Effect of tuberosity repair on functional outcome of reverse shoulder arthroplasty in proximal humerus fractures / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

PURPOSE@#Unsatisfactory results of hemiarthroplasty in Neer's 3- and 4-part proximal humerus fractures in elderly, have led to the shift towards reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA). The objective of our study was to repair the tuberosities that are generally overlooked during RSA and observe its impact on the functional outcome and shoulder scores.@*METHODS@#We include elderly patients with acutely displaced or dislocated 3- or 4-part proximal humerus fractures from July 2013 to November 2019 who were treated with RSA along with tuberosity repair by non-absorbable sutures and bone grafting harvested from the humeral head. Open injuries and cases with neuro-muscular involvement of the deltoid muscle were excluded. According to the tuberosity healing on radiographs of the shoulder at 9th postoperative month, the patients were divided into 2 groups, as the group with successful tuberosity repair and the other with failed tuberosity repair. Statistical analysis of the functional outcome and shoulder scores between the 2 groups were done by independent t-test for normally distributed parameters and Mann-Whitney test for the parameters, where data was not normally distributed.@*RESULTS@#Of 41 patients, tuberosity healing was achieved in 28 (68.3%) and failed in 13 (31.7%) cases. Lysis of the tuberosity occurred in 5 patients, tuberosity displacement in 2, and nonunion in 2. Mean age was 70.4 years (range 65 - 79 years) and mean follow-up was 58.7 months (range 18 - 93 months). There were no major complications. Group with successful tuberosity repair showed improvement in mean active range of movements, like anterior elevation (165.1° ± 4.9° vs. 144.6° ± 9.4°, p < 0.000), lateral elevation (158.9° ± 7.2° vs. 138.4° ± 9.6°, p < 0.000), external rotation (30.5° ± 6.9° vs. 35.0° ± 6.3°, p = 0.367), internal rotation (33.7° ± 7.5° vs. 32.6° ± 6.9°, p = 0.671) and in mean shoulder scores including Constant score (70.7 ± 4.1 vs. 55.5 ± 5.7, p < 0.000), American shoulder and elbow surgeons score (90.3 ± 2.4 vs. 69.0 ± 5.7, p < 0.000), disability of arm shoulder and hand score (22.1 ± 2.3 vs. 37.6 ± 2.6, p < 0.000).@*CONCLUSION@#Successful repair and tuberosity healing around the RSA prosthesis is associated with statistically significant improvement in postoperative range of motion, strength and shoulder scores. Standardized repair technique and interposition of cancellous bone grafts, harvested from the humeral head can improve the rate of tuberosity healing.

Different forms of free radial collateral artery perforator flaps for reconstruction after removal of oral tumors / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To investigate the efficacies of different forms of free radial collateral artery perforator flaps in repairing the defects after oral tumor surgeries. Methods: From May 2016 to March 2021, 28 patients (22 males, 6 females, aged 35-62 years) with oral tumors admitted by Hunan Cancer Hospital received the reconstructive surgeries with the free radial collateral artery perforator flaps after removal of oral tumors, including 24 cases of tongue cancer (11 cases of tongue marginal cancer, 9 cases of tongue belly cancer and 4 cases of tongue cancer involved in the floor of the mouth) and 4 cases of buccal and oral cancer. Four forms of radial collateral artery perforator flaps were used: single perforator flaps for 6 cases, double perforators flaps for 7 cases, flaps without perforator visualization for 10 cases and chimeric perforator myocutaneous flaps for 5 cases. The recipient vessels were the superior thyroid artery and superior thyroid vein, and if second concomitant vein available, it was anastomosed with internal jugular vein in end-to-side fashion. SPSS 20.0 statistical software was used to analyze the data. Results: The mean length of flaps was (9.7±0.4) cm, mean width (4.4±0.3) cm and mean thickness (1.1±0.4) cm. The mean length of the vascular pedicles was (7.1±0.6)cm (6.0-8.0 cm), the mean diameter of the radial accessory arteries was (1.1±0.3)mm (0.8-1.3 mm). Eleven cases(39.3%) had respectively one accompanying vein and 17 cases(60.7%) had respectively two accompanying veins, with the mean diameter of (1.1±0.3) mm (0.8-1.3 mm). All the 28 flaps survived, the donor and recipient wounds healed in one stage, the appearances of the flaps were satisfactory, only linear scars remained in the donor sites, and the upper arm functions were not significantly affected. Follow up for 12-43 months showed that the flaps were soft with partially mucosalization, the reconstructed tongue and buccal cavity were in good shape, and the swallowing and language functions were satisfactory. The swallowing and language functions were retained to the greatest extent in 3 cases with near total tongue resection, although the functions were still significantly affected. There was no local recurrence of the tumor during follow-up. One case had regional lymph node metastasis, and further lymph node dissection and comprehensive treatment were performed, with satisfactory outcomes. Conclusions: The vascular pedicle of the radial collateral artery perforator flap has a constant anatomy, which can be prepared in different forms to improve the safety of the operation and minimize the donor site damage. It is an ideal choice for the repair of small and medium-sized defects after oral tumor surgery.

