The Effects of Acute Binge Alcohol Consumption on the Trabecular Morphometry and Tensile Strength of Adolescent Sprague Dawley Rat Femora

SUMMARY: Excessive alcohol consumption adversely affects bone metabolism, thus resulting in reduced bone length, density, and strength. Moreover, these deficits in bone density and strength are likely to increase the risk of fragility fractures and the early onset of osteoporosis. While excessive alcohol consumption is an established risk factor for osteoporotic fractures, there remains a dearth of information in literature about bone effects of binge alcohol consumption in adolescents. Therefore, our study aimed to examine the effects of acute binge alcohol consumption on the adolescent bone micro-architecture and tensile strength. Twelve male Sprague Dawley rats aged 7 weeks were randomly placed in 2 groups: alcohol (n =6), receiving alcohol (3g/kg) and pair-fed control (n = 6), receiving an isocaloric equivalent of maltose dextrin via oral gavage for 3 days in one week (on alternative days). The femora were dissected and scanned using a Micro-Focus X-ray Computed Tomography (3D-µCT). Following reconstruction, trabecular morphometry was assessed in both the proximal and distal epiphysis, using a Volume Graphics Studio® software. A three-point bending test was employed to examine the effect of alcohol on the tensile strength of the bone. Results showed trabeculae parameters to be affected in the distal epiphysis of the femur, while in the proximal epiphysis it remained unaffected. Tensile strength parameters were also not affected by the consumption of alcohol. These findings may suggest that acute binge alcohol consumption has detrimental effects on the bone micro-architecture specific to the distal epiphysis.

El consumo excesivo de alcohol afecta negativamente al metabolismo óseo, lo que resulta en una reducción de la longitud, densidad y resistencia de los huesos. Además, es probable que estos déficits en la densidad y la fuerza ósea aumenten el riesgo de fracturas por fragilidad y la aparición temprana de osteoporosis. Si bien el consumo excesivo de alcohol es un factor de riesgo establecido para las fracturas osteoporóticas, existe escasa información en la literatura sobre los efectos óseos del consumo excesivo de alcohol en adolescentes. Por lo tanto, nuestro estudio tuvo como objetivo examinar los efectos del consumo excesivo de alcohol en la microarquitectura ósea y la resistencia a la tracción e n ratas adolescentes. Doce ratas macho Sprague Dawley de 7 semanas de edad se colocaron aleatoriamente en 2 grupos: alcohol (n = 6), que recibieron alcohol (3 g/kg) y control (n = 6), que recibieron un equivalente isocalórico de maltosa dextrina mediante sonda oral, durante 3 días en una semana (en días alternos). Los fémures se diseccionaron y escanearon mediante una tomografía computarizada de rayos X con microenfoque (3D-mCT). Después de la reconstrucción, se evaluó la morfometría trabecular tanto en la epífisis proximal como en la distal, utilizando un software Volume Graphics Studio®. Se empleó una prueba de flexión de tres puntos para examinar el efecto del alcohol sobre la resistencia a la tracción del hueso. Los resultados mostraron que los parámetros de las trabéculas se vieron afectados en la epífisis distal del fémur, mientras que en la epífisis proximal no se observaron afectados. Los parámetros de resistencia a la tracción tampoco se vieron afectados por el consumo de alcohol. Estos hallazgos pueden sugerir que el consumo excesivo de alcohol tiene efectos perjudiciales sobre la microarquitectura ósea específica de la epífisis distal del hueso.

Anatomical Diversity in Femur bones: Understanding the Morphological Variability for Surgical and Prosthetic Applications / Diversidad Anatómica en Huesos Fémur: Comprensión de la Variabilidad Morfológica para Aplicaciones Quirúrgicas y Protésicas

SUMMARY: The femur, the body's longest bone, plays a critical role in orthopaedics and radiology. Understanding its anatomy, particularly the neck-shaft angle (NSA), is vital for diagnosing bone issues and designing hip implants. While some Asian populations' femur measurements have been studied, there is a research gap concerning Sri Lankans. This study aimed to fill this gap by examining the proximal femur's anatomy in the Sri Lankan population. We analysed 45 adult human femurs (26 right, 19 left) of unknown sex, ethically sourced from the University of Sri Jayewardenepura. Femurs with fractures or pathologies were excluded. Precise measurements were recorded using digital vernier callipers, with millimetre accuracy. Parameters included mean femoral length, vertical and transverse femoral head diameters, neck axis and neck length. Each measurement was taken three times to minimize subjectivity. Right femurs had a mean length of 42.8 mm (SD±2.64), while left femurs measured 43.53 mm (SD±3.27). Mean NSA was 125.78º (SD±4.45) for left femurs and 127.59º (SD±2.06) for right. Mean femoral head diameters were 4.09mm (SD±0.30) (right) and 4.12mm (SD±0.31) (left). Mean anterior neck lengths of the right and left were 2.61 (SD±0.54) and 2.71(SD±0.50) respectively. Comparing our findings with other Asian populations highlighted significant variations in femur measurements. These discrepancies emphasize the need for population-specific data for orthopaedic interventions and raise questions about the suitability of imported prosthetics. Differences in femur length, neck length, and NSA between sides suggest potential challenges in using implants designed for one side on the other. This study underscores the necessity of population-specific data in orthopaedics, as femur measurements differ even among Asian populations. Further research and statistical analysis are essential for tailoring orthopaedic solutions to individual populations. The findings also suggest a potential need for locally manufactured prosthetics to better suit the Sri Lankan population.

