Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis related to phenytoin administration. Case report / Pustulosis exantemática aguda generalizada relacionada al uso de fenitoína. Reporte de caso

The occurrence of acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis adverse reactions to medication administration is becoming more frequent. This article reports the case of a 78-year-old woman who attended the clinic with generalized papules and pustules on the scalp, trunk and limbs, with a concordant histology study and who was diagnosed with acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) associated with the use of phenytoin, a medication that may cause different skin reactions and that has been previously related to this disease. The patient was treated with systemic steroids and the disease had a satisfactory outcome.

La aparición de reacciones adversas a medicamentos del tipo pustulosis exantemática generalizada aguda es cada vez más frecuente. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 78 años quien acude a consulta presentando unas pápulas y pústulas generalizadas en cuero cabelludo, tronco y extremidades, con estudio de histología compatible y a la que se le diagnostica pustulosis exantemática aguda generalizada (PEAG) asociada al uso de fenitoína, una medicación que puede provocar distintas reacciones cutáneas y que previamente se ha asociado a esta enfermedad. La paciente es tratada con esteroides sistémicos y la enfermedad llega a una resolución satisfactoria

Study of the toxicity of 1-Bromo-3-chloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin to zebrafish / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>1-Bromo-3-chloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (BCDMH) is a solid oxidizing biocide for water disinfection. The objective of this study was to investigate the toxic effect of BCDMH on zebrafish.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The developmental toxicity of BCDMH on zebrafish embryos and the dose-effect relationship was determined. The effect of BCDMH exposure on histopathology and tissue antioxidant activity of adult zebrafish were observed over time.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Exposure to 4 mg/L BCDMH post-fertilization was sufficient to induce a number of developmental malformations, such as edema, axial malformations, and reductions in heart rate and hatching rate. The no observable effects concentration of BCDMH on zebrafish embryo was 0.5 mg/L. After 96 h exposure, the 50% lethal concentration (95% confidence interval (CI)) of BCDMH on zebrafish embryo was 8.10 mg/L (6.15-11.16 mg/L). The 50% inhibitory concentration (95% CI) of BCDMH on hatching rate was 7.37 mg/L (6.33-8.35 mg/L). Histopathology showed two types of responses induced by BCDMH, defensive and compensatory. The extreme responses were marked hyperplasia of the gill epithelium with lamellar fusion and epidermal peeling. The histopathologic changes in the gills after 10 days exposure were accompanied by significantly higher catalase activity and lipid peroxidation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>These results have important implications for studies on the toxicity and use of BCDMH and its analogs.</p>

The research practice of anti-arrhythmic agents targeting on potassium ion channel / 药学学报

Due to the complicated pathogenesis of cardiac arrhythmia, the safe and effective therapeutic strategies for cardiac arrhythmia remain an urgent medical problems in the recent years. In this paper, we introduced the research practice of anti-arrhythmic agents targeting on potassium ion channel. The research progress of anti-arrhythmic agents in up-to-date literatures were also reviewed and prospected.

Identification of the Fungal Pathogen that Causes Strawberry Anthracnose in Bangladesh and Evaluation of In Vitro Fungicide Activity

This study was conducted to identify the Colletotrichum species causing anthracnose disease of strawberry in Balgladesh and to evaluate in vitro activity of commercial fungicides it. Based on morphological and cultural characteristics, all 22 isolates were identified as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. They developed white or glittery colonies with grey to dark grey reverse colony colors and they produced cylindrical conidia. The efficacy of five commercial fungicides, Bavistin DF, Dithane M-45, Sulcox 50 WP, Corzim 50 WP and Rovral 50 WP, were tested against the fungus. Bavistin inhibited radial growth completely and was followed in efficacy by Dithane M-45. In Bavistin DF treated media, the fungus did not produce conidia. The percent inhibition of radial growth of the fungus was increased with the increasing concentrations of fungicide.

