Maniobra de handgrip y patrón pseudonormal del flujo transmitral en pacientes jóvenes con corazón estructuralmente sano / Handgrip maneuver and pseudonormal transmitral flux pattern in young patients with a structurally healthy heart

El flujo transmitral, a pesar de que su sóla modificación ya no representa un criterio para definir disfunción diastólica, sigue siendo el primer paso para el diagnóstico. El patrón pseudonormal sigue siendo un reto en cuanto a su diferenciación con el patrón normal o anormal en la población, sin embargo resulta interesante conocer la prevalencia de este patrón en poblaciones jóvenes con corazón estructuralmente sano. Para ello, se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en 38 pacientes jóvenes con corazón estructuralmente sano, sin enfermedades cardiovasculares previamente diagnosticadas, que acudieron al Centro Cardiovascular Regional ASCARDIO en el período enero-marzo 2019. Se practicó un ecocardiograma transtorácico donde se realizaron determinaciones basales del flujo transmitral y posterior a la aplicación de la maniobra de Handgrip. Los resultados demuestran que el 68% de los pacientes mostraron patrón pseudonormal del flujo transmitral. Al momento de realizar la maniobra de Handgrip, el 84% de los individuos mostraron un patrón de flujo normal mientras el 6% correspondieron a patrón pseudonormal siendo la distribución por sexo equitativa para cada categoría. La maniobra de Handgrip resulta útil para desenmascarar el patrón pseudornomal a normal del flujo transmitral y en sentido contrario, en pacientes con corazón estructuralmente sano(AU)

Transmitral flow, although its single modification no longer represents a criteria to define diastolic dysfunction, remains the first step for diagnosis. The pseudonormal pattern remains a challenge in terms of its differentiation with the normal or abnormal pattern in the population, however it is interesting to know the prevalence of this pattern in young populations with structurally healthy heart. We performed a descriptive transversal study in 38 patients with a structurally healthy heart and no known cardiovascular disease, who attended the Regional Cardiovascular Center ASCARDIO in the period January-March 2019. A transthoracic echocardiogram was performed where baseline determinations of transmitral flow and subsequent to the application of the Handgrip maneuver were made. The results show that 68% of patients had a pseudonormal pattern of transmitral flow. After performing the Handgrip maneuver, 84% of the individuals showed a normal flow pattern while 6% had a pseudonormal pattern, with an equal distribution by sex. Handgrip maneuver is useful to unmask the pseudonormal to normal pattern of transmitral flow and in the opposite direction, in patients with structurally healthy heart(AU)

Dynamics of Left Ventricular Diastolic Filling during Progressive Exercise / 中国运动医学杂志

This study was to assess diastolic filling dynamics of the left ventricle during progressive upright cycle exercise in young men. The results showed that the diastolic filling period shortened from 0.581?0.14s at rest to 0.129?0.04s at peak exercise; the peak transmitral flow velocities increased from 0.72?0.07m/s at rest to 1.60?0.10m/s at peak exercise and the mean transmitral flow velocities increased from 0.41?0 03m/s at rest to 0.96?0.13m/s at peak exercise; the peak and mean transmitral pressure gradients rose fivefold from rest to peak exercise; the mitral flow volume per beat rose by 38% at 100W workloads and then remained stable. Conclusions Increases in transmitral pressure gradients with exercise may serve principally to augment the velocity of ventricular filling with the progressively shortening diastolic time period.

The Relationship between the Excursion of Mitral Valve Leaflets Recorded by M-Mode Echocardiography and the Transmitral Inflow Measured by Doppler Echocanliography

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Movement of mitral valve during diastole and blood flow velocity through the valve can be accurately measured using M-mode and pulsed wave Doppler technique, respectively. However, the relationship between mechanical excursion and flow phenomenon at the same cardiac cycle has not been seriously investigated. METHOD: The subjects of this study included twenty cases with normal mitral flow pattern in Doppler echocardiography (Group I, mean age:44+/-20.8years, mean ejection fraction (EF):52+/-20.9%), twenty three cases with relaxation abnormality (Group II, mean age:59+/-11.4years, mean EF:43+/-18.2%) and seventeen cases with restrictive physiology (Group III, mean age: 47+/-15.9years, mean EF: 24+/-11.0%). We measured excursion of mitral leaflets at early (DE) and late (DA) diastole, area of mitral valvular opening using two dimensional calibration on M mode images, and transmitral inflow velocity (E (early ventricular filling)-, A (atrial contraction)-velocity), TVI (time velocity integral) on Doppler echocardiography. RESULTS: DE-excursions (mm) in group I, II, III were 16.8+/-4.7, 14.2+/-3.5, 15.3+/-4.1, DA-excursions (mm) were 9.8+/-3.2, 10.7+/-3.0, 8.3+/-2.7, E-areas (cm2) were 2.8+/-1.3, 2.6+/-0.8, 2.5+/-1.0, A-areas (cm2) were 1.7+/-0.8, 1.7+/-0.7, 2.0+/-0.6, respectively. In E-, A-velocity, deceleration time, E-TVI and A-TVI, there were significant differences among three groups. However, in DE-, DA-excursion, E-, A-area, there were no significant differences among three groups. Between DE excursion and E velocity, DA excursion and A velocity, and total opening area and total TVI in total subjects, significant correlations were absent. CONCLUSION: The mitral excursions and mitral opening areas on M mode images did not show any significant correlations with the mitral inflow velocities and TVI by pulsed Doppler, which suggests that the excursion of mitral leaflets is independent of transmitral inflow.