Traumatismo grave del miembro superior relacionado con el uso de una escalera mecánica. Reporte de caso pediátrico / Severe upper limb trauma related to escalator use. Pediatric case report

Las lesiones relacionadas con escaleras mecánicas suelen ser poco frecuentes, pero pueden constituir una emergencia médica con complicaciones potencialmente peligrosas. Se describe el grave compromiso en el miembro superior relacionado con una lesión ocurrida en una escalera mecánica. Paciente de 2 años, que sufrió una caída al bajar por una escalera mecánica, y terminó con el brazo izquierdo atrapado entre uno de los escalones y los peines del descenso del escalón terminal.Ingresó a Emergencias, donde, tras realizar las medidas de estabilización inicial, se trasladó a cirugía para el retiro del cuerpo extraño. No se encontró compromiso vascular o nervioso, pero sí pérdida grave de tejido celular subcutáneo. Se retiró el peine de metal, y se realizó la cirugía reparadora del miembro afectado. Requirió cuatro intervenciones más por Cirugía Plástica y Reparadora. La paciente tuvo buena evolución clínica y recibió el alta sin secuelas funcionales

Escalator-related injuries are rare but can be a medical emergency with potentially dangerous complications. The severe upper limb involvement related to injury occurred on an escalator is described.A two year-old patient suffered a fall going down an escalator; her left arm was caught between one of the steps and the comb of the last step.She was admitted to the Emergency Room for the initial stabilization. The foreign body was removed in the operating room. No vascular or nervous compromise was found, but there was severe loss of subcutaneous cellular tissue. The metal comb was removed, and repair surgery was performed on the affected limb. She required four more surgical interventions for plastic and reconstructive surgery. The patient had a good clinical evolution and was discharged without functional sequelae.

Elective amputation of the upper limb is an option in the treatment of traumatic injuries of the brachial plexus? / A amputação eletiva do membro superior é uma opção no tratamento das lesões traumáticas do plexo braquial?

ABSTRACT The treatment of complete post-traumatic brachial plexus palsy resulting in a flail shoulder and upper extremity remains a challenge to peripheral nerve surgeons. The option of upper limb amputation is controversial and scarcely discussed in the literature. We believe that elective amputation still has a role in the treatment of select cases. The pros and cons of the procedure should be intensely discussed with the patient by a multidisciplinary team. Better outcomes are usually achieved in active patients who strongly advocate for the procedure.

RESUMO O tratamento das paralisias completas após lesões traumáticas do plexo braquial que resultam em um membro superior completamente paralisado permanecem como um desafio aos cirurgiões de nervos periféricos. A opção de amputar o membro superior é controversa e raramente discutida na literatura. Acreditamos que a amputação eletiva ainda tem utilidade no tratamento de casos selecionados. Os prós e contras do procedimento devem ser intensamente discutidos com o paciente por uma equipe multidisciplinar. Os melhores resultados são geralmente obtidos em pacientes atuantes que reivindicam vigorosamente o procedimento.

Braquioplastia pós-gastroplastia: avaliação da satisfação dos pacientes / Brachioplasty after bariatric surgery: evaluation of patient satisfaction

Introdução: A deformidade dos membros superiores, causada pela perda ponderal maciça, pode ser corrigida por meio da braquioplastia. Essa cirurgia plástica visa melhorar o contorno dos membros, facilitar a higiene e possibilitar o uso de determinadas vestimentas. Objetivo: Demonstrar casuística, relatar intercorrências e complicações e avaliar a satisfação de pacientes submetidos à braquioplastia após gastroplastia. Método: Trinta e quatro pacientes (97% mulheres, idade 46,6 ± 12 anos) submetidos à braquioplastia após cirurgia bariátrica foram recrutados para o estudo. Descrevemos a ocorrência de intercorrências e complicações associadas ao procedimento cirúrgico e avaliamos a satisfação de 33 pacientes por meio de entrevista qualitativa e questionário específico. Resultados: Como complicações menores, observou-se pequena deiscência em cinco pacientes (14,7%); não foram observadas complicações cirúrgicas maiores. O grau de satisfação foi obtido em 81,8% dos pacientes e o resultado alcançado ficou próximo das expectativas de 69,7% deles. Conclusões: As técnicas utilizadas de braquioplastia pós-bariátrica restabeleceram o adequado contorno braquial, com baixo índice de complicações menores e alto grau de satisfação dos pacientes avaliados.