El fémur, el hueso más largo del cuerpo, desempeña un papel fundamental en ortopedia y radiología. Comprender su anatomía, en particular el ángulo cuello-diáfisis (NSA), es vital para diagnosticar problemas óseos y diseñar implantes de cadera. Si bien se han estudiado las medidas del fémur de algunas poblaciones asiáticas, existe un vacío en la investigación sobre los habitantes de Sri Lanka. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo examinar la anatomía del fémur proximal en la población de Sri Lanka. Analizamos 45 fémures humanos adultos (26 derechos, 19 izquierdos) de sexo desconocido, obtenidos éticamente de la Universidad de Sri Jayewardenepura. Se excluyeron fémures con fracturas o patologías. Se registraron mediciones precisas utilizando calibradores vernier digitales, con precisión milimétrica. Los parámetros incluyeron la longitud femoral media, los diámetros vertical y transversal de la cabeza femoral, el eje del cuello y la longitud del cuello. Cada medición se tomó tres veces para minimizar la subjetividad. Los fémures derechos tuvieron una longitud media de 42,8 mm (DE ± 2,64), mientras que los fémures izquierdos midieron 43,53 mm (DE ± 3,27). La NSA media fue de 125,78º (DE±4,45) para el fémur izquierdo y de 127,59º (DE±2,06) para el derecho. Los diámetros medios de la cabeza femoral fueron 4,09 mm (DE ± 0,30) (derecha) y 4,12 mm (DE ± 0,31) (izquierda). Las longitudes medias del cuello anterior de la derecha y la izquierda fueron 2,61 (DE ± 0,54) y 2,71 (DE ± 0,50) respectivamente. La comparación de nuestros hallazgos con otras poblaciones asiáticas destacó variaciones significativas en las medidas del fémur. Estas discrepancias enfatizan la necesidad de datos específicos de la población para las intervenciones ortopédicas y plantean dudas sobre la idoneidad de las prótesis importadas. Las diferencias en la longitud del fémur, la longitud del cuello y la NSA entre lados sugieren posibles desafíos al utilizar implantes diseñados para un lado en el otro. Este estudio subraya la necesidad de datos específicos de la población en ortopedia, ya que las mediciones del fémur difieren incluso entre las poblaciones asiáticas. Es esencial realizar más investigaciones y análisis estadísticos para adaptar las soluciones ortopédicas a poblaciones individuales. Los hallazgos también sugieren una posible necesidad de prótesis fabricadas localmente para adaptarse mejor a la población de Sri Lanka.

Animal models of femoral bone defects:preparation status and characteristics / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:The repair and clinical outcome of bone defects remains a hot and difficult area of clinical research,which is a common problem that plagues clinicians.Constructing suitable,reproducible and infinitely close to clinical animal experimental models and their scientific evaluation are essential for further clinical treatment of related diseases. OBJECTIVE:To retrospectively analyze the preparation methods and characteristics of common animal models of femoral bone defects and to assess their strengths and weaknesses,thereby providing some reference for relevant researchers to select appropriate animal models of femoral bone defects. METHODS:PubMed,Web of Science,Medline,and CNKI were retrieved for relevant literature published from January 1,2000 to August 1,2022.The keywords were"bone defect,bone,bones,defect,defects,defective,animal model,animal,model,laboratory,laboratory animal,animal laboratory"in English and"bone defect,animal model,experiment"in Chinese. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Twenty-seven randomized controlled animal experiments involving rats,mice,New Zealand rabbits,and sheep were included,analyzed and assessed.The most common types of bone defects were cylindrical bone defects and segmental osteotomy bone defects,generally found in the middle and distal femur.These models are mostly used to evaluate the effects of bone repair materials,drugs,drug-loaded active substances and physical therapy on bone defect repair and explore defect healing mechanisms,particularly the weight-bearing bone defect repair mechanism.Different defect kinds and femoral bone defect ranges have been found in different animal experiments.Researchers can select the suitable animal model and bone defect type based on the goal of the experiment and then set an acceptable bone defect value.Current studies have shown that cylindrical and segmental osteotomy-induced bone defects,mainly in the distal and middle femur,are mostly used in the animal models of femoral bone defects and that the surgical methods and postoperative management are more mature and operable to provide mature experimental animal models.In terms of cylindrical bone defects,rats and New Zealand rabbits are more suitable,whereas segmental osteotomy has no special requirements and all types of animals can meet the experimental requirements.

Finite element analysis of osteoporosis in proximal femur after cannulated screw fixation for femoral neck fracture / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:After the internal fixation of cannulated screws in femoral neck fractures,because the affected limb is often unable to bear weight in the short term and the implants with high stiffness have a stress shielding effect on the fracture end,it is easy to cause osteoporosis of the affected limb and changes in the biomechanical distribution of the proximal femur,the incidence of osteonecrosis of the femoral head is high after surgery.At present,few studies have been conducted on the biomechanical effects of osteoporosis at the proximal end of the femur occurring after femoral neck fracture surgery on femoral neck fracture treated with cannulated screws. OBJECTIVE:Using finite element analysis,to investigate the biomechanical effects of osteoporosis occurring after femoral neck fracture surgery on femoral neck fracture treated with cannulated screws and explore the role of biomechanical factors in osteonecrosis of the femoral head. METHODS:Based on the obtained CT scan data of the femur in a patient with a femoral neck fracture,a proximal femoral model for internal fixation for femoral neck fracture was established by Mimics 19.0,3-Matic,UG 11.0,Hypermesh 14.0,and Abaqus software.One finite element model of the proximal femur without osteoporosis and three finite element models of the proximal femur with osteoporosis were analyzed using Abaqus software.The stress,contact pressure,displacement peak and cloud map under different components of the four models were measured and analyzed,and the internal stress changes and distribution of the femoral head were compared and analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The stresses and contact pressures of the femoral head and lower anterior cannulated screws varied more with the degree of osteoporosis.The peak displacement of the four models increased slowly with the degree of osteoporosis.By one-way analysis of variance,there was no significant effect of the degree of osteoporosis on the peak stress,contact pressure,and displacement of the different components.The internal stress distribution of the femoral head changed with the degree of osteoporosis.Changes in the biomechanical environment of the proximal femur have an important impact on osteonecrosis of the femoral head.