Torus lingual y vestibular con características clínico-radiográficas inusuales / Lingual and buccal torus with unusual clinical and radiographic characteristics

El caso expuesto en esta presentación muestra características clínico-radiográficas inusuales en relación a la extensión y localización de las exostosis. Ambos maxilares están afectados. Los rasgos faciales se encuentran modificados a causa de dichas exostosis. La ocurrencia simultánea de torus mandibular y exostosis vestibulares múltiples en maxilar superior e inferior constituye un cuadro clínico de muy infrecuente aparición, siendo las exostosis múltiples mandibulares de rara observación

The antiandrogenic effect of dimethachlon and its mechanism / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the antiandrogenic effect of heterocyclic fungicide dimethachlon and its mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A combination of in vivo and in vitro assays was selected. Hershberger assay was used to determine the antiandrogenic potential of dimethachlon in vivo. Six-week-old castrated male SD rats were administrated once daily for 7 days with testosterone propionate (TP, 100 micro g/d, sc) plus gavage doses of dimethachlon (50, 100 or 200 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)), or procymidone (150 or 300 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1), positive control), or iprodione (100 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1), positive control), or flutamide (50 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1), positive control). Transcriptional activation assay in vitro was employed to determine the mechanism of antiandrogenic activity of dimethachlon. Human hepatoma liver cells HepG2 were transiently cotransfected with human androgen receptor (AR) expression plasmid and AR-dependent luciferase report plasmid. Transfected cells were exposed to various concentrations of dimethachlon or flutamide with or without dihydrotestosterone to induce the expression of luciferase gene.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In Hershberger assay, dimethachlon, as well as other known antiandrogens, caused decrease in weight of androgen dependent organs or tissues. In 200 mg/kg group, the weight of seminal vesicle, ventral prostate, dorsolateral prostate, Cowper's gland, and levator ani plus bulbocavernosus muscles decreased by 57.8%, 44.8%, 43.9%, 30.1%, and 34.1% respectively, but did not decrease in the vehicle control group. The order of their antiandrogenic potencies was: flutamide > procymidone > dimethachlon > iprodione. In transcriptional activation assay, dimethachlon could inhibit dihydrotestosterone-dependent AR activity in transfected HepG2 cells in dose-effect relationship. The inhibiting potency of dimethachlon was about 1/100 of that of flutamide.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Dimethachlon has antiandrogenic effect, and acts as an AR antagonist. Its antiandrogenic potency is lower than flutamide and procymidone, but higher than iprodione.</p>

Cloning and expression of L-N-carbamoylase gene from Arthrobacter BT801 in Escherichia coli / 生物工程学报

Hydantoin-utility-enzyme is widely used in enzymic production of various amino acids. One of its component, carbamoylase, is responsible for the conversion of N-carbamylamino acids to corresponding amino acids, which is crucial for the stereoselectivity and rate limiting. To improve the production of the enzyme, an L-N-carbamoylase gene from Arthrobacter BT801, a hydantoinase producting strain being able to convert 5-benzylhydantoin to phenylalanine, was cloned into E. coli. The gene was highly expressed in E. coli M15 under control of T5 promoter. A protein band about 44kD was detected by SDS-PAGE in the recombinant cell lysate. The objective product, which is principally in soluble form, represented 40% of total cell protein. The N-carbamoylase specific activity of the recombinant M15/pQE60- hyuC is 53 times higher than that of Arthrobacter BT801. The total biotransformation activity increased 8.1 times when. M15/pQE60-hyuC was added into the Arthrobacter BT801 reaction system. The successful expression of the enzyme is significant for the application of the hydantoinase producing strain or the enzyme thereof.