Introduction: Upper limb deformity caused by massive weight loss can be corrected by brachioplasty. This plastic surgery improves limb contour, facilitates hygiene, and enables use of certain clothing. Objective: To present the cases, describe interventions and complications, and evaluate the satisfaction of patients who underwent brachioplasty after bariatric surgery. Method: Herein, 34 patients (including 33 females) aged 46.6 ± 12 years, who underwent brachioplasty after bariatric surgery, were recruited for the study. Interventions and complications associated with the surgical procedure were described, and the satisfaction of 33 patients was evaluated by a qualitative interview and specific questionnaire. Results: As a minor complication, slight dehiscence was observed in five patients (14.7%), but no major surgical complications were seen. Some degree of satisfaction was reported by 81.8% of the patients, and the outcome achieved in 69.7% was close to that expected. Conclusions: The brachioplasty techniques that were used restored proper arm contour with a low rate of minor complications, and a high degree of satisfaction among the patients evaluated.

Amputação interescapulotorácica sob anestesia locorregional / Forequarter amputation under locoregional anesthesia

Forequarter amputations are an uncommon option for the treatment of upper limb and shoulder girdle tumors nowadays. This procedure can be done by different approaches and general anesthesia is commonly used. The authors report a case of forequarter amputation by the posterior approach performed for treatment of a soft-tissue sarcoma under a brachial plexus block associated with venous sedation and local anesthesia.

Estudo de lidocaína a 0,5% e combinação de lidocaína a 0,25% com fentanil e vecurônio em anestesia regional intravenosa para cirurgias de membros superiores / Study of 0.5% lidocaine alone and combination of 0.25% lidocaine with fentanyl and vecuronium in intravenous regional anesthesia for upper limb surgeries / Estudio de la lidocaína al 0,5% y en combinación de lidocaína al 0,25% con fentanilo y vecuronio en anestesia regional intravenosa para cirugías de miembros superiores

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A anestesia regional intravenosa (ARIV) para cirurgias de membros superiores com a tradicional alta dose de lidocaína pode levar a efeitos colaterais potencialmente letais. A fim de evitar esses efeitos, muitas técnicas modificadas de ARIV foram experimentadas com o uso de uma dose baixa de lidocaína, relaxante muscular e opioide. MÉTODOS: O presente estudo foi feito com 60 pacientes não medicados previamente, com classificação ASA 1-2, para comparar as características sensoriais e motoras, os parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios e os efeitos colaterais durante o período intraoperatório e de deflação pós-torniquete entre os pacientes que receberam 40 mL de lidocaína a 0,5% (n = 30) e aqueles que receberam uma combinação de 40 mL de lidocaína a 0,25% com 0,05 mg de fentanil e 0,5 mg de vecurônio (n = 30) em ARIV para cirurgias ortopédicas de membros superiores. Os resultados foram analisados com o uso do teste t de Student pareado para identificar a significância estatística. RESULTADO: A diferença entre os dois grupos em relação ao tempo médio de início e completo bloqueio sensitivo e motor foi estatisticamente significante. Porém, houve completo bloqueio sensitivo e motor em ambos os grupos 15 minutos após a injeção da solução anestésica. CONCLUSÃO: Embora a pequena demora observada no início e na obtenção completa dos bloqueios sensitivo e motor possa, teoricamente, atrasar o início da cirurgia em 10-15 minutos, clinicamente esse tempo seria gasto na preparação do campo cirúrgico. Portanto, essa combinação pode ser usada com segurança e eficácia em anestesia regional intravenosa para cirurgias ortopédicas de membros superiores com menor possibilidade de toxicidade anestésica local.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Intravenous regional anesthesia (IVRA) for upper limb surgeries with traditional high dose of lidocaine can lead to life threatening side effects. In order to avoid these potential life threatening side effects, many modified techniques of IVRA have been attempted by using a low dose of lidocaine, muscle relaxant and opioid. METHOD: The present study is carried out in sixty unpremedicated ASA Class 1 and 2 patients to compare the sensory and motor characteristics, cardio-respiratory parameters and side-effects during intra-operative and post-tourniquet deflation period between the patients who received 40 mL of 0.5% lidocaine alone (n = 30) and those who received a combination of 40 mL of 0.25% lidocaine with 0.05 mg fentanyl and 0.5 mg vecuronium (n = 30) in IVRA for upper limb orthopedic surgeries. The results were analyzed for statistical significance using a paired student t test. RESULTS: The difference between the two groups regarding the mean time of onset and complete sensory and motor block was statistically significant. But 15 minutes after the injection of anesthetic solution, there was complete sensory and motor block in both groups. CONCLUSION: Although the short delay observed in the onset and attainment of complete sensory and motor block may theoretically delay the start of surgery for 10-15 minutes but clinically that time will be spent in the preparation of surgical field. So this combination can be used safely and effectively in intravenous regional anesthesia for upper limb orthopedic surgeries with reduced chance of local anesthetic toxicity.

JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: La anestesia regional intravenosa (ARIV) para cirugías de miembros superiores con la tradicional dosis alta de lidocaína, puede conllevar a efectos colaterales que amenazan la vida. Para evitar esos efectos colaterales potencialmente amenazadores, muchas técnicas modificadas de ARIV fueron experimentadas con el uso de una dosis baja de lidocaína, relajante muscular y opioide. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: El presente estudio se hizo con 60 pacientes no medicados previamente, con clasificación ASA 1-2, para comparar las características sensoriales y motoras, los parámetros cardiorrespiratorios y los efectos colaterales durante el período intraoperatorio y de deflación pos torniquete, entre los pacientes que recibieron 40 mL de lidocaína al 0,5% sola (n = 30) y los que recibieron una combinación de 40 mL de lidocaína al 0,25% con 0,05 mg de fentanilo y 0,5 mg de vecuronio (n = 30) en ARIV para cirugías ortopédicas de miembros superiores. Los resultados se analizaron usando el teste t de Student pareado para identificar la significancia estadística. RESULTADO: La diferencia entre los dos grupos con relación al tiempo promedio de inicio y completo bloqueo sensitivo y motor, fue estadísticamente significativo. Sin embargo, hubo un completo bloqueo sensitivo y motor en ambos grupos 15 minutos después de la inyección de la solución anestésica. CONCLUSIONES: Aunque la pequeña demora observada al inicio y durante la obtención completa de los bloqueos sensitivo y motor, teóricamente pueda atrasar el inicio de la operación entre 10 y 15 minutos, clínicamente ese tiempo se gastaría en la preparación del campo quirúrgico. Por tanto, esa combinación puede ser usada con seguridad y eficacia en la anestesia regional intravenosa para las cirugías ortopédicas de miembros superiores con menor posibilidad de toxicidad anestésica local.

Posicionamento da cicatriz da braquioplastia na região inferior do braço em pacientes ex-obesos / Positioning the scar of the region brachioplasty lower arm in ex·obese patients

Brachioplasty is the surgical treatment of severe ptosis of the arm tissues, which is located on the inside and bottom, extending from the armpit to the elbow when the arm is in abduction, having or not fat deposits. Objective: The objective of this work is to show the positioning of the brachioplasty scar in the lower region of the arm, viewed only afterwards, in ex-obese patients, not being visible by patient or whoever is before him or her, during the arm abduction. Methods: 18 patients were selected and undergone bilateral brachioplasty with lower region positioning of the scar. Results: the satisfaction degree of the patients with the scar positioning in his region was relevant, allowing it to be imperceptible during arm aduction by the patient or whoever is before him or her. Conclusions: he surgical technique applied to brachioplasty is safe and reproducible, costituting a good alternative to disguise the scar in this region, important factor in ex-obese patients' surgery...

A braquioplastia consiste no tratamento cirúrgico da acentuada ptose dos tecidos do braço, que se localiza na região interna e inferior, estendendo-se da axila ao cotovelo, quando o braço está em abdução, contendo ou não depósito de gordura. Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho é mostrar o posicionamento da cicatriz da braquioplastia na região inferior do braço, visto somente posteriormente, em pacientes ex-obesos, não sendo visível pelo paciente ou por quem estiver à sua frente durante a abdução do braço. Métodos: Foram selecionados 18 pacientes, realizando-se a braquioplastia bilateral, com posicionamento da cicatrizna região inferior. Resultados: O grau de satisfação dos pacientes com o posicionamento da cicatriz nesta região foi elevado, permitindo que a mesma fique imperceptível durante a abdução do braço, não sendo vista pelo paciente ou por outra pessoa que se encontre em sua frente. Conclusões: A técnica cirúrgica apresentada para braquioplastia é segura e reprodutível, constituindo uma boa opção para disfarçar a cicatriz nesta região, fator importante na cirurgia dos pacientes ex-obesos...

Braquioplastia de aumento: cirurgia para rejuvenescimento dos braços / Augmentation brachioplasty: surgery for improving the appearance of the arms

INTRODUÇÃO: Os implantes de silicone são utilizados em diversas regiões do corpo. Em mulheres, a flacidez da musculatura do tríceps constitui um dos grandes incômodos; por outro lado, em homens, a hipertrofia da região do bíceps e tríceps é sinal de masculinidade e beleza. O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever uma técnica relativamente simples e reprodutível para aumento da circunferência do braço ou para correção de flacidez de grau leve a moderado com fins estéticos, com uso de implantes de silicone gel e elastômero. MÉTODO: Foram selecionados e operados 32 pacientes, com a introdução de no mínimo 2 implantes e no máximo 4 implantes por braço. RESULTADOS: Houve melhora significativa da estética dos braços dos pacientes estudados, com índice de satisfação superior a 90%. A melhora foi sentida na avaliação estática e em movimento do braço, grande queixa da maioria de pacientes do sexo feminino. CONCLUSÕES: A técnica cirúrgica apresentada para braquioplastia de aumento é segura e reprodutível, sendo mais uma opção no arsenal terapêutico do cirurgião plástico em sua busca por resultados melhores, com incisões menores.

