Trait emotional intelligence as predictor of psychological health in undergraduate medical students: A hierarchical multiple regression approach

Objectives: Trait emotional intelligence (TEI) is a key personality construct by which an individual recognizes, understands, expresses and regulates emotions in self and others to adapt to environments or achieve one’s goals. TEI skills are modifiable and have a potential to significantly influence psychological health (PH) of a person. The aims of current work were to evaluate relationship between TEI and PH of medical students and to explore the incremental validity of TEI to predict psychological distress beyond sociodemographic and educational factors in them. Materials and Methods: One hundred and thirty-two medical students (mean age 18.02 years) participated in this cross-sectional study. TEI and PH were assessed using TEI questionnaire short form (TEIQue-sf) and depression, anxiety and stress scale (DASS-21), respectively. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was carried out to determine if scores on TEIQue-sf added significantly to the prediction of psychological symptoms in medical students. Results: There was a significant negative association (r = ?0.57, P < 0.001) between TEIQue-sf and DASS-21 scores. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that after controlling for sociodemographic and educational variables, TEIQue-sf scores explained a statistically significant increment of variance (P < 0.001) in DASS-21 scores. TEI emerged as best predictor of psychological distress of medical students followed by educational factors. However, sociodemographic profile as an attribute failed to demonstrate significant capacity to predict PH of our participants. Conclusion: Our results indicate that TEI is a robust and unique predictor of better PH and plays a positive role in promoting psychological well-being

Sickle cell anemia: hierarchical cluster analysis and clinical profile in a cohort in Brazil

Abstract Introduction Sickle cell anemia is a monogenic disorder caused by a mutation in the β-hemoglobin gene, resulting in sickle hemoglobin that can polymerize. Presentation and clinical course have significant inter-individual variability and classifying these patients for severity is a challenge. Methods We applied hierarchical clusters with 10 routine laboratory tests to understand if this grouping could be associated with clinical manifestations. We included 145 adult homozygous patients (SS) at an outpatient clinic in a retrospective study. Results We found five clusters by counting those that had been differentiated by unconjugated bilirubin, reticulocytes, LDH, leukocytes, lymphocytes and monocytes. When comparing groups to clinical findings, the clusters were different only for liver abnormality. Cluster 3 had the lower median of reticulocytes, LDH, leukocytes, lymphocytes and monocytes and a higher percentage of patients under treatment. Clusters 4 and 5 had higher frequencies of liver impairment and higher medians of reticulocytes, LDH, leukocytes, lymphocytes and monocytes. Hemolysis and inflammation seemed to influence the grouping. Conclusion In our study, cluster analysis showed five groups that exhibited different degrees of inflammation and hemolysis. When comparing clinical data, the result was different only for the criteria of liver abnormality.

Association between multimorbidity, intensive care unit admission, and death in patients with COVID-19 in Brazil: a cross-section study, 2020

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Multimorbidity can influence intensive care unit (ICU) admissions and deaths due to coronavirus disease (COVID-19). OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between multimorbidity, ICU admissions, and deaths due to COVID-19 in Brazil. DESIGN AND SETTING: This cross-sectional study was conducted using data from patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) due to COVID-19 recorded in the Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System (SIVEP-Gripe) in 2020. METHODS: Descriptive and stratified analyses of multimorbidity were performed based on sociodemographic, ventilatory support, and diagnostic variables. Poisson regression was used to estimate the prevalence ratios. RESULTS: We identified 671,593 cases of SARS caused by COVID-19, of which 62.4% had at least one morbidity. Multimorbidity was associated with male sex, age 60-70 and ≥ 80 years, brown and black skin color, elementary education and high school, ventilatory support, and altered radiologic exams. Moreover, all regions of the country and altered computed tomography due to COVID-19 or other diseases were associated with death; only the northeast region and higher education were associated with ICU admission. CONCLUSION: Our results showed an association between multimorbidity, ICU admission, and death in COVID-19 patients in Brazil.

