Effect of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Acalypha wilkesiana on Hematological Parameters in Male Wistar Albino Rats.

Aims: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of aqueous leaf extract of Acalypha wilkesiana on hematological parameters in male wistar rats. Study Design: In_vivo. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma Nigeria, between August 2011 and October 2011. Methodology: Thirty two male wistar rats of average body weights 167.50g were grouped into four (I-IV), of eight rats each. Group I received distilled water (control), while constituted doses of 2500, 5000 and 10000 mg/kg body weight of the extract were administered once daily for 14 days to animals in group II, III and IV respectively. The effect of administration of this extract on hematological parameters was evaluated. Results: Results showed that the extract did not exhibit any significant effect (P>0.05) on packed cell volume, hemoglobin, red blood cell count, white blood cell, neutrophil, lymphocytes, platelets, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate at all the administered doses of the extract. There was a significant reduction in mean corpuscular volume at all doses of the administered extract when compared with the control. Conclusion: The extract may be considered relatively hematotoxic at a dose of 2500 mg/kg due to its potentials to cause the formation of microcytic RBC’s.

Electrolytes and sodium transport mechanism in diabetes mellitus

The metabolic derangements and disturbances and their consequences in diabetes mellitus are well known more or less in details too. However, knowledge on the diabetic disorders in membrane functions and transport mechanisms is limited which is an essential factor in progression of the disease. Serum electrolytes were measured by flame photometer [Corning 410] and spectrophotometer [Spectro SC] in 60 diabetic patients with stable glycemic control [aged 38 +/- 2.5 years] and in 60 age-matched normal subjects with no known history of hyperglycemia as control. Erythrocytes were isolated from samples, washed and used for the estimation of sodium and potassium concentrations using flame photometer. Erythrocyte membranes were prepared for the estimation of Na+K+ATPase activity in terms of inorganic phosphate released/mg protein/hour. Na+K+ATPase activity, Intra-erythrocyte potassium and serum magnesium levels were significantly low in diabetic patients than in the controls. Serum and intra-erythrocyte sodium and serum potassium levels were increased significantly in patients as compared to control subjects. A significant effect of sex and interaction was observed on serum sodium, potassium and magnesium. A significant effect of sex, disease and interaction on red cell sodium, potassium and Na+K+ATPase activity was observed in male and female subjects. Na+K+ATPase dysfunction and changes in intra-erythrocyte and serum sodium, potassium and magnesium induced by diabetes may be implicated in the pathogenesis of neuropathy, nephropathy and vascular diseases in humans. It is suggested that male diabetic patients are at high risk of diabetic complications than females

What in the percentage of dysmorphic red blood cells in diagnosis of nephronal hematuria?

Hematuria indicates the presence of an abnormal amount of red blood cells [RBCs] in the urine. The causes of hematuria are multiple and its investigation is crucial. One of the methods for differentiating between nephronal and non-nephronal hematuria is estimation of the percentage of dysmorphic RBCs in the urine. In this cross-sectional prospective study, the data showed that the presence of 25% dysmorphic RBCs in the urine were diagnostic with a sensitivity of 92.5% and a specificity of 83.3%. Furthermore, the utility of diagnostic values of dysmorphic RBCs under light microscopy were compared with those under standard phase contrast microscopy. Results showed that there was no significant difference in the diagnostic accuracy between these two methods. In conclusion, a single, clinically relevant threshold percentage [25%] is now defined with acceptable sensitivity and specificity. Moreover, the results showed no significant difference in the diagnostic efficacy of light microscopy versus phase contrast in the diagnosis of dysmorphic hematuria

Red cell survivality in visceral Leishmaniasis [Kala-Azar]

To elucidate red cell survivality in visceral leishmaniasis [kala-azar] and to see any relation of it with duration of fever, splenic enlargement and hemoglobin concentration. Design: Prospective study of inpatients involving 32 cases of kala-azar. Setting: Medical unit-III of Rajshari Medical college, Rejshari Bangladesh. Subjects: Thirty two consequative adult parasitologically proved cases of kala-azar admitted to the medical word. Main outcome measures: Red cell life span in kala-azar and its relation with duration of fever, splenic enlargement and haemoglobin concentration. Mean [ +/- SD] duration of fever, splenic enlargement and haemoglobin concentration of the 32 [male 23, female 9] cases were 17.8 [ +/- 13.7] weeks, 7.2 [ +/- 3.6] cm old 7.6 [ +/- 2.2] gm% respectively. Red cell life span of the cases were reduced and ranged from 40-115 days with a mean [ +/- SD] of 91.4 [ +/- 20] days. It was markedly reduced in cases with duration of fever more than 20 weeks, splenic enlargement more than 8 cm and haemoglobin concentration less than 8 gm%. Red cell survivality is reduced in kala-azar and is likely to be a contributory factor in the development of anaemia in such cases. Reduced red cell life span was also found to be related to the duration of fever, splenic enlargement and haemoglobin concentration