Finite element analysis of medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction at different flexion angles / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:The medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction is the most commonly used method for the treatment of lateral dislocation of patella at present.The ultimate goal is to adjust the patella to the normal anatomical position and restore the patella track.Currently,the main core problem of medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction is the selection of its femoral end fixation point. OBJECTIVE:Finite element method was used to analyze the limiting effect of the reconstructed medial patellofemoral ligament on the patella at different flexion angles of the knee joint,and to simulate the limiting effect of medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction at different fixation points of the femoral end on the patellofemoral end,so as to provide help for the selection of fixation points of the femoral end during the reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament. METHODS:A finite element model of knee including bone and soft tissue was established according to the extracted CT and MRI data of knee joint.When the knee flexion angle of 30° and 60° was simulated,the medial patellofemoral ligament was constructed by selecting different fixation points of femur end.The contact stress and contact area between patellofemoral joints at different points were compared,as well as the transverse binding force on patella.The equilength of the medial patellofemoral ligament constructed from the same fixation point of the femoral end at different flexion angles was verified to study the effect of various reconstruction positions of the medial patellofemoral ligament. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)A three-dimensional finite element model of the knee joint at 30° and 60° flexion angles was established to construct the medial patellofemoral ligament at different fixation points of the femur end.The medial patellofemoral ligament constructed at the same position of the femur end had usable isometric length at different flexion angles.(2)After the lateral displacement of the patella,in the transverse direction,the medial patellofemoral ligament constructed at different fixed points of the femur end produced different transverse binding force on the patella,and the transverse binding force was maximum at the anterior 10 mm and minimum at the proximal 5 mm.In the longitudinal direction,the location and size of stress concentration points on the patella cartilage were roughly the same,and the contact pressure did not change much.However,the contact area between the patella cartilage and the femoral cartilage was significantly different,with the maximum contact area at 10 mm at the front end and the minimum contact area at 5 mm at the proximal end.(3)The medial patellofemoral ligament constructed at the center of the saddle region has a good lateral restriction on the patella,but does not cause excessive restriction on the patella in the longitudinal restriction,and can achieve a good restriction on the patella.

Efficacy of joint replacement versus closed reduction and internal fixation in treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fractures combined with osteoporosis / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Stable intertrochanteric fractures can be treated by closed reduction and internal fixation,but there is no absolute advantage for unstable intertrochanteric fractures with osteoporosis. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the efficacy of arthroplasty in the treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fractures in the elderly with osteoporosis by comparing the indexes related to closed reduction internal fixation and arthroplasty. METHODS:Clinical data of 102 elderly patients with unstable intertrochanteric fractures of the femur treated in Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from January 2017 to January 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.Patients were divided into two groups according to the surgical method.In the Gamma3 group,62 cases received Gamma3 internal fixation system.In the joint replacement group,40 cases received an artificial femoral head replacement or total hip replacement.Surgical information,hospitalization,hip function,and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)There were statistical differences between the Gamma3 group and the joint replacement group in weight-bearing time(P＜0.001),hospital stay(P＜0.05),intraoperative bleeding(P＜0.001),and length of surgery(P＜0.001).The mean weight-bearing time and hospital stay were shorter in the joint replacement group than in the Gamma3 group.Intraoperative bleeding and duration of surgery were better in the Gamma3 group than in the joint replacement group.(2)There was no significant difference in Harris hip score,subitem centesimal hip score,and postoperative complications 12 months after surgery in both groups(P=0.526,0.788,0.228).(3)It is indicated that arthroplasty has achieved better outcomes in the treatment of elderly unstable intertrochanteric fractures combined with osteoporosis,enabling early weight bearing and functional exercise.Careful selection of the appropriate patient and prosthesis type for arthroplasty will result in greater patient benefit.

Lesser trochanter reconstruction in artificial femoral head replacement for elderly patients with Evans-Ⅲ femoral intertrochanteric fracture / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Artificial femoral head replacement is an effective method for the treatment of elderly unstable intertrochanteric fractures.However,the effect of lesser trochanter reconstruction in femoral head replacement for Evans-Ⅲ femoral intertrochanteric fractures has not been reported. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the effect of lesser trochanter reconstruction on the outcome of artificial femoral head replacement with long stem in elderly patients with Evans-Ⅲ femoral intertrochanteric fracture. METHODS:A retrospective analysis was performed on medical records of 45 elderly patients who underwent bipolar long-stem artificial femoral head replacement due to Evans-Ⅲ femoral intertrochanteric fractures in the Department of Bone and Joint Surgery,Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from June 2017 to May 2021.According to whether the small trochanter was reconstructed during surgery(reduction and fixation),they were divided into the reconstruction group(n=25)and the non-reconstruction group(n=20).The operation time,bleeding volume,time of getting out of bed,hospital stay time,Harris scores at 3 and 6 months postoperatively,and the incidence of complications during follow-up were compared between the two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The operation time of the reconstruction group was longer(99.72±13.41 minutes)than that of the non-reconstruction group(88.90±16.53 minutes)(t=2.369,P=0.023),and there were no significant differences in bleeding volume,time of getting out of bed or hospital stay time between the two groups(P＞0.05).(2)The Harris score of the reconstruction group(69.06±5.64 points)was higher than that of the non-reconstruction group(63.35±5.93 points)at 3 months postoperatively(t=2.982,P=0.005).At 6 months postoperatively,the Harris score of the reconstruction group(86.67±4.49 points)was higher than that of the non-reconstruction group(82.34±5.68 points)(t=2.782,P=0.009).(3)In addition,no significant difference existed in the incidence of complications between the reconstruction and non-reconstruction groups(χ2=0.008,P=0.927).(4)It is concluded that in elderly patients with Evans-Ⅲ femoral intertrochanteric fractures,lesser trochanter reconstruction in the artificial femoral head replacement significantly improved postoperative hip function despite increased operative time,demonstrating the importance of the lesser trochanter reconstruction in the artificial femoral head replacement for Evans-Ⅲ intertrochanteric fractures in the elderly people.