Usefulness of the STarT Back Screening Tool to Predict the Effect of Acupuncture Treatment: Evaluation of Its Risk Classification Focusing on the Changes in the Lumbar Pain Visual Analog Scale / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

  Background: The STarT (Subgrouping for Targeted Treatment) Back Screening Tool (SBST) is an established clinical evaluation tool that easily assesses the risk of chronic or refractory low back pain. This study aimed to examine the usefulness of acupuncture in patients with low back pain.  Methods: A total of 71 outpatients with low back pain who underwent acupuncture and moxibustion at the Center for Integrative Medicine, Tsukuba University of Technology, between 2019 and 2022 were included in this study, regardless of the specific medical condition causing the pain. Survey items included the SBST and lumbar pain intensity visual analog scale (VAS). Demographic factors and contents of acupuncture treatment were collected from the medical charts. The VAS score 4 weeks after the start of treatment was used as an index of clinical outcome and was analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and hierarchical multiple regression analysis.  Results: Classification using the SBST at the first visit resulted in 36, 30, and 15 patients in the low-, medium-, and high-risk groups, respectively. Repeated-measures ANOVA showed statistically significant differences in the mean VAS values with respect to differences in time point (P < 0.01), group (P < 0.01), and interaction (P < 0.05). The VAS values after 4 weeks in the high-risk group were significantly higher than those in the other two groups (both P < 0.01). In the hierarchical multiple regression analysis, with VAS as the dependent variable, the relationship between SBST classification and VAS maintained a significant positive relationship in all models, including adjustments for interaction terms and patients’ background items. A simple slope analysis indicated that this relationship was more evident in patients with lower limb symptoms than in those without symptoms.  Conclusion: The SBST could be a simple and useful tool for predicting the clinical outcomes of acupuncture.

Evaluation of hierarchical teaching model in advanced training of therapeutic blood component apheresis / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To explore the efficiency of hierarchical teaching model in advanced training of therapeutic blood component apheresis. 【Methods】 A total of 76 students who participated in the advanced training(≥3 months) of therapeutic blood component apheresis in Blood Transfusion Department of our hospital from January 2016 to December 2021 were taken as subjects. They were divided into observation group(hierarchical teaching mode, n=46) and control group (traditional teaching mode, n=30) using random number table method. The assessment scores of the two groups in terms of theoretical knowledge and experimental operation ability before and after the advanced traning were compared, and the satisfaction of students for the teaching models were collected by questionnaires. 【Results】 After training, the average score of the observation group and control group in terms of theoretical knowledge and experimental operation ability were 52.57±2.17 vs 51.00±2.73, 34.74±1.99 vs 33.40±2.42, respectively (P<0.05), and the training satisfaction was 95.35% (41/43) vs 78.57% (22/28) (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 Compared to traditional teaching mode, hierarchical teaching mode in advanced training of therapeutic blood component apheresis has better effect on the trainees to master relevant theoretical knowledge and operational skills.

Comparison on volatile components between Artemisiae Verlotori Folium and Artemisiae Argyi Folium based on GC-MS and chemometrics / 中国中药杂志

Artemisiae Argyi Folium is commonly used in clinical practice. Artemisiae Verlotori Folium, the dried leaves of Artemisia verlotorum, is often used as a folk substitute for Artemisiae Argyi Folium in Lingnan area. In this study, gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry(GC-MS) was used to detect the volatile oil components of 27 samples of Artemisiae Verlotori Folium and 13 samples of Artemisiae Argyi Folium, and the volatile components were compared between the two species. The internal standard method was combined with multi-reaction monitoring mode(MRM) to determine the content of six major volatile components. Hierarchical clustering analysis(HCA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA) were carried out for the content data. The results showed that the Artemisiae Argyi Folium samples had higher content and more abundant volatile oils than the Artemisiae Verlotori Folium samples. Artemisiae Argyi Folium mainly had the components with lower boiling points, while Artemisiae Verlotori Folium mainly had the components with higher boiling points. Terpenoids were the main volatile components in Artemisiae Verlotori Folium(mainly sesquiterpenoids) and Artemisiae Argyi Folium(monoterpenoids). In addition, Artemisiae Argyi Folium had higher content of oxygen-containing derivatives than Artemisiae Verlotori Folium. Furthermore, the stoichiometric analysis showed that the two species could be distinguished by both HCA and OPLS-DA, indicating that the volatile components of the two were significantly different. This study can provide a scientific basis for the quality evaluation and data support for the local rational application of Artemisiae Verlotori Folium in Lingnan.