Tuberculoma cerebral / Cerebral tuberculoma

Relata-se o caso de paciente com crises convulsivas de início recente. A tomografia computadorizada cerebral evidenciou imagem sugestiva de lesão expansiva metastática frontoparietal direita. A investigação de tumor primário ou outra doença foi negativa e o exame histopatológico do tecido cerebral diagnosticou tuberculoma. As convulsões foram controladas com a associação de hidantoína 300mg/dia ao esquema específico, utilizado por 18 meses. A tuberculose do sistema nervoso central representa 5-15 por cento das formas extrapulmonares e é reconhecida como de alta letalidade. Apresentação tumoral como a relatada é rara, particularmente em imunocompetentes. Quando tratada, pode ter bom prognóstico e deve entrar sempre no diagnóstico diferencial de massas cerebrais

Combinación de los síndromes de alcohol e hidantoína fetal / Combined fetal alcohol and hydantoine syndromes

El alcohol y la hidantoína son los teratógenos usados con mayor frecuencia y cada uno está asociado a un síndrome específico. Se presentan 2 pacientes, hijos de mujeres alcohólicas, deficientes mentales y epilépticas. Durante el embarazo, ambas ingirieron alcohol en dosis excesivas y fenitoína 300 mg, una de ellas en forma regular y la otra irregularmente. Los descendientes presentaban rasgos clínicos de ambos síndromes de alcohol y de hidantoína fetal, coincidiendo con los rasgops clínicos del síndrome combinado de alcohol e hidantoína fetal, destacando en los niños retardo pondoestatural y psicomotor severo, microcefalia, blefarofimosis, hipertelorismo, filtrum largo y micrognasia, además, hipoplasia de uñas en una de ellos y fisura palatina en el otro. El descendiente de la mujer alcohólica, que ingirió fenitoína regularmente durante el embarazo , falleció a los 3 meses por muerte súbita y el descendiente de la alcohólica que lo hizo en forma en irregular, sobrevive a los 4 años en condiciones extremas de subnormalidad

Hallazgos radiograficos e histologicos en pacientes odontologicos con terapia anticonvulsivante: informe de un caso / Radiographic and histologic findings in odontologic patients with anticonvulsivant therapy: report of a case

Enzimas hidroliticas como hexosaminasas, B-glucoronidasas, galactosidasas presentes en encias inflamadas e hiperplasicas producen alteraciones en el metabolismo celular, alterando el desarrollo adecuado de las raices dentarias, asi como alteraciones en le crecimiento gingival. Se estudia paciente masculino con 17 anos de edad, con cuadro clinico de retardo mental y crisis convulsivas, toma difenil hidantoina 100 mg. 3 dosis diarias, clinicamente el agrandamiento gingival no es el tipico en esta clase de patologia, se diagnostica amelogenesis imperfecta, radiograficamente se observan atipias morfologicas en las raices e histologicamente hay actividad proliferativa tipo hiperplasico en las papilas del conjutivo, vacuolizacion intracitoplasmatica e infiltrado inflamatorio. La severidad del cuadro clinico no esta asociada ni a la dosis ni al timepo de ingesta, es asi que la droga produce una interaccion entre droga-huesped y antigenos de la placa bacteriana. La alta cantidad de hidroxiprolina en el fluido gingival demuestra una actividad fibroblastica como la degradacion del colageno y el desarrollo dentario se vera afectado como se observa clinica y radiograficamente en este caso. Se necesitan estudios bioquimicos-bacteriologicos en pacientes que estan siendo sometidos a farmacoterapia con difenil hidantoina.

Importancia de la dosificación plasmática de fármacos antiepilépticos en el tratamiento de la epilepsia: estudio de 65 pacientes / Significance of plasmic dosification of antiepileptic drugs in the management of epilepsia: study of 65 cases

