Vicenin-2 and vitexin participate in the in vitromodulation of the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities exerted by two Urtica circularisextracts / Participación de vicenina-2 y vitexina en la modulación de la actividad anti-inflamatoria in vitro y en la actividad antioxidante de dos extractos de Urtica circularis

Urtica circularis is an Argentinean species traditionally used to treat inflammation symptoms and oxidative stress-related diseases. Considering the uses in folk medicine, the purpose of this work was to evaluate and compare the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of two different U. circularisextracts. The contribution of vicenin-2 and vitexin, two compounds identified in the phytochemical analysis, in the biological activity of the extracts was evaluated. The anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts and the isolated compounds was tested on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages, while the antioxidant activity was evaluated through the 2,2 ́ diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and 2,2 ́-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) scavenging activities. The popular uses of both extracts were validated, i.e., the use of U. circularis ethanol extract for the treatment of inflammation, and the use of the aqueous extract to treat oxidative stress related-diseases. The differences in the biological activities observed between the extracts are probably due to qualitative and/or quantitative differences in the chemical composition and/or the occurrence of synergism between compounds.

Urtica circularis es una especie argentina utilizada para tratar los síntomas de la inflamación y enfermedades relacionadas con el estrés oxidativo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar y comparar las actividades anti-inflamatoria y antioxidante de dos extractos teniendo en cuenta su uso popular. Además, se analizó la participación de vicenina-2 y vitexina, compuestos identificados en el análisis fitoquímico, en la actividad de los extractos. La actividad anti-inflamatoria fue evaluada en macrófagos activados con lipopolisacárido (LPS). Se midió su actividad antioxidante con los métodos del 1,1,difenil-2-picril-hidrazilo (DPPH) y del ácido2,2 ́azinobis-3 etilbenzotialzolin-6-sulfónico (ABTS). Los usos populares de ambos extractos fueron validados: el extracto etanólico para la inflamación y el extracto acuoso para el tratamiento de enfermedades relacionadas con el estrés oxidativo. Las diferencias en las actividades biológicas observadas entre los extractos están probablemente relacionadas con diferencias cualitativas y/o cuantitativas en su composición química y/o a la presencia de sinergismo entre compuestos

Renal protective effects of vicenin-2 and scolymoside in a mouse model of sepsis

This study was initiated to determine whether 2 structurally related flavonoids found in Cyclopia subternata-vicenin-2 (VCN) and scolymoside (SCL)-could modulate renal functional damage in a mouse model of sepsis, and to elucidate the relevant underlying mechanisms. The potential of VCN and SCL treatment to reduce renal damage induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) surgery in mice was measured via assessment of serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), lipid peroxidation, total glutathione, glutathione peroxidase activity, catalase activity, and superoxide dismutase activity. Treatment with either VCN or SCL resulted in elevated plasma levels of BUN and creatinine, and of protein in the urine of mice with CLP-induced renal damage. Moreover, both VCN and SCL inhibited nuclear factor κB activation and reduced the induction of nitric oxide synthase and excessive production of nitric acid. VCN and SCL treatment also reduced the plasma levels of interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α, reduced lethality due to CLP-induced sepsis, increased lipid peroxidation, and markedly enhanced the antioxidant defense system by restoring the levels of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase in kidney tissues. The present results suggest that VCN and SCL protect mice from sepsis-triggered renal injury

Analysis of main active components in Desmodii Styraciflii Herba by HPLC-Q- TOF-MS and HPLC-DAD / 中草药