Micro/nano hierarchical structure of titanium surface promotes MC3T3-E1 adhesion proliferation and drug loading potential evaluation / 口腔疾病防治

Objective @# To investigate the effect of micro/nano hierarchical structures on the adhesion and proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells, evaluate the drug delivery potential of titanium surfaces, and provide a reference for the modification of selected areas of titanium surfaces to enhance drug delivery and slow drug release. @*Methods @# Pure titanium samples (10 mm in diameter and 2.5 mm in thickness) were randomly divided into a polished group (T), anodized group (TO), and micro/nano hierarchical structure group (FTO) according to the surface treatment of the titanium. The T group was polished, the TO group was treated with anodic oxidation technology, and the FTO group was treated by femtosecond laser etching combined with anodic oxidation technology. The three surface morphologies were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the wettability of the surface was measured by the contact angle, and the surface chemical composition was analyzed by X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The depth of the FTO structure and the surface roughness were measured by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). MC3T3-E1 cell adhesion proliferation and differentiation on the surface of each group of samples was assessed by immunofluorescence staining, CCK-8, and semiquantitative analysis of Alizarin staining. A freeze-drying method was applied to load recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2), and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to assess the drug-loading potential of different surface structures. @* Results@#SEM revealed that the surface of T group titanium plates showed uniform polishing marks in the same direction. The surface of the TO group was a nanoscale honeycomb-like titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotube structure, and the FTO group formed a regular and ordered micro/nano layered structure. The contact angle of the FTO group was the smallest at 32° ± 1.7°. Its wettability was the best. The average depth of the first-level structure circular pores was 93.6 μm, and the roughness was 1.5-2 μm. The TO and FTO groups contained a high percentage of oxygen, suggesting TiO2 nanotube formation. The FTO group had the most significant surface cell proliferation (P<0.001) and the largest cell adhesion surface area (P<0.05). rhBMP-2 was slowly released for 14 d after loading in the FTO group and promoted extracellular matrix mineralization (P<0.001). @*Conclusion @#Titanium surface microprepared hierarchical structure has the effect of promoting MC3T3-E1 cell adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation with drug loading potential, which is a new method of titanium surface treatment.

Effect of Triangle hierarchical management among community patients with hypertension / 预防医学

Objective@#To evaluate the effect of Triangle hierarchical management among community patients with hypertension, so as to provide insights into the improvements of standardized hypertension management.@*Methods@#Patients with newly diagnosed hypertension from 2 community health service centers in Qiantang District of Hangzhou City by the end of 2020 were randomly assigned to the conventional group and the Triangle group. Patients in the conventional group were given health management services according to the requirements of basic public health service standard for one year, while patients in the Triangle group were given Triangle hierarchical management. The blood pressure, self-management behaviors, treatment compliance, smoking, alcohol consumption and exercise were collected using the self-management behavior scale, treatment compliance scale and self-designed questionnaires, and were compared before and after intervention with analysis of covariance and generalized estimation equations.@*Results@#Totally 200 patients with hypertension were recruited, including 100 patients in the conventional group and 100 patients in the Triangle group. There were no significant differences between the two groups before implementation of interventions in terms of gender, age, educational level or occupation (P>0.05). The reduction in blood pressure, increase in the score of treatment, diet, exercise and living habitat management and the total score of self-management behaviors, increase in the score of adherence to medication regimens, daily living management behaviors, smoking and alcohol consumption preference and the total score of treatment compliance, and increase in the number of patients with normal standard of quitting smoking, quitting alcohol consumption, exercise and blood pressure were significantly higher in the Triangle group than in the conventional group after intervention (P<0.05). @*Conclusions @#Triangle hierarchical management may increase the treatment compliance, improve the self-management behavior and facilitate hypertension control among hypertensive patients, which may be popularized for health management among community patients with hypertension.

Simultaneous determination of eleven volatile components in Cinnamomi Oleum by GC-MS / 中国中药杂志

A gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry(GC-MS) method was established for the simultaneous determination of eleven volatile components in Cinnamomi Oleum and the chemical pattern recognition was utilized to evaluate the quality of essential oil obtained from Cinnamomi Fructus medicinal materials in various habitats. The Cinnamomi Fructus medicinal materials were treated by water distillation, analyzed using GC-MS, and detected by selective ion monitoring(SIM), and the internal standards were used for quantification. The content results of Cinnamomi Oleum from various batches were analyzed by hierarchical clustering analysis(HCA), principal component analysis(PCA), and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA) for the statistic analysis. Eleven components showed good linear relationships within their respective concentration ranges(R~2>0.999 7), with average recoveries of 92.41%-102.1% and RSD of 1.2%-3.2%(n=6). The samples were classified into three categories by HCA and PCA, and 2-nonanone was screened as a marker of variability between batches in combination with OPLS-DA. This method is specific, sensitive, simple, and accurate, and the screened components can be utilized as a basis for the quality control of Cinnamomi Oleum.