Biomechanical analysis on Vancouver BI periprosthetic femoral fractures fixed by a customized anatomical plate system / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:At present,the use of a locking bone plate combined with steel wire or steel cable for the treatment of periprosthetic femoral fracture often adopts monocortical fixation,which is not stable and the proximal end of the bone cannot be achieved anatomically fitted by plate.The customized anatomical plate system can effectively solve this problem. OBJECTIVE:To explore the biomechanical strength of a customized anatomical plate system in fixation of Vancouver BI periprosthetic femoral fracture. METHODS:CT thin layer scanning data of normal femurs of 1 006 cases were selected and input into the MIMICS 21.0 software to establish the three-dimensional reconstruction model of the femur,which was set as the three-dimensional reconstruction group.56 complete human femoral specimens were selected as the femoral specimen group.The measured results of the two groups for femoral anatomical appearance were compared.If there was no significant difference between the two groups,the approximate appearance of a customized anatomical plate system was designed based on the measurement results in MIMICS 21.0 software and NX11.0 software.The customized anatomical plate system was designed and prepared according to the above measurement results.Eight pairs of frozen human femurs were selected to make Vancouver BI periprosthetic femoral fracture,which of the left were thin layer scanned by dual-source CT to obtain data.The data were transferred to determine the customized anatomical plate system model by the above design software.Eight sets of customized anatomical plate systems were ultimately produced,relying on the instrument company.The eight pairs of models were numbered 1-8.The left side was fixed with the customized anatomical plate system(customized anatomical plate system group);the right side was fixed with a metal locking plate system-large locking plate(claw plate group).L1-L4 and R1-R4 were subjected to vertical short-cycle loading test and vertical loading test.L5-L8 and R5-R8 were subjected to horizontal short-cycle loading test and four-point bending test.The vertical loading test and four-point bending test were used to collect bending load,bending displacement,and bending strain.Two short cycle loading tests were used to collect strain displacement to compare the maximum load,maximum displacement,bending stiffness,and short-period displacement resistance of the two kinds of bone plates. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)There were no significant differences in all indexes between the three-dimensional reconstruction group and the femoral specimen group(P>0.05).Individual customized anatomical plate system was designed based on the measurement results combined with digital software.(2)In the vertical loading test,the maximum load was higher(P=0.015),the maximum bending displacement was smaller(P=0.014),and the bending stiffness was higher(P=0.005)in the customized anatomical plate system group compared with the claw plate group.(3)In the four-point bending test,the maximum load was higher(P=0.023),the bending stiffness was higher(P=0.005),and the maximum bending displacement was not significant(P=0.216>0.05)in the customized anatomical plate system group compared with the claw plate group.(4)In the vertical short-cycle loading test,the average level of bending displacement in the customized anatomical plate system group(0.23±0.10 mm)was significantly lower than that in the claw plate group(0.44±0.02 mm)(P<0.05).(5)There was no significant difference in the average level of bending displacement between the two groups in the horizontal short cycle loading test(P>0.05).(6)It is concluded that the customized anatomical plate system has personalized anatomical characteristics,and the fixation of Vancouver BI periprosthetic femoral fracture is more stable,which has certain significance for clinical treatment.

Establishment of a rat femoral nonunion model by intramedullary fixation / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Establishing an objective and standard animal model of bone nonunion is essential for experimental studies and treatment of nonunion. OBJECTIVE:To establish an objective animal model for experimental studies of nonunion. METHODS:Specific pathogen-free male Wistar rats were selected and prepared by cutting off a 5 mm bone defect in the middle femur,peeling off a large periosteum and removing bone marrow.Animal models were fixed with a 1.2 mm Kirschner wire.At 1,4 and 8 weeks,bone nonunion was observed by gross specimen observation,X-ray examination and histopathological examination. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The gross specimen,X-ray film and histopathological examination showed that there was no callus formation in the bone defect area,the broken end was filled with fiber tissue,and the bone callus was rare or even invisible.To conclude,the rat model of nonunion can be successfully established by osteotomy of the middle femur,large periosteum peeling and bone marrow removal.This modeling method is simple,reliable and effective.

Prolonging use of tranexamic acid is helpful to reduce perioperative hidden blood loss in senile patients with intertrochanteric fractures / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Intertrochanteric fracture of femur often occurs in the elderly,and there will be a large amount of hidden blood loss after surgery.Reducing hidden blood loss can decrease complications and hospital stay. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effect of prolonged use of tranexamic acid on hidden blood loss after proximal femoral nail antirotation implantation in senile intertrochanteric fractures. METHODS:From January 2022 to May 2023,62 elderly admitted patients with intertrochanteric fracture of femur were selected from Zigong Fourth People's Hospital.All of them were treated with proximal femoral nail antirotation implantation after closed reduction on the traction bed.According to the use time of tranexamic acid,they were divided into two groups.In the control group(n=38),1 g tranexamic acid was given intravenically 15-30 minutes before incision,and 1 g was added 3 hours later.Based on the control group,the trial group(n=24)was given 1 g tranexamic acid intravenously once for 12 hours on the first day after surgery.Blood routine examinations were performed before surgery,on the day after surgery,and on the first,third and fifth days after surgery.Hemoglobin and hematocrit were counted.The theoretical total blood loss was calculated by Cross equation,and the incidence of complications in the two groups was recorded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Through statistical analysis,there was no significant difference in the amount of dominant blood loss between the two groups(P>0.05).(2)The number of grams of hemoglobin decreased,total blood loss and hidden blood loss in the trial group during perioperative period were lower than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).(3)The hemoglobin values of the trial group on day 3 after surgery,and the hematocrit values on days 1 and 3 after surgery were higher than those of the control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05).(4)The hemoglobin and platelet count showed a downward trend after surgery,and the hemoglobin value was the lowest value on day 3,and the platelet value was the lowest value on day 1 after surgery,and then began to rise in both groups.(5)There was no significant difference in postoperative complications between the two groups(P>0.05).(6)The results show that prolonging use of tranatemic acid can effectively reduce the hidden blood loss in the treatment of femoral intertrochanteric fracture with proximal anti-rotation intramedullary nail,and does not increase the risk of complications.

Value of digital X-ray radiography and SPECT radionuclide bone imaging in diagnosing intertrochanteric fracture of femur / 中国医学装备

Objective:To investigate the application value of digital X-ray radiotherapy and single photon emission computed tomography(SPECT)radionuclide bone imaging in the diagnosis of intertrochanteric fracture of femur.Methods:A total of 70 patients who were diagnosed as intertrochanteric fracture of femur in Shijiazhuang People's hospital from January 2017 to December 2020 were selected,and they were divided into study group and control group according to random number method,with 35 cases in each group.Digital X-ray radiography combined with SPECT radionuclide bone imaging was used in the study group,and digital X-ray radiography was used in the control group.And then,the accuracy of the diagnostic results between the two groups were compared.Results:The radiographic examination indicated that 31 cases(88.6%)of 35 cases in the study group were confirmed,and 24 cases(68.6%)of 35 cases in the control group were confirmed.The diagnostic accuracy rate of the study group was significantly higher than that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(x2=4.158,P<0.05).The preoperative imaging diagnosis indicated that diagnosed number of fracture blocks in the study group was(3.57±0.50),which was significantly higher than that(2.67±0.40)in the control group,and the difference of that between two groups was statistically significant(t=8.315,P<0.05).In the actual intraoperative examining for bone continuity,5 cases were continuity and 30 cases were non-continuity.In the bone stability,13 cases were stability and 22 cases were non-stability.The study group was closer to intraoperative bone continuity and bone stability,and the differences of them between two groups were statistically significant(x2=12.857,4.644,P<0.05),respectively.Conclusion:The combination of digital X-ray radiography and SPECT radionuclide bone imaging has higher diagnostic value for intertrochanteric fracture of femur,which can provide important reference for clinical diagnosis.