Objective: This study is aimed to establish a high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of- flight mass spectrometric (HPLC-Q-TOF-MS) method for analyzing the main active components in Desmodii Styraciflii Herba, and to establish an HPLC-DAD method for simultaneously determining its seven flavonoids compounds (schaftoside, isoschaftoside, vicenin-2, isoorientin, isovitexin, luteolin, and apigenin). Methods: The analysis was performed on a Phenomenex Kinetex C18 column with a gradient elution of methanol-0.2% aqueous formic acid at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The column temperature was 40 oC. The Q-TOF-MS discriminant analysis was performed under negative electrospray ion mode and the split ratio was 1∶1. Quantitative analysis of seven compounds in Desmodii Styraciflii Herba was carried by HPLC-DAD. The determination wavelength was at 272 nm. Results: Forty-one main active constituents were separated and identified by HPLC-Q-TOF-MS, including 37 flavonoids compounds and four phenolic acids. A HPLC-DAD method was successfully developed for determining seven flavonoids compounds. The standard curves for all seven compounds showed good linearity with correlation coefficients higher than 0.999 0 within the test ranges. The average recoveries (n = 6) were between 96.7%-102.4%, and RSD ≤ 4.94%. Conclusion: Analyzing the main active components provides a significant guidance for the substance basis research of Desmodii Styraciflii Herba. The HPLC-DAD method for simultaneously determining seven flavonoids compounds is accurate, reproducible, and provides the basis for the quality control of Desmodii Styraciflii Herba.

Characterization of intestinal absorption of C-glycoside flavonoid vicenin-2 from Lychnophora ericoides leafs in rats by nonlinear mixed effects modeling

AbstractVicenin-2 (apigenin-6,8-di-C-β-d-glucopyranoside) is present in hydroalcoholic extracts of the Brazilian species Lychnophora ericoides Mart., Asteraceae, leaves, and the biological effects of this compound have been demonstrated including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-tumor effects in rat models. Given the potential of this compound as a pharmacological agent, the aims of this investigation were to evaluate the extent of intestinal absorption of vicenin-2, and to determine the intestinal permeation profile using an in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion technique. A validated HPLC–UV method was applied to measure the amount of unabsorbed vicenin-2 in the gut after an oral administration of 180 mg kg-1 in five rats. A nonlinear mixed effects model was used to determine the absorption pharmacokinetic parameters assuming a first order absorption and active secretion processes for this compound, wherein the active secretion was characterized by a zero-order process. The population pharmacokinetic parameters obtained were 0.274 min-1 for the first-order absorption rate constant, 16.3% min-1 for the zero-order rate constant; the final percentage of the original dose that was absorbed in vivo was 40.2 ± 2.5%. These parameters indicated that vicenin-2 was rapidly absorbed in the small intestine. In contrast to literature information indicating no absorption of vicenin-2 in Caco-2 cells, our results suggested that vicenin-2 can be absorbed in the small intestine of rats. The finding supports further investigation of vicenin-2 as a viable oral phytopharmaceutical agent for digestive diseases.

Study on the Content Dynamic Changes of Caffeic Acid,Vicenin-2 and Isoschaftoside in Rabdosia lophanthoi-des / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for simultaneous determination of caffeic acid,vicenin-2 and isoschaftoside in Rabdosia lophanthoides to assess its optimal harvest period. METHODS:HPLC was performed on the column of Diamonsil C18 with mobile phase of methanol-0.1% phosphoric acid solution (gradient elution) at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min ,detection wave-length was 334 nm ,column temperature was 25 ℃ and volume injection was 15 μl. RESULTS:The linear range was 0.23-5.68 μg/ml for caffeic acid(r=0.999 9),0.31-7.76 μg/ml for vicenin-2(r=0.999 8)and 0.45-11.30 μg/ml for isoschaftoside(r=0.999 9);RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 2.0%,average recoveries were 95.1%-98.9%(RSD=1.8%, n=6),97.4%-101.3%(RSD=1.7%,n=6) and 95.5%-98.8%(RSD=1.4%,n=6),respectively. The contents of above-men-tioned 3 ingredients of R. lophanthoides were the highest harvested in Apr. to May and Jul. to Aug. in a year. CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,accurate and reproducible,and can be used for the simultaneous determination of caffeic acid,vicenin-2 and isoschaftoside in R. lophanthoides. The optimal harvest period is Apr. to May and Jul. to Aug. in a year.

