies are still needed. This article will describe the applications of different kinds of plasma matrix for dental pulp regeneration and bone tissue regeneration in apical surgeries to provide references for clinicians in indication selection and prognosis evaluation.
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ObjectiveUltra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS） was used to identify the metabolites of harmine in rats， in order to explore the differences in distribution of metabolites in rats after single dose（40 mg·kg-1） intragastric administration of harmine， as well to speculate the metabolic pathways. MethodSD rats were given a single dose of harmine by intragastric administration. Plasma， bile， urine and feces samples were collected after administration， and the samples were processed for determination by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. The separation was performed on an ACQUITY UPLC™ HSS T3 columu（2.1 mm×100 mm， 1.8 μm） with acetonitrile（A）-0.1% formic acid aqueous solution（B） as mobile phase for gradient elution（0-2 min， 5%A； 2-9 min， 5%-35%A； 9-9.5 min， 35%-100%A； 9.5-12 min， 100%A； 12-12.5 min， 100%-5%A； 12.5-14 min， 5%A）， the mass spectra were obtained in positive ion mode with electrospray ionization（ESI）， the scanning range was m/z 50-1 200. The metabolites of harmine were identified based on the information of the obtained compounds and the literature data， and the metabolic pathways were hypothesized. ResultA total of 42 compounds（harmine and its metabolites） were identified in rats， including 27 in plasma， 17 in bile， 26 in urine and 13 in feces. The metabolic pathways involved in these 42 metabolites included monohydroxylation， dihydroxylation， demethylation， glucuronidation and sulfation. ConclusionHarmine can undergo phase Ⅰ and phase Ⅱ metabolic reactions in rats， and the prototype drug is metabolized rapidly in vivo， and the metabolites are mainly excreted by the kidneys， which can provide a reference basis for the pharmacodynamics and material basis of harmine.
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Objective To study the initial pumping speed of sodium citrate in single plasma exchange with regional citrate anticoagulation(RAC).Methods From January to December 2021,15 patients and 67 times of treatment with local sodium citrate anticoagulation single plasma exchange in the hospital were in-cluded in the study.According to the initial pumping speed of sodium citrate,they were included in the low-speed group(n=33)and the high-speed group(n=34).The transmembrane pressure,filter pressure drop and venous pressure were compared between the two groups at 30 minutes,one hour and two hours after treatment.The free calcium concentration after plasma separator at 15 minutes and one hour after treatment,and the coagulation of plasma separator and extracorporeal circulation pipeline at the end of treatment were compared between the two groups.The concentration of free calcium,blood gas analysis and electrolyte were compared at the beginning of treatment,one hour after treatment and at the end of treatment.Results The free calcium concentration after the filter was monitored at 15 minutes and one hour of treatment in both groups was within the effective range of anticoagulation recommended by the guidelines.There were no lips,fingertip numbness and hand-foot convulsions in the two groups during the treatment,and no bleeding oc-curred after the treatment.There were four cases of hypocalcemia and two cases of alkalosis in the low-speed group,and 13 cases of hypocalcemia and eight cases of alkalosis in the high-speed group.The difference be-tween the two groups was statistically significant(P＜0.05).There were 15 cases of grade Ⅰ coagulation and five cases of grade Ⅱ coagulation in plasma separator and pipeline in the low-speed group,while there were 14 cases of grade Ⅰ coagulation and four cases of grade Ⅱ coagulation in plasma separator and pipeline in the high-speed group.There was no significant difference between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion In plasma exchange treatment,according to the low initial pumping speed,RAC can not only ensure the anticoagulant effect,but also reduce the incidence of complications such as hypocalcemia and alkalosis.
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The molecularly imprinted polymers membranes(MIPMs)were prepared for selective adsorption of lamotrigine(LTG)in plasma by surface molecular imprinting technology with polyvinylidenefluoride(PVDF)membranes as supporter,lamotrigine as template molecule,methyl methacrylate as functional monomer,ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as cross-linking agent,azodiisobutyronitrile as initiator and acetonitrile-dimethylformamide(1∶1.5,V/V)as pore-forming agent.The prepared MIPMs were characterized by scanning electron microscope,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,Brunaner-emmet-teller measurements,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and thermogravimetric analysis.The adsorption properties of the materials were investigated by kinetic adsorption,isothermal adsorption,selective adsorption,adsorption-desorption and reusability experiments.The results showed that the imprinted layer of LTG was successfully coated on the surface of PVDF,and the materials had uniform particle size.The adsorption capacity and imprinting factor of the MIPMs towards LTG were 3.77 mg/g and 8.97,respectively.The nanomaterials showed fast mass transfer rate(30 min)and good reusability(the adsorption efficiency was 86.66%after 6 cycles),and could be used for the adsorption of LTG in plasma with low matrix interference,recoveries of 86.54%-90.48%and RSD of 1.51%-3.15%(n=5).The proposed LTG MIPMs were demonstrated to be simple and environment friendly,and had high selectivity in rapid separation and extraction of LTG in plasma.