Advances in enzyme immobilization based on hierarchical porous metal-organic frameworks / 生物工程学报

As an excellent hosting matrices for enzyme immobilization, metal-organic framework (MOFs) provides superior physical and chemical protection for biocatalytic reactions. In recent years, the hierarchical porous metal-organic frameworks (HP-MOFs) have shown great potential in enzyme immobilization due to their flexible structural advantages. To date, a variety of HP-MOFs with intrinsic or defective porous have been developed for the immobilization of enzymes. The catalytic activity, stability and reusability of enzyme@HP-MOFs composites are significantly enhanced. This review systematically summarized the strategies for developing enzyme@HP-MOFs composites. In addition, the latest applications of enzyme@HP-MOFs composites in catalytic synthesis, biosensing and biomedicine were described. Moreover, the challenges and opportunities in this field were discussed and envisioned.

Identification of Dalbergiae Odoriferae Lignum and Its Counterfeits by 1H-NMR Combined with Multivariate Statistical Analysis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo establish the identification method of Dalbergiae Odoriferae Lignum（DOL） and its counterfeits by nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectrum（1H-NMR） combined with multivariate statistical analysis. Method1H-NMR spectra of DOL and its counterfeits were obtained by NMR， and the full composition information was established and transformed into a data matrix， and the detection conditions were as follows：taking dimethyl sulfoxide-d6（DMSO-d6） containing 0.03% tetramethylsilane（TMS） as the solvent， the constant temperature at 298 K（1 K=-272.15 ℃）， pulse interval of 1.00 s， spectrum width of 12 019.23 Hz， the scanning number of 16 times， and the sampling time of 1.08 s. Similarity examination and hierarchical cluster analysis（HCA） were performed on the data matrix of DOL and its counterfeits， and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA） was used to analyze the data matrix and identify the differential components between them. In the established OPLS-DA category variable value model， the category variable value of DOL was set as 1， and the category variable value of the counterfeits was set as 0， and the threshold was set as ±0.3， in order to identify the commercially available DOL. The OPLS-DA score plot was used to determine the types of counterfeits in commercially available DOL， and it was verified by thin layer chromatography（TLC）. ResultThe results of similarity analysis and HCA showed that there was a significant difference between DOL and its counterfeits. OPLS-DA found that the differential component between DOL and its counterfeits was trans-nerolidol. The established category variable value model could successfully identify the authenticity of the commercially available DOL. The results of the OPLS-DA score plot showed that there were heartwood of Dalbergia pinnata and D. cochinchinensis in the commercially available DOL， and were consistent with the TLC verification results. ConclusionThere is a phenomenon that heartwood of D. pinnata and D. cochinchinensis are sold as DOL in the market. 1H-NMR combined with multivariate statistical analysis can effectively distinguish DOL and its counterfeits， which can provide a reference for the identification of them.

A novel differential diagnosis algorithm for chronic lymphocytic leukemia using immunophenotyping with flow cytometry

Abstract Introduction The availability of a clinical decision algorithm for diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) may greatly contribute to the diagnosis of CLL, particularly in cases with ambiguous immunophenotypes. Herein we propose a novel differential diagnosis algorithm for the CLL diagnosis using immunophenotyping with flow cytometry. Methods The hierarchical logistic regression model (Backward LR) was used to build a predictive algorithm for the diagnosis of CLL, differentiated from other lymphoproliferative disorders (LPDs). Results A total of 302 patients, of whom 220 (72.8%) had CLL and 82 (27.2%), B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders other than CLL, were included in the study. The Backward LR model comprised the variables CD5, CD43, CD81, ROR1, CD23, CD79b, FMC7, sIg and CD200 in the model development process. The weak expression of CD81 and increased intensity of expression in markers CD5, CD23 and CD200 increased the probability of CLL diagnosis, (p < 0.05). The odd ratio for CD5, C23, CD200 and CD81 was 1.088 (1.050 - 1.126), 1.044 (1.012 - 1.077), 1.039 (1.007 - 1.072) and 0.946 (0.921 - 0.970) [95% C.I.], respectively. Our model provided a novel diagnostic algorithm with 95.27% of sensitivity and 91.46% of specificity. The model prediction for 97.3% (214) of 220 patients diagnosed with CLL, was CLL and for 91.5% (75) of 82 patients diagnosed with an LPD other than CLL, was others. The cases were correctly classified as CLL and others with a 95.7% correctness rate. Conclusions Our model highlighting 4 markers (CD81, CD5, CD23 and CD200) provided high sensitivity and specificity in the CLL diagnosis and in distinguishing of CLL among other LPDs.