Alteraciones electrolíticas en la hipertensión arterial esencial / Electrolytic changes in essential arterial hypertension

Se determinaron las concentraciones de sodio y potasio en plasma sanguíneo, saliva y eritrocitos en 3 grupos de pacientes. Grupo A (n=27) normotensos sin antecedentes familiares de hipertensión arterial y grupo C (n=35), individuos que padecían de hipertensión arterial. Se encontró un aumento estadísticamente significativo (p < 0,05) del sodio y una disminución del potasio intraeritrocitario, así como un aumento del sodio y potasio en la saliva en el grupo C con respecto a los demás grupos estudiados. No hubo diferencias significativas entre los grupos A y B en ninguno de los parámetros.

Técnica de Waaler-rose con eritrocitos formalinizados para la determnianción del factor reumatoide / Waaler-rose technique with formolized erythrocytes for the determination of rheumatoid factor

La técnica de Waaler-Rose donde se emplean eritrocitos de carnero formalinizados y sensibilizados con la fracción IgG de un antisuero de conejo anti-eritrocitos de carnero (WRECFS), se desarrolló sobre láminas portaobjetos, método propuesto por Milgrom y Tönder (1964) para la determinación del factor reumatoideo. Se compararon obtenidos mediante esta técnica y la prueba del Látex, en un grupo de pacientes con el diagnóstico de artritis reumatoide (AR) y en donantes de sangre sanos. El porcentaje de positividad de las técnicas ensayadas y de la prueba del Látex en pacientes con AR, fue de 47,7 y 50,8, respectivamente, y en donantes, de 0 y 1,5. Se encontró una correlación positiva y con coeficiente de correlación * = 0,88, p < 0,005 entre ambas pruebas, valores todos similares a los comunicados por otros autores

Estado de nutrición de un grupo de trabajadores de la pesca al inicio de una campaña / Nutritional status of a group of fishermen at the beginning of a campaign

Se realizó un estudio de trabajadores de la pesca para conocer su estado nutricional con respecto a algunos indicadores antropométricos y bioquímicos al iniciar una campaña de pesca. Los resultados antropométricos mostraron que no existía un problema importante de obesidad. Los resultados bioquímicos indicaron que los niveles medios de hamatócrito, hemoglobina y lípidos séricos eran noramles, pero había una situación desfavorable en cuanto a las vitaminas, pues el 82 % de los individuos tenía valores de vitamina C sérica inferiores a 22,72 *mol/L (0,40 mg/ML) y el 34,8 % tenía valores de vitamina A sérica inferiore a 0,70 *g/dL), lo que sugiere una deficiencia marginal de estas vitaminas

Validación de algunas variables bioquímicas en el estudio de la desnutrición y recuperación nutricional en ratas: II / Validation of some biochemical variables in the study of malnutrition recuperation in rats: II

Se estudia la validación de las variables relaciòn de aminoácidos no esenciales/esenciales y aminoàcidos totales en plasma, eritrocitos en músculo, así como sus cocientes respectivos eritrocitos/plasma durante la etapa de desnutrición y recuperación nutricional en un modelo experimental en ratas de uno y otro sexo, a partir de los 28 días de edad. Los resultados mostraron la efectividad del modelo empleado en las variables estudiadas y su comparabilidad con lo observado en niños desnutridos y durante la recuperación nutricional. Los estudios en músculos son de interés por evidenciar los fenoménos metabòlicos durante la desnutrición y recuperaciòn nutricional en ratas

Cálculo del tiempo de vida promedio de los hematies mediante un método computarizado / Calculation of erythrocyte mean life by a computarized method

Para calcular el tiempo de vida promedio de los hematíes (TVPH), el Comité Internacional de Estandarización en Hematología ha propuestpo varias funciones matemáticas. En este trabajo se presentan los resultados obtenidos en el estudio de la supervivencia de los hematíes (SH) a 11 pacientes con varias enfermedades hematológicas, donde el TVPH se calculó mediante un programa de computación escrito en BASIC que ajusta una de esas funciones a los datos experimentales. Aunque el número de pacientes estudiados fue pequeño, los resultados obtenidos muestran que el TVPH es el que mide con mayor exactitud la SH y está acorde con el estado y la enfermedad de los pacientes

Alteraçoës eletrocardiográficas nas pancreatites / Electrocardiographic changes in pancreatitis