Se presentan los resultados del primer trabajo cubano sobre dosificación de antiepilépticos en plasma y tratamiento de la epilepsia, de carácter interdisciplinario y en colaboración por 4 instituciones. Se estudiaron 65 adultos que padecían crisis epilépticas parciales, tonicoclónicas generalizadas o ambas, con más de 1 año, por lo menos, de observación en la Consulta Especial de Epilepsia. Se utilizó la cromatografía líquida de alta resolución para la dosificación plasmática de 3 drogas: defenilhidantoína (DFH) carbamazepina (CBZ) y fenobarbital (FB). El 58,4 % de los pacientes tenían un control total de sus crisis al momento de la determinación; el 32,3 un control parcial y el 9,2 no estaba controlado. La relación entre el control clínico y las cifras de antiepilépticos en plasma fue adecuada. Los pacientes no contolados tenían una concentración promedio más baja (entre 11,72 y 13,87 *g/mL) que los controlados (24,5 *g/mL para la DFH. Las cifras de DFH por debajo de 15 *g/mL se comportaron como subterapéuticas en nuestra serie. La concentración media de FB fue de 13,87 *g/mL y la de CBZ de 5,50. La DFH sola, la CBZ sola y la DFH asociada al FB fueron igualmente efectivas para el control de la crisis. Las dosis terapéuticas de DFH se encontraron en 4,8 mg por kg de peso corporal, y las de CBZ en 10,9. SE presentan casos demostrativos y se comentan los avances que han representado estas técnicas para el tratamiento de la epilepsia, por lo que se sugiere la introducción de las mismas en nuestro país al nivel provincial por la organización de salud cubana

Hydantoin and thiobydantoin derivatives as potential antimicrobial agents II

Several hydantoin and 2-thio analog derivatives have been prepared. Condensation of 1,3-dimethyl-1,2,4 imidazolidinedione [IA] and its 2- thio analog [IB] with aromatic aldehydes afforded the corresponding arylidene derivatives. Coupling of [IB] with diazonium salts yielded the expected 5-arylhydrazono derivatives. In addition, reaction of [IB] with formaldehyde and secondary amines gave the expected products. However, attempts to condense [IA] with formaldehyde and secondary amines under the Mannich conditions were abortive, and the same hydantoin failed to couple with aryldiazonium salts. Several trials have been made to prepare a series of 5-hydrazono-1, 3-dimethyl-2,4-imidazolidinediones via desulphurization of the 2-thio analogs, but were unsuccessful. Additionally, the reaction of [IB] with two equivalents of formaldehyde and secondary amines, in the presence of acetic acid, yielded the bis-Mannich bases [IVa and b]. Reaction of [III] with Grignard reagents was studied. Thirteen compounds have been screened against selected bacteria and some of them were found to possess moderate to fairly good antibacterial activity

Síndrome de difenilhidantoina fetal / Fetal dyphenylhydantoin syndrome

Se hace la descripción de un neonato con antecedentes familiares importantes de epilepsia, incluyendo a la madre, la cual recibió tratamiento con fenobarbital y difenilhidantonia, durante la gestación, sin obtenerse control de su cuadro convulsivo. Se describen múltiples malformaciones congénitas representativas del síndrome. Se realiza una breve revisión de la literatura mundial, a partir del primer reporte de esta entidad, por Meadow (Inglaterra) en 1968. Se puntualizan los probables factores etiopatogénicos: genético-hereditario, acción específica de la o las drogas anticonvulsivantes, y convulsiones durante el embarazo. Se trata del primer caso en la literatura pediátrica venezolana, altamente representativo por sus manifestaciones clínicas. Se plantea un plan de trabajo sistematizado, para lograr el diagnóstico, que dado a la característica multifactorial de su etiología, es por descarte. Finalmente, se exponen tanto el riesgo genético, como recomendaciones obstétricas y pediátricas, para el manejo de esta situación clínica

Síndrome fetal pela hidantoína / Fetal hydantoin syndrome

Descrevem-se dois casos de síndrome fetal pela hidantoína. As anormalidades encontradas foram crânio-faciais, de extremidades e deficiência pondo-estatural e psíquica durante o seguimento ambulatorial. Em vista destes achados, enfatizam sua prevençäo, evitando ou diminuindo a dose de hidantoinatos durante a gravidez

Sindrome fetal hidantoinico. / Fetal hydantoinic syndrome

Se presenta un caso de sindrome fetal hidantoinico, revisandose los factores involucrados en la aparicion del sindrome. Se enuncian las alteraciones fenotipicas en el recien nacido atribuidas a anticonvulsivos administrados a la madre durante la gestacion y se enumeran las recomendaciones para el manejo de las pacientes epilepticas durante su embaraz