Research on the hierarchical supervision of national science and technology programs from the perspective of science and technology ethics / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:This paper analyzed the current situation and issues of ethical supervision of science and technology projects supported by central financial funds and proposed countermeasures to improve project management.Methods:Considering the practical management experience of a key special project during the 13th Five-Year Plan period, this article investigated ethical supervision issues in various stages including guideline preparation, review and approval, process management, and final acceptance, and proposed four levels of review for ethical oversight according to the characteristics of the research projects and the degree of ethical risks involved.Results:Firstly, lower-risk projects should still be reviewed by the Institutional Ethics Committee, and the project implementation unit should primarily assume responsibility for ethical supervision and follow-up on the review. Second, in addition to the review by the Institutional Ethics Committee, the Project Management Institution should strengthen ethical supervision and take risk control measures at different nodes for sensitive projects and higher ethical risk projects. Third, projects with large ethical controversies and high-risk projects should be reviewed by the National Science and Technology Ethics Committee and a public participation discussion mechanism for major ethical issues should be established. Finally, it is suggested to conduct prospective ethical studies for cutting-edge new technologies and new fields.Conclusions:In the process of managing science and technology program projects, strengthening ethical oversight in the management of science and technology projects should both standardize relevant scientific and technological research activities and not impede the growth of scientific and technological innovation. In view of the differences in ethical risks that may be involved in different projects, hierarchical examination, and supervision measures should be taken to effectively guarantee the smooth implementation of science and technology planning projects.

SWOT analysis and strategy for construction of county medical service community in Ningbo Yinzhou district / 中华全科医师杂志

The construction of county medical service community (medical community) is an important measure for building a hierarchical and integrated medical and health service system. The article takes Yinzhou District of Ningbo city as an example to elaborate the strengths and weaknesses of the internal environment and the opportunities and challenges of the external conditions using SWOT analysis in the construction of county medical community, also put forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions to provide reference for the further improvement.

Application of understanding teaching mode combined with hierarchical training in standardized training of gastrointestinal surgical nurses / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To explore the application of understanding teaching mode combined with hierarchical training in the standardized training of nurses in gastrointestinal surgery department.Methods:Sixty-three nurses who had standardized training in gastrointestinal surgery department in West China Hospital, Sichuan University from January 2018 to January 2022 were selected as the study objects, among which, 32 nurses from January 2018 to July 2020 were set as the control group, taking regular training method, and 31 nurses from August 2020 to January 2022 were set as the observation group, taking the understanding teaching mode combined with hierarchical training method. The core competence scores of the two groups after training were compared, the scores of basic theory and practical skills of the two groups were compared, and the satisfaction degree of nurses during training was compared between the two groups. SPSS 22.0 was used to perform t-test. Results:After the training, the scores of core competence in the observation group were higher than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05). The scores of theoretical assessment (96.59±3.22) and practical skills (97.09±2.88) in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (91.52±2.45)(91.14±2.85) ( P < 0.05). The total satisfaction scores of the observation group (93.48 ± 2.52) was higher than that of the control group (86.80 ± 2.22), and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05). Conclusion:It is suggested that understanding teaching mode and joint hierarchical training can improve the core ability and assessment score of nurses in gastrointestinal surgery department, and improve the satisfaction of nurses.

Exploration and practice of hierarchical training model for improving professional ability of primary pediatricians / 中华医学教育探索杂志

At present, the routine specialized training for primary pediatricians (focusing on theoretical learning of public subjects) cannot meet the needs of primary pediatricians. In order to promote the development of children's medical care at the grassroots level and improve the quality, medical and clinical research abilities of regional pediatric medical personnel, the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University has designed and built a "hierarchical training model for improving the professional ability of pediatricians" from the aspects of training objectives, training contents, training methods, construction and evaluation of training programs, and quality control. In addition, the 8-month "Pediatric Professional Basic Training" and the 9-month "Pediatric Professional Ability Improvement Training" were respectively carried out in Xianyang Children's Hospital. In the "Professional Basic Training", 88 trainees were comprehensively evaluated after training, 53 of whom were qualified or above. In the "Ability Improvement Training", 26 of the 29 students actually participated in the evaluation and reached the qualified level or above. Learners provided feedbacks that they have effectively improved their own knowledge structure, expanded their clinical diagnosis and treatment thinking and clinical research ideas, and provided some guidance for clinical work.