Distal dynamic locking and distal static locking of proximal femoral bionic intramedullary nails: a biomechanical finite element analysis / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Objective:To characterize the biomechanics of distal dynamic locking and distal static locking of proximal femur bionic nails (PFBN) in fixation of intertrochanteric fractures by a finite element analysis.Methods:The CT image data from the hip to the upper tibia from an adult male volunteer were used to establish a three-dimensional model of the femur by Mimics 20.0 and Geomagic 2013 which was processed further into a model of Evans type I intertrochanteric fracture by software NX 12.0. With reference to the internal fixation parameters commonly used, 4 models of PFBN fixation were established: distal single transverse nail dynamic locking (model A), single oblique nail dynamic locking (model B), single nail static locking (model C) and double nail dynamic locking (model D). Abaqus 6.14 software was used to load and analyze the internal fixation stresses and displacements of fracture ends.Results:Under a 2100N loading, the peak stress was located upon the main nail in the 4 models. The smallest peak stress upon the main nail was in Model D (161.9 MPa), decreased by 15.9% compared with model A (192.5 MPa), by 15.6% compared with model B (191.9 MPa), and by 0.9% compared with model C (163.3 MPa). The peak stress upon the fixation screw was the largest in model A (95.3 MPa), the smallest in model B (91.5 MPa), and 91.5 MPa and 92.2 MPa in models C and D, respectively. The overall displacements of the implants, in a descending order, were 10.14 mm in model A, 10.10 mm in model B, 10.09 mm in model C, and 10.05 mm in model D. Similarly, the displacements of fracture ends were 0.125 mm in model A, 0.121 mm in model B, 0.110 mm in model C, and 0.098 mm in model D.Conclusion:Compared with dynamic locking, distal static locking of PFBN provides a better mechanical stability and reduces stress concentration upon internal fixation.

A comparative study of arthroscopic reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament by femoral tunnel positioning through the tendon incision technique and anteromedial technique / 中华骨科杂志

Objective:To compare the short-term effect of the arthroscopic reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) by femoral tunnel positioning through the tendon incision (TI) technique and anteromedial (AM) technique.Methods:Between December 2015 and March 2017, 176 patients with ACL injuries underwent arthroscopic ACL reconstruction at the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC were analyzed. According to the method of localization of femoral tunnel, they were divided into two groups: TI group (localization of femoral tunnel by TI for reconstruction of ACL) and AM group (localization of femoral tunnel by AM for reconstruction of ACL). There were 87 patients in the TI group (63 males and 24 females) with an age of 32.8±9.4 years (range, 19-51 years) and a body mass index (BMI) of 24.8±6.3 kg/m 2 (range, 18.1-31.7 kg/m 2), including 9 obese patients (BMI>28 kg/m 2). There were 89 patients in the AM group (59 males and 30 females) with an age of 36.7±13.0 years (range, 17-56 years) and a BMI of 25.7±5.8 kg/m 2 (range, 18.9-31.6 kg/m 2), including 11 obese patients. To evaluate whether the drill was in contact with the articular surface of the medial condyle of the femur, whether the anterior angle of the medial meniscus was damaged, the sagittal and coronal angles of the femoral tunnel and the total length of the femoral tunnel. The anterior drawer test, Lachmann test, pivot shift test, knee flexion angle (KFA), Lysholm score, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score and the incidence of postoperative complications were compared between the two groups. At the same time, the time of taking out tendon, operation time, hospital stay and recovery time were compared between two groups of obese people. Results:In the TI group, the guide pin could reach all areas of the medial wall of the lateral femoral condyle from the inferior cartilage edge to the top of the intercondylar fossa, the drill bit had no contact with the medial femoral condyle (MFC), and the anterior angle of the medial meniscus was not damaged. In AM Group, 3 cases of MFC and 1 case of anterior horn of medial meniscus were injured in order to get the best position of femoral tunnel. The angle of femoral tunnel in sagittal plane (50.2°±3.2°) and coronal plane (46.1°±5.8°) in experimental group was notably larger than that in control group (45.6°±5.4°, 38.3°±4.7°), the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the length of femoral tunnel between the two groups (38.2±3.2 mm and 37.7±2.5 mm, P>0.05). All patients were followed up for an average of 8.3±2.1 (range, 3-12) months. The positive rates of anterior drawer test, Lachmann test and pivot shift test were not significantly different between the two groups at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after operation ( P>0.05). The KFA, Lysholm and IKDC scores in both groups were significantly increased after operation ( P<0.05), but there was no significant difference of above indexes between the two groups ( P>0.05). The overall complication rate in AM group (14.6%, 13/89) was significantly higher than that in TI group (6.9%, 6/87), the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Additionally, the tendon harvesting (15.0±0.2 min vs. 26.0±0.2 min, P<0.05) and operation time (2.0±0.3 h vs. 3.0±0.4 h, P<0.05) were significantly shortened among obese patients in experimental group compared with those in control group. Conclusion:The TI technique demonstrates comparable effectiveness to the AM technique in ACL reconstruction through femoral tunnel positioning, with the added advantage of safer femoral tunnel localization. This approach minimizes the risk of iatrogenic injuries to the articular cartilage of the medial condyle of the femur and the anterior horn of the medial meniscus. Furthermore, the TI technique reduces tendon removal time, particularly beneficial for obese patients.