Chemical composition of hydroethanolic extracts from Siparuna guianensis, medicinal plant used as anxiolytics in Amazon region

Siparuna guianensis Aubl., Siparunaceae, is used as anxiolytic plants in folk medicine by South-American indians, "caboclos" and river-dwellers. This work focused the evaluation of phenolic composition of hydroethanolic extract of S. guianensis through HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS/MS. The constituents exhibited protonated, deprotonated and sodiated molecules and the MS/MS fragmentation of protonated, deprotonated and sodiated molecules provided product ions with rich structural information. Vicenin-2 (apigenin-6,8-di-C-glucoside) was the main constituent found in S. guianensis together quercetin-3,7-di-O-rhamnoside and kaempferol-3,7di-O-rhamnoside. A commercial extract of Passiflora incarnata (Phytomedicine) was used as surrogate standard and also was analyzed through HPLC-DAD-ESI/ MS/MS, showing flavones C-glycosides as constituents, among them, vicenin-2 and vitexin. The main constituent was vitexin. Flavonols triglycosides was also found in low content in S. guianensis and were tentatively characterized as quercetin-3O-rutinoside-7-O-rhamnoside, quercetin-3-O-pentosyl-pentoside-7-O-rhamnoside and kaempferol-3-O-pentosyl-pentoside-7-O-rhamnoside. Apigenin and kaempferol derivatives had been reported as anxiolytic agents. Flavonoids present in this extract were correlated with flavonoids reported as anxiolytics.

Chemical and anti-ulcer evaluation of Jodina rhombifolia (Hook. & Arn.) Reissek extracts / Estudo químico e da atividade antiúlcera de Jodina rhombifolia (Hook. & Arn.) Reissek

Jodina rhombifolia (Hook. & Arn.) Reissek (Santalaceae) is a medicinal plant popularly used as an anti-ulcer medicine. The plant native from Southern Brazil was chemically investigated and tested for its in vivo gastric anti-ulcer property by chloride acid/ethanol model. The chromatographic analysis of the hydroethanol extract of its leaves revealed the presence of C-glycosylflavonoids. From the n-butanol fraction of the hydroethanol extract of its aerial parts, vicenin-2 was isolated as the main component and identified by spectroscopic methods; and, a direct comparison with authentic samples was made. This fraction afforded three other C-glycosylflavonoids: vitexin, orientin and swertisin; all of them identified by direct comparison with authentic samples. We found that the oral administration of aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts led to a significant decrease in the ulcer index.

Jodina rhombifolia (Hook. & Arn.) Reissek (Santalaceae) é uma espécie vegetal nativa do Sul do Brasil e usada externamente na medicina popular para o tratamento de úlcera na pele. Neste trabalho foi estudada a atividade antiúlcera gástrica em ratos usando como indutor ácido clorídrico/etanol. Os extratos hidroetanólico e aquoso apresentaram atividade antiúlcera no modelo utilizado. A análise cromatográfica do extrato hidroetanólico das folhas indicou a presença de C-glicosilflavonóides. Da fração n-butanólica obtida por extração seqüencial do extrato hidroetanólico foi isolada e identificada por métodos espectroscópicos a vicenina-2 como substância majoritária. Desta fração também foram identificados por CCD bidimensional, com auxílio de substâncias de referência, outros três C-glicosídeos: vitexina, orientina e swertisina.

Prepartion of reference substance of flavonoid in Desmodium styracifolium by RP-HPLC / 中成药

AIM: To develop an RP-HPLC method for preparing the reference substanc of vicenin-2 in Desmodium styracifolium. METHODS: Ethanol-extract of desmodium styracifolium was isolated and purified by RP-HPLC combining solvent extraction with column chromatography and recrystalliztion.The purity and content of vicenin-2 were identified by HPLC. RESULTS: The flvonoids were completely separated under this chromatographic condition.The purity of the reference substance was 99.0% or above. CONCLUSION: The method is simple,accurate,better on repeatability,and effective to yield high-purity product.It can be used as reference substance for the research of herbal medicine.