Radiation-induced Hierarchical Topologically Associated Domain Change and Its Role in Cellular Responses to Radiation / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

The three-dimensional (3D) genome organization plays an important role in gene regulation. As a basic functional unit of the genome, topologically associated domain (TAD) regulates multiplebiological processes such as gene expression and DNA replication and plays a role in radiation-inducedDNA damage repair. Recent studies showed that TAD is not a completely independent domain butcontains hierarchical internal domains, which could be a new mechanism of gene regulation. To explorethe role of hierarchical TAD in cellular responses to radiation, we apply the OnTAD algorithm, anoptimized nested TAD caller from Hi-C data, to identify hierarchical TAD in 26 Hi-C data from Geneexpression omnibus (GEO) database. These data were from irradiated fibroblasts, lymphoblasts andfibroblasts deficient in the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene with 5 Gy X-ray. We observe thatX-ray can regularly affect the hierarchy of TAD in which high-level TAD is prone to change and low-levelTAD is more conservative. We propose that radiation-induced TAD hierarchy change can regulate cellularresponses to radiation by regulating gene expression, and ATM is a necessary factor for radiation-inducedTAD hierarchy change and recovery. This study provides new insights into the role of the 3D genome inradiation-induced cellular responses from the perspective of hierarchical TAD structures.

Research on the Strategies for Personal Information Protection in the Period of Normalization of Epidemic Prevention and Control / 中国医学伦理学

By analyzing the theoretical basis of safeguarding citizens’ personal information right during the normalization period of epidemic prevention and control, this paper concluded that there are some problems in personal information, such as solidified collection and utilization mode, low degree of management systematization, imperfect processing technology and narrow application scope, low degree of data value development and high risk coefficient. Further combined with China’s current epidemic prevention mode and social governance characteristics, this paper put forward the idea of innovating data hierarchical management and implementing the sharing mode in the industry to reduce the number of information circulation, trace the source, strengthen data desensitization technology and broaden its application scope, make rational use of personal information and appropriately develop its commercial use to increase its utilization efficiency.

Simultaneous determination of content of eight components in Caesalpinia decapetala by UPLC-MS/MS / 中国中药杂志

The present study established the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS) method for simultaneous determination of the content of eight major active components in Caesalpinia decapetala and performed the quality evaluation of C. decapetala from different habitats with the chemical pattern recognition. The analysis was carried out on a Waters BEH C_(18) column(2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 μm) at 40 ℃, with the mobile phase of water containing 0.1% formic acid(A) and acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid under gradient elution, the flow rate of 0.3 mL·min~(-1), and the injection volume of 1 μL. The electrospray ionization(ESI) source in the negative mode and multiple reaction monitoring(MRM) were used for MS quantitative analysis. The content results were analyzed by the hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA) and principal component analysis(PCA) for the evaluation of the quality difference. Eight components showed good linear relationships within their respective concentration ranges(r>0.999), with the average recoveries of 96.85%-103.4% and RSD of 0.52%-2.8%. The analysis results showed that the quality of samples from different batches was different. The samples were classified into three clusters by HCA and PCA. The method is simple, sensitive, accurate, and efficient, and can be used for the quality evaluation of C. decapetala.

Applying the adjustment set to estimate causal effect of data based on the causal graph model / 四川精神卫生

The purpose of this paper was to introduce the five limitations of the PROC CAUSALGRAPH procedure and estimate the causal effect of the data by using the adjustment set based on the causal graph model. The five limitations were as follows： ①the PROC CAUSALGRAPH procedure could not deal with the causal graph model of directed circles； ② the PROC CAUSALGRAPH procedure could not evaluate dynamic processing scheme； ③ causal effect identification was a population concept； ④ causal effect identification was a nonparametric concept； ⑤ the PROC CAUSALGRAPH procedure could not identify the causal effect in some causal graph models. The example was for a simulated data set， using the conventional multiple Logistic regression model analysis and the causal graph model analysis， respectively. By comparing the analysis results of the two， the following conclusions were drawn： ① causal graph theory was useful in identifying causal effects in confounding situations； ② by implementing hierarchical estimation of causal effects， a good statistical estimation of causal effects could be achieved based on the identification results of the PROC CAUSALGRAPH procedure.