BACKGROUND: Silicone implants are used in several regions of the body. In women, sagging of the triceps muscle is a major concern. Meanwhile, men consider biceps and triceps hypertrophy to be a symbol of masculinity and beauty. Here, we describe a relatively simple and reproducible procedure used for esthetic purposes to increase arm circumference or correct mild to moderately sagging skin using gel silicone implants and elastomer. METHODS: Thirty-two patients were selected and operated on. Two to four implants per arm were introduced. RESULTS: The esthetics of the arms improved significantly in the studied patients, with a satisfaction rate exceeding 90%. The procedure improved static evaluation and arm movement, which were the major complaints of majority of the female patients. CONCLUSIONS: The surgical technique presented for augmentation brachioplasty is safe and reproducible, and should be considered by plastic surgeons in an attempt to achieve better results with smaller incisions.

Técnica aprimorada de duplo fuso para braquioplastia pós-bariátrica / Improved double-fuse technique for post-bariatric brachioplasty

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o emprego da braquioplastia modificada investigando no pós-operatório tardio as complicações e a satisfação com o resultado, em mulheres previamente submetidas à cirurgia bariátrica. MÉTODOS: A população ((N=18, idade 49,2 ± 11,3 anos), que havia sido submetida à braquiopastia 25,2 ± 11,9 meses após o procedimento bariátrico, foi contactada após 31,7 ± 38,8 meses adicionais. As complicações cirúrgicas e a satisfação com a operação foram estimadas através de entrevista, incluindo-se um questionário concebido para esta finalidade. RESULTADOS: O índice de massa corporal (IMC) pré-bariátrico era de 57,1 ± 11,1kg/m², situando-se antes da braquioplastia em 28,3 ± 6,0kg/m², sem alterações significativas subsequentes. Três complicações cirúrgicas menores foram registradas (3/18, 16,7 por cento), a saber: parestesia temporária, seroma e pequena imperfeição da cicatriz. A taxa de satisfação foi de aproximadamente 90 por cento, sendo os três resultados mais gratificantes para as pacientes a facilidade de se vestir (P=0,01), a diminuição do peso do braço (P=0,03) e a ausência de edema (P=0,04). Ocorreu correlação negativa entre perda de peso acentuada e grau de satisfação, todavia, nenhuma doente arrependeu-se da intervenção cirúrgica. CONCLUSÃO: A braquioplastia modificada foi bem sucedida em casos de ptose braquial grave com possível extensão para o tórax. Confirmaram-se benefícios funcionais e estéticos, e, graças à técnica adotada, a maioria das complicações e desapontamentos pôde ser evitada.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of modified brachioplasty, investigating in late postoperative complications and satisfaction with the outcome, in women previously submitted to bariatric surgery. METHODS: The population (N = 18, age 49.2 ± 11.3 years), which had undergone brachioplasty 25.2 ± 11.9 months after the bariatric procedure, was contacted after 31.7 ± 38.8 additional months. Surgical complications and satisfaction with the operation were estimated by interviews, including a questionnaire designed for this purpose. RESULTS: pre-bariatric body mass index (BMI) was 57.1 ± 11.1 kg / m2, being 28.3 ± 6.0 kg/m2 before the brachioplasty, without significant changes thereafter. Three minor surgical complications were recorded (3 / 18, 16.7 percent), namely, temporary paresthesia, seroma and small imperfection of the scar. The satisfaction rate was approximately 90 percent, with the three most rewarding results for the patients being the ease of dressing (P = 0.01), decreased weight of the arm (P = 0.03) and absence of edema (P = 0.04). There was a negative correlation between severe weight loss and degree of satisfaction, however, no patients regretted the procedure. CONCLUSION: the modified brachioplasty was successful in cases with severe brachial ptosis with possible extension to the chest. The study confirmed functional and aesthetic benefits, and thanks to the technique applied, most of the complications and disappointments could be avoided.