Clinical Status in Patients Who Restrictive Pattern on Doppler Transmitral Flow Pattern

BACKGROUND: Restrictive pattern on Doppler transmitral flow pattern represent reduced left ventricular compliance and associated with poor prognosis in patients with systolic dysfunction due to congestive heart failure or myocaridal infarction. Although there are many clinical evaluation about clinical significance of restrictive transmitral flow pattern, investigation about what kinds of disease reveal the characteristic restrictive transmitral flow pattern and significance according to criteria of restrictive transmitral flow pattern is few. Therefore, we have analyzed patients with restrictive transmitral flow pattern in order to evaluate clinical diagnosis and clinical significance according to criteria of restrictive transmitral flow pattern. METHODS: The study population consisted of 229 patients(male 129 patients, female 102 patients, mean age 40.6 years old) who show E/A ratio p 2 on Doppler echocardiography from september 1994 to aprial 1996. We have reviewed the medical records of that patients. RESULTS: 1) In case of patients more than 2 at E/A ratio, we found that subjects not related with cardiovascular diseases were 76 persons(33.2%), valvular heart disease 75 patients(32.3%), ischemic heart disease 25 patients(10.9%), cardiomyopathy 16 patients(6.9%). Among valvular heart disease, mitral regurgitation was most frequently observed(44.5%). In these patients, patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction were 60 patients(26.2%). 2) Patients more than 2 at E/A ratio and less than 150msec at deceleration time of E wave were 126 patients(55.0%). In these patients, we found that valvular heart disease was also most frequently observed(49 patients, 38.8%), subjects not related with cardiovascular diseases 30 persons(23.8%), cardiomyopathy 15 patients(11.9%),pericarditis 7 patients(5.6%), hypertension 3 patients(2-3%). Patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction in this group were 39 patients(31.0%). CONCLUSION: Although restrictive transmitral flow pattern on Doppler echocardiography represents reduced compliance of left ventricle or severe heart failure in patients with symptoms of congestive heart failure, this pattern also may be seen in persons not related with cardiovascular disease. Therefore, when making dicision about clinical significance of restrictive pattern, one should consider about any factors can influece the transmitral flow pattern and correlate the clinical diagnosis with mitral flow velocity.

Reconstruction of the Transmitral Flow Rate Curve with M-Mode,2-Dimensional and Doppler Echocardiography -Validation Study-

To validate ventricular diastolic phase parameters of reconstructed transmitral flow rate curve by M-mode, 2-dimensional and pulsed Doppler Echocardiography, these parameters were compared with same parameters by left ventriculography. The study population was 22 patients who received both coronary arteriography and echocardiographic examination. Transmitral flow rate curve and left ventricular filling volume curve were reconstructed from transmitral flow velocity curve by pulsed Doppler, mitral annulus diameter by two diameter by two dimensional and diastolic motion of both mitral leafltes by M-mode echocardiography. From left ventriculography, left ventricular filling volume curve and transmitral flow rate curve were made using area-length method by Sandler and Dodge. From trasmitral flow fraction, 1/2 diastolic time filling fraction, normalized peak filling volume, 1/3 diastolic time filling fraction, 1/2 diastolic time fraction, normalized peak early filling rate and ratio of early to late peak filling rate were measured. Correlation between same parameters derived from echocardiography and left ventriculography were observed. 1) Total diastolic filling volume:correlation coefficient r=0.47, P<0.05. 2) 1/3 diastolic time filling fraction:correlation coefficient r=0.90, P<0.001. 3) 1/2 diastolic time filling fraction:correlation coefficient r=0.80, P<0.001. 4) Normalized peak early filling rate:correlation coefficient r=0.57, P<0.01. 5) Ratio of early to late peak filling rate:correlation coefficient r=0.85, P<0.001. Therefore, left ventricular diastolic phase parameters of reconstructed transmitral flow rate curve using, M-mode, 2-dimensional and pulsed Doppler echocardiography seems to be useful for the noninvasive evaluation of the left ventricular diastolic function.