Résumé
Background: The herbal formulation consisting of Andrographis paniculata Nees., Cassia fistula L., Foeniculum vulgare Mill. and Cuminum cyminum L. is widely used by the local traditional practitioners in rural Northern Karnataka for spasmodic abdominal pain. Objective: The present study was undertaken to evaluate safety and spasmolytic effect of poly‑herbal formulation. Materials and Methods: Acute toxicity studies were carried out in Swiss mice, as per the Organization for Economic Co‑operation and Development (OECD) guidelines. The spasmolytic activity of the formulation was studied in isolated guinea pig ileum model using histamine and acetylcholine as agonists. The data were analyzed by one‑way ANOVA, followed by Dunnetts post‑hoc test and P ≤ 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: The formulation did not show any adverse toxic effects and found to be safe. It also showed significant (P < 0.05) relaxation in different agonist like histamine and acetylcholine‑induced contractions in guinea pig ileum. Conclusions: Antispasmodic activity of the herbal formulation can be attributed to its atropine‑like activity. The present findings, therefore, support its utility in spasmodic abdominal pain.
Résumé
Aim: The present paper investigates the effect on immune responses by a herbo-mineral formulation, Khamira Marwarid [KM], prescribed in the Indian subcontinent as a rejuvenator, especially to convalescing patients of typhoid fever, in murine model. Study Design: KM was administered orally for short, intermediate and long duration [5, 15 and 30 days respectively] at a dose of 2g/kg body weight. Results: Administration of KM enhanced the antigenic and mitogenic activity, induced by ovalbumin and Con A (mitogenic stimuli), of mice whole splenocytes. KM caused a marked increase of production of Th-1 cytokine (IFN-) and a non significant decrease of production of Th-2 cytokine (IL-4) by splenocytes when stimulated with Concanavalin A. Oral administration of KM, by itself did not induce the production of NO by macrophages, but enhanced the production of NO in response to LPS as compared to unstimulated control. However, dose duration related suppression of NO production was observed. KM also enhanced significantly the phagocytosis that was evaluated using the phagocytic rate (PR) and phagocytic index (PI). Conclusion: The results indicate the immunomodulatory potential of KM leading to a Th1 dominant immune state and activation of macrophages and may find use in immunotherapy of tumors.
Résumé
Background: The pastes prepared from roots of Plumbago zeylanica Linn. and barks of Holoptelea integrifolia Roxb. are widely used by traditional healers for the treatment of arthritis in rural northern Karnataka. Objective: The present study was undertaken to scientifi cally evaluate the safety and effi cacy of traditionally used formulations in experimental animals. Materials and Methods: The study, approved by IAEC was carried out in male Wistar rats and dermal toxicity in rabbits. Carrageenan model was used to assess effect on acute infl ammation. Paw volume were measured at 1, 2, 4, and 6th hour postchallenge. Chronic infl ammation was developed by using Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA). Paw volume, ankle joint circumference, and body weight were assessed on 1st, 4th, 8th, 14th, 17th, and 21st day. Paste was applied once every day to the infl amed area of the paw of respective groups of animals, continuously for 14 days. Statistics: The data were analyzed by one way analysis of variance followed by Dunnett’s post hoc test. P ≤ 0.05 was considered as signifi cant. Results: The formulations did not show any dermal toxicity and found to be safe. Both the pastes signifi cantly (P < 0.05) suppressed, carrageenan-induced paw edema at 6th hour and Holoptelea integrifolia appears to be more effective than Plumbago zeylanica. Signifi cant reduction was observed in paw volume, ankle joint circumference and animal body weight gained. Conclusions: The tested formulations (P. zeylanica root and H. integrifolia bark pastes) showed signifi cant antiinfl ammatory activity. The present fi ndings therefore support its utility in arthritic pain, infl ammation and the claim of traditional practitioners.