Hook assisted reduction in cephalomedullary nailing without traction table / Redução assistida por gancho em haste cefalomedular sem mesa de tração

ABSTRACT Introduction: Proximal femoral nailing for intertrochanteric femur fracture is sometimes a challenging procedure without a traction table, especially if complicated fracture pattern. We aimed to overcome this difficulty with the hook. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of 60 patients. 28 of the patients reduction was necessitated with a hook (group 1). The other patients did not need to use this technique (group 2, n=32). The collo-diaphyseal angle, lag screw placement, and tip-apex distance were measured using radiographs. Results: There were statistically significant differences between the two groups regarding the Garden Alignment Index, postoperative collo-diaphyseal angle measurements, and tip-apex distance. The Garden Alignment Index was found as 163.92 degrees (dg.) In the frontal plane in group 1, and 154.78 dg in group 2, respectively. In group 1, the tip-apex distance was 16.05 cm, whereas it was 25.32 cm in group 2. The collo-diaphyseal angle was 133.1º in group 1, and 128.65º in group 2. Conclusions: The hook-assisted reduction is beneficial when operating without a traction table; however, it can also be a part of the surgeons' equipment even when operating on a traction table. When difficulties in obtaining an ideal anatomical reduction in displaced intertrochanteric femoral fractures, we suggest using the hook-assisted reduction technique. Level of Evidence III; Case-control Study.

RESUMO Introdução: Frequentemente, a fixação do fêmur proximal para fratura intertrocantérica do fêmur sem uma mesa de tração é um procedimento desafiador, especialmente se o padrão da fratura for complicado. O objetivo foi superar essa dificuldade utilizando um gancho. Materiais e métodos: Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo de 60 pacientes. Em 28 desses, a redução foi necessária com um gancho (grupo 1). Os outros pacientes não precisaram usar essa técnica (grupo 2, n=32). O ângulo colo-diafisário, a colocação do parafuso lag e a distância ponta-ápice foram medidos por meio de radiografias. Resultados: Houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os dois grupos com relação ao Índice de Alinhamento de Garden, às medidas do ângulo colo-diafisário pós--operatório e à distância ponta-ápice. O índice de alinhamento de Garden foi de 163,92 graus (dg.) No plano frontal no grupo 1 e 154,78 dg no grupo 2, respectivamente. No grupo 1, a distância ponta-ápice foi de 16,05 cm, enquanto no grupo 2 foi de 25,32 cm. O ângulo colo-diafisário foi de 133,1 graus no grupo 1 e 128,65 graus no grupo 2. Conclusão: A redução assistida por gancho é benéfica quando se opera sem uma mesa de tração; no entanto, ela também pode fazer parte do equipamento do cirurgião mesmo quando se opera em uma mesa de tração. Quando houver dificuldades em obter uma redução anatômica ideal em fraturas femorais intertrocantéricas deslocadas, sugerimos o uso da técnica de redução assistida por gancho. Nível de Evidência III; Estudo de Caso-controle.

Low infection and non-union rates in polytrauma femoral fractures: a retrospective study / Baixas taxas de infecção e não união em fraturas femorais em politraumatizados: um estudo retrospectivo

ABSTRACT Objective: Assess complications and risks in staged femoral shaft fracture treatment using external fixation and intramedullary nailing (DCO). Methods: Analysis involved 37 patients with 40 fractures, mostly male (87.5%), average age 32.9 years. Data included ASA score, AO/OTA and Gustilo classifications, Glasgow Coma Score, Injury Severity Score, times to external fixation and conversion, ICU duration, nail type, and reaming status. Complications tracked were mortality, deep infection, and non-union. Results: Predominant fracture type was AO/OTA A (45%), with 40% open (Gustilo A, 93.8%). Average ISS was 21; GCS was 12.7. Median ICU stay was 3 days; average time to conversion was 10.2 days. Retrograde nails were used in 50% of cases, with reaming in 67.5%. Complications included deep infections in 5% and non-union in 2.5%. Conclusion: DCO strategy resulted in low infection and non-union rates, associated with lower GCS and longer ICU stays. Level of Evidence III; Retrospective Cohort Study.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar taxa de complicações e riscos no tratamento estagiado de fraturas diafisárias do fêmur com fixador externo e conversão para haste intramedular (DCO). Métodos: Estudo com 37 pacientes, 35 masculinos, idade média de 32,9 anos, abordando escores ASA, classificação AO/OTA, Gustilo, Glasgow e ISS, tempo até a fixação externa, na UTI e tipo de haste. Complicações como mortalidade, infecção profunda e não união foram registradas. Resultados: Fraturas tipo AO/OTA A foram as mais comuns (45%), com 40% expostas (Gustilo A, 93,8%). ISS médio de 21 e ECG de 12,7. Média de 3 dias na UTI e 10,2 dias até a conversão. Uso de haste retrógrada em 50% dos casos e fresagem em 67,5%. As complicações incluíram infecção profunda em 5% e não união em 2,5%. A não união correlacionou-se com baixo ECG e tempo prolongado na UTI. Conclusão: A estratégia de DCO mostrou-se eficaz com baixas taxas de infecção e não união, associada a baixo ECG e tempo na UTI. Nível de Evidência III; Estudo de Coorte Retrospectivo.

Stability of Proximal Femoral Osteotomies in Pediatric Bone Models Fixed with Flexible Intramedullary Nails and Evaluated by the Finite Element Method / Estabilidade de osteotomias proximais em modelos do fêmur pediátrico fixadas por hastes intramedulares flexíveis e avaliadas pelo método dos elementos finitos

