Identification Des Nouveaux Progrès Sur Les Molécules Dérivées Du Pyrazole Comme AgentsAntimicrobiens Et Antifongiques

Microbial infections remain a worldwide leading cause of death,despite the evolution of a large number of new antibiotics everyyear. Currently, several bacteria have developed resistanceagainst antibiotics drugs which remain a major issue inantibiotics drug discovery. This review provides detailedinformation about antimicrobial and antifungal agent synthesisbelonging to the pyrazoles scaffold. We reassemble the resultsobtained from several studies to characterize the importance ofheteroatom nuclei in many synthetic products. Additionally,several compounds based on pyrazole derivatives such asbenzimidazole, benzothiazole, indole, acridine, oxadiazole,imidazole, isoxazole, pyrazole, triazole, quinoline and quinazolineincluding other pyrazole containing drugs such as pyridazine,pyridine and pyrimidine are highlighted. Furthermore, you willfind in this review 134 best promise structures collected fromrecent studies, relating the pyrazoles structures to the relevantbiological activities, in particular, antimicrobial and antifungalone.

A review of experimental models in colorectal carcinogenesis / Modelos experimentais de carcinogênese colorretal

Colorectal cancer is the leading cause of malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract. A better understanding of the molecular and cellular changes that lead to the disease is necessary to develop early diagnosis and optimal treatment modalities. Rodent models are rapid, reproducible and exhibit an adenoma-carcinoma sequence similar to that found in humans. The objective of this manuscript is to review the most common chemical carcinogens used to induce experimental tumors and the usual methods of evaluation.

O câncer colorretal é a principal neoplasia maligna do trato gastrointestinal. Um melhor entendimento dos processos moleculares e celulares é necessário para o desenvolvimento de estratégias que permitam um diagnóstico precoce e um tratamento mais eficaz. Modelos que utilizam roedores são rápidos, reprodutíveis e permitem o estudo da sequencia adenoma-carcinoma de forma similar a encontrada em humanos. O objetivo desse manuscrito é revisar os principais modelos de carcinogênese química e os métodos mais usuais para avaliação dos resultados.

Carcinogenic heterocyclic amines formation and its relation with marinating process and cooking methods of chicken meat and fish

Common cooking procedures such as broiling, frying [flam-grilling], heat processing and pyrolysis of protein-rich foods induce the formation of potent mutagenic and carcinogenic heterocyclic aromatic amines [HAAs]. This research was conducted to study the effect of marinating, cooking method and cooking time on HAAs formation. Four types of HAAs [IQ, MeIQx, PhIP and A alpha C] were determined in cooked marinated and non- marinated chicken legs and fish. Chicken legs samples with and without skin were cooked by [oven-broiled] for 30, 40 and 50min, fish samples were cooked by [oven-broiled] for 30 and 40min or fried for 10min. marinating periods were 2 and 4h. for chicken and 1h. for fish. The solid- phase extraction and HPLC method was used to analyse pooled samples for HAAs content. The obtained results indicates that skinless chicken samples had a lower value of cooking loss% than samples with the skin. Marinating resulted in a considerable decrease in cooking loss% for broiled chicken samples either with or without skin. HAAs [IQ, MeIQx, PhIP and A alpha C] increased in mass with longer cooking time. The highest amount of HAAs formed in oven-broiled chicken legs was PhIP followed by MeIQx; IQ and A alpha C. A large decrease in PhIP amount was found after marinating. A alpha C was found in low quantity in marinated chicken samples and be detected after 4h marinating. Fish samples marinated for 1h lead to a decrease in cooking loss% in both oven- broiling and fried fish. Formation of IQ and MeIQx were increased in fried fish samples. But PhIP amount was decreased compared with oven-broiled samples. A alpha C type of HAAs was not detected in fried fish, while it was found in slight amount in oven-broiled fish samples. It could be concluded that cooked fish contained less amount of HAAs than chicken. HAAs formation increased with increasing cooking time. Marinating process reduces the formation of most HAAs especially PhIP. Grilled or fried chicken and fish consumption may be confounded with other healthy aspects of diet such as higher consumption of fruit, vegetables, fiber and lower intake of fat without increasing the cooking time

1-Azido-4-Phenyl-1,4-Butanedione as a convenient precursor for the synthesis of various nitrogen heterocycles

1 -AZIDO-4-phenyl-1,4-butanedione 2 proved to be a convenient precursor for the synthesis of a variety of heterocyclic systems through its treatment with some acidic and basic reagents. For example, 2-benzazepine-1,5-dione 3, 1,3-oxazolane-2,4-dione 4a, 1,3-thiazolane-2,4-dione 4b, 1,3-oxazol-5-one 5, quinazoline-2,4-dione 7, 4,6-diaryl-2-pyrimidineones 9a-d, 2,5-bis-substituted amino-1,3,4-oxadiazole II,5-aryl-2-N-substituted amino-1,3,4-oxadiazoles 13a,b, 1,2,4-triazol-3-ones 14a,b, 1,3-benzoxazine-2,4 [3H]-dione 15 and 1,3,4-oxadiazol-2[3H]-ones 16a,b

Toxocaríase visceral / Visceral toxocariasis

Larva migrans visceral é uma infecção universal que ocorre mais frequentemente em crianças menores de 10 anos de idade, caracterizada por febre, hepatomegalia, doença pulmonar e eosinofilia. O agente é o ascaris intestinal de cães e gatos. O benefício das drogas anti-helmínticas não está definido. O tratamento com tiabendazol, albendazol ou mebendazol está indicado nas complicações da doença. A transmissão da infecção pode ser prevenida estimulando as crianças a lavarem suas mãos após brincarem em áreas onde há cães