A pancreatite é uma doença grave com mortalidade superior a 20%. A sua apresentaçäo clínica pode confundir-se com infarto do miocárdio ou angina de peito. Foi propósito deste trabalho o estudo dos eletrocardiogramas (ECG) de pacientes internados no Hospital das Clínicas da FMUSP com diagnóstico de pancreatite. Foram obtidos os ECG de 54 pacientes de um total de 400 doentes atendidos. Cerca de 80% dos traçados estavam alterados e as alteraçöes mais freqüentes foram: taquicardia sinusal e alteraçöes difusas da repolarizaçäo. Foram registrados bloqueios de ramo na vigência de pancreatite que näo existiam antes ou que desapareceram depois da fase aguda. Também foram observados efeito dielétrico (complexos de baixa voltagem) e corrente de lesäo

Potássio intra-eritrocitário e diureticoterapia / Intraerythrocytic potassium and diuretic therapy

A hipocalemia induzida por diurético é um dops distúrbios mais comuns e importantes durante a terpapêutica anti-hipertensiva. No entanto, tem sido sugerido que mediçöes dos níveis de potássio sérico possam näo refletir alteraçöes significativas da concentraçäo intracelular. Este estudo foi realizado para avaliar alteraçöes na concentraçäo de potássio das hemácias, comparada aos níveis séricos de potássio, em 10 pacientes que receberam clortalidona, 25 mg/dia, durante 4 semanas. As respostas anti-hipertensivas alcançadas foram significativas e, apesar dos níveis séricos de potássio em quatro pacientes, terem ficado abaixo de 3,5 mEq/1, näo ocorreram alteraçöes na concentraçäo intracelular de potássio nesta populaçäo com hipertensäo essencial

Amostra para controle de qualidade do eritrograma estavel durante 100 dias / Sample for quality control of red blood cells measurements with stability for up to 100 days

Eritrocitos de sangue humano de doadores saudaveis foram suspensos em meio CE de preservaçao, incubados durante 1 hora em glutaraldeidoa 0,5g/l, sob constante homogeneizaçao, e ressuspensos em meio CE contendo vitamina E (concentraçao final de 21 mg/l). Os resultados obtidos indicam que o tratamento e conservaçao de eritrocitos nas condiçoes especificadas podem levar a obtençao de amostras adequadas ao controle de qualidade do eritrograma, validas durante aproximadamente tres meses.

Changes in red cell sodium content and blood pressure levels with potassiumplementation in black hypertensive patients

Red cell sodium and potassium content were measured in 24 hypertensive patients while they were hypokalaemic on thiazide diuretic therapy and agin after potassium supplements (48 meq elemental K+/day). Mean and diastolic blood levels fell by 4.1-4.4 and 44.5-5.2 mmHg respectively with potassium supplementation, while both urinary excretion of potassium and serum potassium rose. Urinary sodium excretion was unchanged. Red cell potassium remained within the normal range but red cell sodium, initially high, fell with potassium therapy. This study confirms the importance of potassium supplementation where hypokalaemia results from diuretic therapy

Estudio de la eliminación de erirocitos humanos senescentes por fagocitos de sangre periférica / Study of the elimination of senescentes erytrocyte by sphagocytosis peripheral blood

El presente trabajo explora la factibilidad de que la eritrofagocitosis ocurra en la circulación periférica, utilizando un modelo in vitro para estudiar la fagocitosis de eritrocitos humanos normales, previo aumento de sus niveles internos de calcio. Para ello fueron utilizadas varias soluciones preparadas en agua bidestilada y su pH ajustado a 7.4% a temperatura ambiente, sangre de donantes adultos sanos y suero de la misma sangre de los donantes (autólogo), no descomplementado y mantenido fresco en baño de hielo hasta su utilización. Se demostró que no ocurre la eritrofagocitosis bajo las condiciones experimentales empleadas, si no que se lograron eritrocitos con total integridad física y leucocitos fagocitarios sin alteración de forma aparente y con plena viabilidad. Consecuencialmente la ausencia de eritrofagocitosis in vitro

Red cell deformability in the post myocardial infarction angina

Chemical and hoemorheological study including serum cholesterol, triglyceride, uric acid, fasting blood sugar red cell deformability, blood viscosity and hoematocrite value were carried out on 45 cases. They were classified into control group [15 patients], healed infraction group [15 patients] and post infarction angina group [15 patients]. In post-myocardial infarction angina group, the serum triglyceride, red cell flow time, and blood viscosity showed highly significant increase when compared to control group [P < 0.05, P < 0.001, P < 0.001 respectively] and also when compared to healed myocardial infarction group [P < 0.05, P < 0.001] for red cell flow time and blood viscosity respectively. The study suggests that impared red cell deformability could be considered as a pathognomonic mechanism contributing to the development of post - myocardial infarction angina