Braquioplastia em pacientes ex-obesos mórbidos submetidos a gastroplastia redutora / Brachioplasty after bariatric surgery

Introdução: A obesidade é uma doença metabólica de prevalência crescente, sendo aobesidade mórbida uma condição crônica de difícil controle. A cirurgia bariátrica é umaforma de tratamento desta população, que tem como consequência um emagrecimentoacentuado, refletindo em dermocalásia de vários segmentos, alterando o contorno corporal.A braquioplastia foi descrita, em 1954, por Correa e Fernandez. No entanto, significantesinovações na técnica ocorreram na década de setenta, despertando novos interesses noassunto. Embora suportada por estudos e várias propostas técnicas, a braquioplastia podeapresentar em alguns casos resultados pouco satisfatórios. As maiores complicações estãorelacionadas a cicatriz patológica, deformidades de contorno do braço, edema persistentee possíveis lesões do sistema linfático. Método: Para avaliar o efeito da dermolipectomiabraquial na drenagem linfática dos membros superiores, estudaram-se nove pacientes, totalizando18 membros superiores. Estas foram submetidas ao exame linfocintilográfico nomomento pré-operatório, realizada a braquioplastia, e avaliado o exame linfocintilográficono pós-operatório seis meses. O critério de exclusão foi paciente com exame clínico oulinfocintilográfico alterado no pré-operatório. Os dezoito membros superiores avaliadosforam submetidos a análise estatística, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Oresultado foi estatisticamente significante, mostrando que o procedimento cirúrgico alteraa drenagem linfática dos membros superiores de acordo com as linfocintilografias, exameeste considerado padrão-ouro no estudo do sistema linfático.

Introduction: Obesity is a metabolic disease with an increased incidence, being morbidobesity a chronic condition of difficult control. The bariatric surgery is a form of treatment forthis group which leads to sizeable weight loss, hence reflecting in redundant tissue at severalbody segments, altering the body profile. The brachioplasty was firstly described in 1954 byCorrea and Fernandez. Nevertheless significant innovation in the technique have occurredin the seventies decade, gathering increased interest on this subject. Although supported bystudies and technical proposals, the brachioplasty may present in some cases, unsatisfactoryresults. The majority of the complications are related to scar sequelae, problems of shapingthe form of the arm, persistent swelling and likely injury to the lymphatic system. Methods:In order to appraise the dermolipectomy effect on lymphatic drainage of the arms, nine patientswere studied. They were evaluated by lymphoscintigraphy prior to surgery, submittedto the brachioplasty and again evaluated by lymphoscintigraphy, six month postoperative.The exclusion criteria were patients with altered clinic or lymphocintigraphy before surgery.The evaluated eighteen arms were the subject of statistic analysis with 5% significance level.Results: The result was statistically validated hence demonstrating the brachioplasty alterthe lymphatic drainage of the arms, according to lymphocintigraphy. This exam is a goldstandard to evaluate the lymphatic system.

Comparative study of different doses and routes of administration of lornoxicam for peri-operative analgesia in patients undergoing intravenous regional anesthesia for minor upper arm surgery

The use of perioperative NSAIDs has become popular in operation ranging from minor outpatient to major inpatient surgery. A systemic review suggested that NSAIDs have the most to offer as adjuncts to intravenous regional anesthesia. Lornoxicam has demonstrated clinical efficacy in relieving pain, through different routes of administrations, oral, IM, IV, and local infiltration. In this study comparison of different doses and routes of administration of Lornoxicam for peri-operative analgesia in patients undergoing intravenous regional anesthesia for minor upper arm surgery was done. 60 patients ASA 1 and 2 undergoing minor upper limb surgeries were studied Patients were randomly divided into six groups; Group I: Total volume of 40ml of pre-prepared Local intravenous solution mixed with 8mg of Lornoxicam. Group 2: Total volume of 40ml of pre-prepared Local intravenous solution mixed with 16mg of Lornoxicam. Group 3: Total volume of 40ml of pre-prepared Local intravenous solution plus Lornoxicam 8mg intramuscular. Group 4: Total volume of 40ml of pre-prepared Local intravenous solution plus Lornoxicam 16mg intramuscular. Group 5: Total volume of 40ml of pre-prepared Local intravenous solution plus Lornoxicam 8mg intravenously. Group 6: Total volume of 40ml of pre-prepared Local intravenous solution plus Lornoxicam 16mg intravenously. Better qualities of block, less tourniquet pain, and better quality of postoperative analgesia were found in groups 1, 2 that had lornoxicam combined with lidocaine compared with other groups used lornoxicam intravenously or intramuscular [p<0.05]. Moreover, using lornoxicam 16mg proved to be better than lornoxicam 8mg when combined with total intravenous solution [p<0.05]. Lornoxicam used in the local intravenous solution gave better quality of intraoperative condition and postoperative analgesia without increase in the incidence of side effects compared with lornoxicam used intramuscularly or intravenously. Also lornoxicam 16mg provide better intraoperative analgesia compared to lornoxicam 8mg when both were used locally with local intravenous regional analgesia

Dermolipectomias braquiais ampliadas ao antebraço e tronco: indicações, resultados / Enlarged brachial dermolipectomies to the upper arm and trunk: indications, technique and result

O tratamento de braços obesos ou flácidos tem sido feito, há décadas, através de ressecções de segmento fusiforme de pele, precedidos ou não por lipoaspiração. Após o advento da lipoaspiração essa técnica tem sido empregada no membro superior beneficiando, entretanto, pequeno número de pacientes que não apresentam flacidez. Poucos trabalhos científicos têm sido apresentados e publicados sobre o tema e poucas variações acrescidas às técnicas básicas. Tais fatos devem-se, principalmente, à baixa incidência desse tipo de cirurgia entre as intervenções estéticas. Os autores apresentam sua experiência em dermolipectomias braquiais e na ampliação dessa cirurgia em caso de flacidez importante de antebraço, axila e tronco. Demonstram modificações técnicas e apresentam resultados.