Abstract Objective To evaluate the stability of osteotomies created in the subtrochanteric and trochanteric regions in a pediatric femur model fixed by flexible intramedullary rods. Methods Tomographic sections were obtained from a pediatric femur model with two elastic titanium rods and converted to a three-dimensional model. This model created a mesh with tetrahedral elements according to the finite element method. Three virtual models were obtained, and osteotomies were performed in different regions: mediodiaphyseal, subtrochanteric, and trochanteric. A vertical load of 85N was applied to the top of the femoral head, obtaining the displacements, the maximum and minimum main stress, and the equivalent Von Mises stress on the implant. Results With the applied load, displacements were observed at the osteotomy site of 0.04 mm in the diaphyseal group, 0.5 mm in the subtrochanteric group, and 0.06 mm in the trochanteric group. The maximum stress in the diaphyseal, subtrochanteric, and trochanteric groups was 10.4 Pa, 7.52 Pa, and 26.4 Pa, respectively. That is around 40% higher in the trochanteric group in regards to the diaphyseal (control). The minimum stress of the bone was located in the inner cortical of the femur. The equivalent Von Mises stress on the implants occurred at osteotomy, with a maximum value of 27.6 Pa in the trochanteric group. Conclusion In both trochanteric and subtrochanteric osteotomies, fixation stability was often lower than in the diaphyseal model, suggesting that flexible intramedullary nails are not suitable implants for proximal femoral fixations.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a estabilidade de osteotomias criadas nas regiões subtrocantérica e trocantérica em modelo de fêmur pediátrico, fixadas por hastes intramedulares flexíveis. Método A partir de um modelo de fêmur pediátrico com duas hastes elásticas de titânio, foram obtidos cortes tomográficos que foram convertidos para um modelo tridimensional. Neste modelo foi criado uma malha com elementos tetraédricos, de acordo com o método dos elementos finitos. Foram obtidos três modelos virtuais, e realizadas osteotomias em regiões diferentes: mediodiafisária, subtrocantérica e trocantérica. Foi aplicado um carregamento vertical de 85N no topo da cabeça do fêmur, obtidos os deslocamentos, a tensão máxima e mínima principal e tensão equivalente de Von Mises no implante. Resultados Com o carregamento aplicado foram observados deslocamentos no local da osteotomia de 0,04mm no grupo diafisário, 0,5mm no subtrocantérico e 0,06mm no trocantérico. A tensão máxima principal foi 10,4Pa, 7,52Pa e 26,4Pa nos grupos diafisário, subtrocantérico e trocantérico, respectivamente. Ou seja, a tensão máxima foi em torno de 40% maior no grupo trocantérico, em relação ao diafisário (controle). A face de tensão mínima do osso localizou-se na cortical interna do fêmur. A tensão equivalente de Von Mises nos implantes ocorreu na osteotomia, com valor máximo de 27,6Pa no grupo trocantérico. Conclusão Tanto nas osteotomias no nível trocantérico, quanto subtrocantérico, a estabilidade da fixação foi muitas vezes menor que no modelo diafisário, sugerindo que as hastes intramedulares flexíveis não são implantes adequados para as fixações proximais do fêmur.

Comparison of Locked Plates and Blade Plates for Varus Osteotomy of the Proximal Femur by the Finite Element Method / Avaliação entre placas bloqueadas e placas lâmina para osteotomia varizante do fêmur proximal pelo método dos elementos finitos

Abstract Objective: The present study compared the difference in load and pressure distribution behavior of the blade plate and locked plate for varus osteotomy of the proximal femur per the finite element method. Methods: Modeling was performed by scanning a medium-sized left femur with medial valgus deformity made of polyurethane. Results: The stiffness of the locked plate is higher compared with that of the blade plate. However, this difference was not significant. In addition, the locked plate has proximal locking screws to ensure that the bending moments on the screws are smaller during loading. Conclusion: In summary, both plates are well-established and effective. However, the study using the finite element method plays a fundamental role in understanding the load and pressure distribution of the implant. Moreover, it opens up new possibilities for further studies, including surgical proposals and customized implant materials.

Resumo Objetivo: Testar a diferença do comportamento de distribuição de cargas e pressões da placa lâmina comparativamente com a placa bloqueada para osteotomia varizante do fêmur proximal através do método de elementos finitos. Métodos: A modelagem foi realizada através do escaneamento de um fêmur esquerdo com deformidade medial em valgo fabricado em poliuretano de tamanho médio. Resultados: Como resultados, pode-se inferir que a rigidez da placa bloqueada é maior do que a da placa lâmina. No entanto, essa diferença não foi significativa e, além disso, a placa bloqueada possui parafusos de travamento proximal para garantir que os momentos de flexão que agem nos parafusos sejam ainda menores durante o carregamento. Conclusão: Em síntese, ambos os materiais são consagrados e eficazes para serem utilizados, porém o estudo pelo método de elementos finitos apresenta papel importante para compreendermos a situação de distribuição de cargas e pressões do implante e abre novas possibilidades para novos estudos, como, por exemplo, o estudo da proposta cirúrgica e materiais a serem implantados de forma individual e personalizada.

Medial condyle hypoplasia in adolescent and young adult patients with trochlear dysplasia: a retrospective study / Hipoplasia do côndilo medial em pacientes adolescentes e adultos jovens com displasia troclear: estudo retrospectivo

Abstract Objective: To determine the association between medial femoral condyle hypoplasia and trochlear dysplasia by analyzing the knee magnetic resonance imaging scans of young patients with or without trochlear dysplasia. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of magnetic resonance imaging scans of the knees of young individuals (16-35 years of age): 30 patients with trochlear dysplasia and 30 individuals with no signs of patellofemoral instability. The ratios between the depth, width, and height of the medial and lateral femoral condyles (dLC/dMC, wLC/wMC, and hLC/hMC, respectively) were calculated, as was the ratio between the width of the medial condyle and the total width of the femur (wMC/FW). All of the values were determined in consensus by two radiologists. Results: We evaluated 60 patients: 30 with trochlear dysplasia and 30 without. The mean dLC/dMC, wLC/wMC, and hLC/hMC ratios were higher in the patients than in the controls (p < 0.05), whereas the mean wMC/FW ratio was lower in the patients (p < 0.05). The optimal cutoff values, obtained by calculating the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves, were 1.0465 for the dLC/dMC ratio (76% sensitivity and 63.3% specificity), 0.958 for the wLC/wMC ratio (80% sensitivity and 73.3% specificity), and 1.080 for the hLC/hMC ratio (93.3% sensitivity and 93.3% specificity). Conclusion: Our findings confirm our hypothesis that trochlear dysplasia is associated with medial condyle hypoplasia.

Resumo Objetivo: Determinar a associação entre hipoplasia do côndilo femoral medial e displasia troclear mediante análise de ressonância magnética do joelho de pacientes jovens com displasia troclear e sem displasia troclear. Materiais e Métodos: Análise retrospectiva de exames de ressonância magnética de joelhos de indivíduos jovens (16 a 35 anos de idade), sendo 30 pacientes com displasia troclear e 30 indivíduos sem sinais de instabilidade femoropatelar. As razões entre a profundidade, largura e altura dos côndilos femorais mediais e laterais (dLC/dMC, wLC/wMC e hLC/hMC, respectivamente) foram calculadas, assim como a razão entre a largura do côndilo medial e a largura total do fêmur (wMC/FW). Todos os valores foram determinados em consenso por dois radiologistas Resultados: Foram incluídos no estudo 60 adolescentes e adultos jovens, 30 com displasia troclear e 30 sem displasia troclear. A média das razões dLC/dMC, wLC/wMC, hLC/hMC foi maior nos pacientes do que nos controles (p < 0,05), enquanto a média da razão wMC/FW foi menor nos pacientes (p < 0,05). Os valores de corte ótimos obtidos da área sob a curva característica de operação do receptor foram 1,0465 para dLC/dMC (sensibilidade de 76% e especificidade de 63,3%), 0,958 para wLC/wMC (sensibilidade de 80% e especificidade de 73,3%) e 1,080 para hLC/hMC (sensibilidade de 93,3% e especificidade de 93,3%). Conclusão: Nossos resultados confirmam nossa hipótese de que a displasia troclear está associada a hipoplasia do côndilo medial.

