Ulinastatin alleviates early brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage by inhibiting oxidative stress and neuroinflammation via ROS/MAPK/Nrf2 signaling pathway

Purpose: Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is still a major public health problem, with high mortality and disability. Ulinastatin (UTI) was purified from human urine and has been reported to be anti-inflammatory, organ protective, and antioxidative stress. However, the neuroprotection of UTI in ICH has not been confirmed, and the potential mechanism is unclear. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the neuroprotection and potential molecular mechanisms of UTI in ICH-induced early brain injury in a C57BL/6 mouse model. Methods: The neurological score, brain water content, neuroinflammatory cytokine levels, oxidative stress levels, and neuronal damage were evaluated. Results: UTI treatment markedly increased the neurological score, alleviated brain edema, decreased the levels of the inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), IL-6, and NF-κB, decreased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and upregulated the levels of glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and Nrf2. This finding indicated that UTI-mediated inhibition of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress alleviated neuronal damage after ICH. The neuroprotective capacity of UTI is partly dependent on the ROS/MAPK/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Conclusions: UTI improves neurological outcomes in mice and reduces neuronal death by protecting against neural neuroinflammation and oxidative stress.

Effect of p-CPA pretreatment on EEG power spectra in experimental open brain injury in rats

Continuous four hours EEG [electroencephalogram] recordings and its power spectrum analysis using fast fourier transform [FFT] in urethane anesthetized male Charles Foster rats were performed in two groups: open brain injury and p-CPA [para-Chlorophenylalanine] pretreated before brain injury, respectively, and compared with the EEG power spectrum of control rats. The EEG power spectrum analysis showed that there was a faster recovery in p-CPA pretreated group than the injury group of rats. The results showed that the p-CPA [a 5-HT inhibitor] prevents pathological changes following brain injury. Simultaneously, the inference can also be drawn that EEG power spectrum analysis is a useful technique for monitoring the brain injury and its recovery following pharmacological treatments

Evaluación neurofisiológica del trauma craneoencefálico cerrado con compresión cerebral e hipetensión intracraneal experimental / Neurophysiological evaluation of the closed cranioencephalic trauma with cerebral compresion and experimental intracraneal hypertension

Se exponen los resultados de la evaluación neurofisiológica de un modelo experimental de trauma craneo-encefálico cerrado, con compresión cerebral e hipertensión intracraneal post-traumática en gatos, utilizando el modelo original de Ishii y colaboradores en 1969 y que consiste en producir la lesión por medio de una masa expansiva colocada epiduralmente. En el estudio se incluye tanto la actividad bioeléctrica cerebral espontánea como la actividad evocada de dos modalidades: el potencial evocado somatosensorial y el potencial evocado auditivo de corta latencia o potencial de tallo cerebral. Los resultados aportan al modelo original un control electrofisiológico más sensible de los estados funcionales del sistema nervioso central a diferentes niveles del mismo y lo optimizan para su utilización en ensayos terapéuticos futuros