Treatment of obese or flaccid arms is peformed, for decades, by simple resection of eliptical segment of skin, sometimes with previous liposuction. A few scientific papers have been presented or published about this theme. By other side, few variations were added to the basic techniques. This fact is done, mainly to the low incidence of brachial dermolipectomy among aesthetic surgeries. Authors present their experience in this kind of surgery and the extension of resection to the forearm and to the thorax in patients with large flaccidity. They present technique modifications and discuss results.

Rejuvenescimento do braço: sistematização de tratamento / Arm renewing: treatment systematization

Este estudo avaliou 10 pacientes operadas com o objetivo de rejuvenescimento do braço, no período de março a novembro de 2002, no Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná. Os pacientes foram divididos em quatro grupos conforme o grau de flacidez e o volume de tecido celular subcutâneo do braço, segundo a classificação de TEIMOURIAN (1998). O tratamento cirúrgico foi individualizado para cada grupo. O primeiro grupo (duas pacientes) apresentava adiposidade moderada e flacidez mínima e foi submetido a lipoaspiração com bons resultados. O segundo grupo, (duas pacientes) apresentava moderada adiposidade e moderada flacidez de pele e optou-se pela realização de lipoaspiração do braço seguido de sutura externa formando uma prega de pele na axila. As pregas axilares evoluíram com resultado estético insatisfatório, necessitando reoperação após 6 meses com ressecção do excesso de pele, além de serem mais dolorosos que os demais grupos. O terceiro grupo (3 pacientes) apresentava flacidez moderada e adiposidade intensa, onde se indicou lipoaspiração seguido de braquioplastia com ressecção pele e fechamento em forma de “T”, obtendo-se bons resultados. O quarto grupo (duas pacientes) apresentava mínima adiposidade e intensa flacidez de pele e foram submetidas a braquioplastia tradicional com ressecção do excesso de pele evoluindo com cicatrizes extensas, porém de boa qualidade.

This study has availed 10 operated patients looking for the arm rejuvenation, in the period from march to november of 2002 in Hosp. das Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná. The patients were divided in four groups according to the flaccid level and to the arm loose tissue volume, due to the TEIMOURIAN classification (1998).The surgical approach was individualized for each group. The first group(two patients) presented moderate adiposity and a few flaccid and underwent to liposuction with good results. The second group(two patients) presented mild adiposity and skin limpness, and decided a arm liposuction followed by a extern suture forming a skin ridge in the axilla. The axillary rigde developed with unsatisfactory. The third group (two patients) consists of patients who have excess fat and a fair amount of loose skin, decided a liposuction followed by a resected skin defect with the T excision with good results. The fourth group (two patients) consist of patients who skin laxity and depletion of subcutaneous fat making brachioplasty the procedure of choice, with extensive scars and visible, but tolerate.

Causes of upper limb amputations at the royal Medical Services

To determine causes of upper limb amputation at the Jordanian Royal Medical Services. A retrospective study was conducted between January 1988 and January 2000 on amputees who attended the Orthotic-Prosthetic clinic at the Royal Rehabilitation Center [RRC] in the Royal Medical Services [RMS]. Analysis of patients' records to identify the causes of upper limb amputation for amputees who attended the clinic in 12-years period was done. Two hundred and forty nine amputees with 272 amputations were recorded. Male to female ratio was 2.8:1. The mean age was 18.1 years. Males were older than females with mean age 20.2 years and 12.2 years respectively. The partial hand amputation was the most common level of amputation, [31.3%], followed by trans-radial [26.5%] and trans-humeral amputation [21.8%]. Five groups of causes were detected, trauma, congenital deformities, vascular diseases, tumors, and infections. Trauma was the leading cause of amputation [72.7%], followed by congenital deformities [19.3%] and vascular diseases [4.4%]. The amputation had different causes, the leading cause was trauma, which may be preventable and requires special programs for work safety orientation and prevention procedures. The congenital causes were high and call for more studies to find out explanations