Reparación quirúrgica de fracturas de fémur distal con biomodelos impresos 3D / Surgical repair of distal femur fractures with 3D printed biomodels

Introducción: Las fracturas complejas de fémur distal AO/AOT tipo 33C3.3 constituyen un reto para los ortopedistas debido a la dificultad de su tratamiento y las complicaciones asociadas. El planeamiento y procedimiento quirúrgicos emplean placas condilares, pero estas se asocian a la pérdida de la fijación y al colapso de la reducción. Objetivo: Describir la planificación preoperatoria de una fractura de fémur distal AO/AOT 33C3.3 con bioimpresión 3D y reconstrucción por computadora. Presentación del caso: Paciente masculino de 34 años con fractura izquierda conminuta del fémur distal, AO/AOT tipo 33C3.3, por un accidente de tránsito. El planeamiento y el tratamiento quirúrgicos se realizaron exitosamente con la impresión y reconstrucción de biomodelos 3D. Basados en las imágenes tomográficas del paciente, se identificaron los principales fragmentos, la secuencia de reducción, la cantidad y la posición de los implantes a utilizar. Conclusiones: La planificación preoperatoria resulta una etapa de vital importancia en el manejo de fracturas complejas. Las técnicas convencionales pueden optimizarse con la cirugía asistida por computadora y reconstrucción con biomodelos 3D impresos. Esta novedosa propuesta permitirá el adecuado uso de materiales, una óptima secuencia de reducción, mejor estabilidad de la fractura y menor riesgo de complicaciones quirúrgicas(AU)

Introduction: Complex distal femur fractures AO/AOT type 33C3.3 constitute a challenge for orthopedists due to the difficulty of their treatment and associated complications. The surgical planning and procedure use condylar plates; but these are associated with loss of fixation and collapse of the reduction. Objective: To describe preoperative planning for an AO/AOT 33C3.3 distal femur fracture with 3D bioprinting and computer reconstruction. Case report: The case of a 34-year-old male patient is reported. He has comminuted left fracture of the distal femur, AO/AOT type 33C3.3, due to a traffic accident. Surgical planning and treatment were successfully performed with 3D biomodel printing and reconstruction. Based on the patient's tomographic images, the main fragments, the reduction sequence, the number and position of the implants to be used were identified. Conclusions: Preoperative planning is a critically important stage in managing complex fractures. Conventional techniques can be optimized with computer-assisted surgery and reconstruction with 3D printed biomodels. This novel proposal will allow the appropriate use of materials, optimal reduction sequence, better stability of the fracture and lower risk of surgical complications(AU)

Análisis Morfológico y Biométrico de la Fóvea de la Cabeza del Fémur / Morphological and Biometric Analysis of the Fovea for Ligament of Head of Femur

En la literatura actual se encuentra escasa información referente a la fóvea de la cabeza del fémur (fóvea de la cabeza del hueso fémur). Este estudio tuvo como propósito recolectar datos morfológicos y biométricos respecto a la fóvea de la cabeza del fémur y reconocer variaciones que podrían ser de utilidad en las diversas patologías de la región. Se utilizaron 46 huesos fémures humanos pertenecientes al Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Universidad de La Frontera, Chile. Para la medición de datos se utilizó material ad hoc y los datos fueron analizados el programa Excel y los softwares ImageJ e Image Pro Plus. La longitud promedio de los huesos fémures fue de 43,8 ± 2,9 cm; el ángulo de torsión del cuello fue de 23,0 ± 2,0°. En el 100 % de las muestras se observó una fóvea en el cuadrante posteroinferior de la cabeza del fémur. El área promedio de la fóvea de la cabeza del fémur fue de 1,51 ± 0,7 cm2. El perímetro fue de 4,72 ± 1,0 cm; la forma de la fóvea fue: 60,9% ovalada, 23,9% triangular y 15,2 % circular, teniendo como base la fórmula derivada del índice craneal, dejando la fórmula como feret mínimo/feret máximo, con el cual los valores mayores a 0,8 se clasificaban como circulares y los menores como ovalados. Conocer la ubicación de la fóvea de la cabeza del fémur adquiere implicancia médica, ya que una fóvea en posición anormalmente alta, en imágenes radiológicas, es un indicador de displasia pélvica. La importancia de las variaciones de la fóvea de la cabeza del fémur debe ser más investigadas para una correcta comprensión de las patologías que afectan a la cabeza femoral.

SUMMARY: In the current literature there is little information regarding the fovea for ligament of head of femur. The aim of this study was to collect morphological and biometric data regarding the fovea for ligament of head of femur and recognize variations that could be useful in the various pathologies of the region. Forty six human femur bones belonging to the Department of Basic Sciences of the University of La Frontera, Chile were used. For data measurement, ad hoc material was used and the data were analyzed with the Excel program and the ImageJ and Image Pro Plus software. The average length of the femur bones was 43.8 ± 2.9 cm; the neck torsion angle was 23.0 ± 2.0°. In 100% of the samples, a fovea was observed in the posteroinferior quadrant of the head of femur. The average area of the fovea for ligament of head of femur was 1.51 ± 0.7 cm3. The perimeter was 4.72 ± 1.0 cm; The shape of the fovea was: 60.9% oval, 23.9% triangular and 15.2% circular, based on the formula derived from the cranial index, leaving the formula as minimum feret/maximum feret, with which the values greater than 0.8 were classified as circular and those less as oval. Knowing the location of the fovea for ligament of head of femur acquires medical implications, since a fovea in an abnormally high position, in radiological images, is an indicator of pelvic dysplasia. The importance of variations in the fovea for ligament of head of femur must be further investigated for a correct understanding of the pathologies that affect the femoral head.