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Objective To analyze the clinical evolution and atypical spinal cord MRI features of myelitis post severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection.Methods Four patients with myelitis post the SARS-CoV-2 infection were retrospectively analyzed regarding the clinical manifestations,the dynamic changes of the spinal cord MRI and the treatment outcomes.Results The time latencies from SARS-CoV-2 infection to the onset of myelitis of the 4 patients were 5 d,15 d,80 d,and 30 d,respectively.The onset symptoms were numbness and weakness of lower limbs in 3 patients,and back pain with weakness of lower limbs in 1 patient.The peak symptoms included paraplegia,sphincter dysfunction,sensory plane and spastic gait.The expanded disability status score(EDSS)of the 4 patients were 7.5,9.0,9.0 and 7.5,respectively.Initial spinal cord MRI showed normal in 1 case,linear meningeal enhancement in 1 case,and punctate T2 signal changes in 2 cases.Spinal cord MRI at the peak of the symptoms showed patchy,linear and cloudy-like high signals on sagittal T2,which mainly distributed in lateral and posterior cords on axial T2.The prominent features of the MRI findings were the linear meningeal enhancement that appeared in all 4 cases during the disease and their mismatch with the severity of clinical symptoms.Two of the four patients received pulse methylprednisolone combined with plasma exchange therapy and did not show significant improvement,and all 4 patients were left with significant disability.Conclusions Myelitis post SARS-CoV-2 infection usually presents typical symptoms of myelitis,while the spinal cord MRI presents patchy,linear and cloudy-like high signals,with linear meningeal enhancement.The delayed and atypical spinal cord MRI findings need additional attention.
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Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations of nodo-paranodopathy(NPP)with anti-neurofascin 186(NF186)antibody positive.Methods The clinical data of a NPP patient with cranial nerve damage caused by anti-NF186 antibody positive was retrospectively analyzed.Results The patient was a 70-year-old male with sudden speech disorder and dysphagia one month ago.Glucocorticoid therapy was discontinued after improvement.The patient's speech,swallowing,chewing,bristling,turning and head-up movements were laborious and progressively aggravated 5 days ago.The EMG examination of the limbs was normal,and the serum and CSF anti-NF186 antibody were positive.The curative effect of glucocorticoid treatment was not obvious,and the symptoms were significantly improved after plasma exchange treatment.Conclusions Anti-NF186 antibody-positive NPP has late onset age,severe illness and accompanied with cranial nerves damage.Conventional hormone therapy is not effective,but plasma exchange therapy is effective.
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Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of transurethral plasma electrotomy with rod electrode and end-to-end urethral anastomosis in the treatment of short urethral stricture.Methods 125 male patients with short urethral stricture(＜2 cm)who were admitted to our hospital from January 2014 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.According to different surgical methods,they were divided into transurethral plasma resection with rod electrode(minimally invasive group)and urethral end-to-end anastomosis(open group).According to the length of urethral stricture,the minimally invasive group was divided into minimally invasive group 1(stricture length≤1 cm),minimally invasive group 2(stricture length1-2 cm),open group 1(stricture length ≤1 cm)and open group 2(stricture length 1-2 cm).The four groups were compared with each other,and the surgical success rates were compared between the four groups.Results The success rate of the minimally invasive group 1 and the open group 1 was 88.57％and 93.10％,respectively.There was no significant difference between the two groups(P＞0.05).The surgical success rate of the minimally invasive group 2 and the open group 2 was 67.86％and 90.91％,respectively.The surgical success rate of the minimally invasive group 2 was significantly lower than that of the open group 2.The difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).The surgical success rate of minimally invasive group 1 and minimally invasive group 2 was 88.57％and 67.86％,respectively,the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).The success rate of operation in the open group 1 and the open group 2 was 93.10％and 90.91％,respectively,and there was no significant difference between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion Transurethral plasma resection with rod electrode is preferred for urethral stricture with length≤1 cm,because the success rate of this surgery is the same as that of open surgery,and the surgical trauma is small and the recovery is fast.For 1-2 cm urethral stricture,minimally invasive surgery has less trauma and faster recovery,but open surgery has a higher success rate.The choice of surgical method needs to weigh the advantages and disadvantages and take comprehensive consideration.
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Severe open injury of lower limbs is complex and difficult to cure in a short time,which can lead to serious infection,amputation and so on.For the treatment of open injury,wound repair is extremely important.A variety of new technologies such as new dressings,platelet-rich plasma(PRP),and vacuum sealing drainage(VSD)have recently been applied to lower limb wound repair,which can not only improve the functional prognosis and aesthetic effect,but also improve the quality of wound healing.This review will summarize the research progress of wound repair methods for open injury of lower limbs,so as to further guide clinical application.