Thoracoscopic upper thoracic sympathectomy for upper limb hyperhidrosis

To present a 30-month experience in thoracoscopic upper thoracic sympathectomy [TUTS] in Kuwait in 20 patients with upper limb hyperhidrosis [ULH]. We performed 40 TUTSs in 20 patients with bilateral ULH. The T2-4 or T2-5 sympathetic ganglia were resected in 36 cases. Only the T2-3 ganglia were resected in 4 cases due to difficult localization of the 4th ganglion. Both sides were performed simultaneously. Chest tube drainage was performed at the end of each procedure. The male:female ratio was 9:1, ranging in age from 13 to 43 years [mean age 26.95 years]. Two patients had bilateral dense pleural adhesions, but the procedure was successful. Most patients were discharged on the 2nd postoperative day. Follow-up at 5-30 months [mean 16.3 months] was excellent both for immediate and permanent relief of ULH. Eleven of the 15 patients with pedal hyperhidrosis also had dry feet. Two patients developed transient Horner's eye syndrome. One patient had persistent right pneumothorax that required chest tube drainage for 7 days. Four patients developed compensatory hyperhidrosis of the trunk and upper thighs. Fifteen patients [75%] expressed complete satisfaction. Five patients [25%] reported return of some moisture to their hands and axillae. TUTS is minimally invasive, feasible and effective. It has a low complication rate. We recommend this procedure as the method of choice for the management of ULH

Desórdenes psicológicos en la cirugía de miembro superior

Se llama la atención del ortopedista hacia la presencia de desórdenes mentales en la explicación de pacientes con discrepancias clínicas en la valoración de alteraciones del miembro superior; se explica la clasificación de dichos desórdenes en fingidos, artificiales y somatoformes, de acuerdo a la motivación consciente e inconsciente, la producción intencional de signos y síntomas y la presencia de incentivos y se estimula el diagnóstico temprano y el manejo de pacientes sopechosos a través de signos de alerta clínica

Ketorolac y anestesia regional endovenosa / Ketorolac and the intravenous regional anesthesia

El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar si la asociación lidocaína-ketorolac en la anestesia regional endovenosa puede disminuir el disconfort intraoperatorio provocado por el torniquete y mejorar la analgesia posoperatoria. Se estudiaron 20 pacientes ASA I ó II con patologías quirúrgicas de extremidad superior, los cuales se dividieron aletoriamente en dos grupos: el grupo experimental recibió una solución anestésica con 40 ml de lidocaína al 0,5 por ciento más 30 mg de ketorolac; el grupo control recibió 40 ml de lidocaína al 0,5 por ciento más 1 ml de solución fisiológica. Se determinó período de latencia, tolerancia al torniquete, duración de la analgesia posoperatoria, requerimientos de analgésicos en 24 horas, variables hemodinámicas. Las comparaciones entre los grupos se realizaron con las pruebas: t de student, Chi cuadrado de Pearson, prueba exacta de Fisher. El período de latencia fue ligeramente mayor para el grupo experimental. El 100 por ciento de los pacientes del grupo experimental, no requirieron de analgesia en las dos primeras horas del posoperatoria. El 80 por ciento de los pacientes del grupo control requirieron analgesia en este período (p< 0,001). La duración de analgesia posoperatoria fue en promedio mayor para el grupo experimental 19,2 horas ñ 5,89 que para el grupo control 2 horas ñ 10,32 (p<0,003). El número final de dosis de analgésicos fue menos para el grupo experimental, cinco pacientes del grupo experimental no requirieron analgésicos adicionales en 24 horas (p<0,01). La asociación lidocaína-ketorolac prolonga la analgesia posoperatoria, disminuye los requerimientos de analgésicos adicionales en las 24 horas posteriores a la cirugía y mejora parcialmente la tolerancia al torniquete

Revascularizaciones y reimplantes mayores de miembros: Siete años de experiencia / Major limb revascularizations and replantations: a seven-year experience

El objetivo de la presente comunicación es presentar nuestra experiencia de los últimos siete años en revascularizaciones y reimplantes mayores de los miembros. Hemos llevado a cabo un total de 28 procedimientos, 25 en miembros superiores y 3 en miembros inferiores, con un porcentaje de éxito del 78,57 por ciento. Del total de casos encontramos que los resultados fueron excelentes o muy buenos en 18 (64,27 por ciento). Las indicaciones para estos procedimientos incluyeron casi todas las amputaciones traumáticas, excepto aquellas que presentaban gran atrición tisular o aplastamiento y pacientes con otras lesiones acompañantes de gravedad o patologías preexistentes. La edad no constituyó una limitación. Severa atrición o arrancamiento fueron las causas de los fracasos en 6 casos. Se concluye que los reimplantes y revasculaciones de los miembros son procedimientos con una metodología reglada y cuyo éxito se encuentra ligado a la estricta observancia de la misma, al desarrollo y perfeccionamiento de las técnicas microquirúrgicas y al entrenamiento constante del equipo de profesionales interviniente. Asimismo se hace mención al papel primordial de la rehabilitación, a los efectos de obtener no sólo miembros viables sino funcionalmente útiles