Correlation between estimated plasma remnant-like particle cholesterol and vegetable fat intake in Uku town, Japan

BACKGROUND@#Remnant-like particle cholesterol (RLP-C) is highly atherogenic, which is associated with atherosclerosis. However, RLP-C has not been routinely measured in the clinical practice. We estimated RLP-C levels using conventional lipid profiles and examined the association between estimated RLP-C and related factors including nutrient intake.@*METHODS@#This study was performed in Uku town, Nagasaki prefecture, Japan in 2019. A total of 225 subjects were enrolled and directly measured RLP-C levels. Estimated RLP-C levels were defined as the following formula [total cholesterol - (LDL-cholesterol) - (HDL-cholesterol)]. Multivariate analyses were used to assess the relationship between estimated RLP-C and atherogenic factors. We calculated cut-off values on dichotomized RLP-C (< 7.5 mg/dL vs. ≥ 7.5 mg/dL) by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.@*RESULTS@#The mean values of directly measured RLP-C levels and estimated RLP-C were 4.0 mg/dL and 16.4 mg/dL, respectively. In the multiple stepwise linear regression analysis, directly measured and estimated RLP-C levels were independently and commonly associated with apolipoprotein E, triglycerides, and vegetable fat intake (inversely). Using ROC curves, we found the cut-off value of estimated RLP-C was 22.0 mg/dL.@*CONCLUSION@#We demonstrated that the estimated RLP-C levels using conventional lipid profiles may substitute for directly measured RLP-C and these levels were independently and inversely associated with vegetable fat intake in the community-dwelling Japanese population.

Consumo de ácidos graxos e álcool e sua relação com subfrações lipídicas quantificadas por ultracentrifugação vertical / Consumption of fatty acids and alcohol and its relation with lipid subfractions quantified by vertical ultracentrifugation

Nesta tese, determinou-se o consumo alimentar e consumo de álcool de 2972 participantes de pesquisa do Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto (ELSA-Brasil). Posteriormente foi identificada a relação da dieta e álcool com as subfrações de colesterol medidas por ultracentrifugação vertical, denominada Vertical Auto Profile (VAP). Foi identificada baixa associação dos ácidos graxos dietéticos e as subfrações de colesterol. Quanto ao consumo de álcool, independentemente do tipo de bebida alcóolica consumida, o álcool resultou em melhor perfil lipídico, com níveis significativamente maiores de HDL-colesterol, HDL2-colesterol e HDL3-colesterol, tanto em homens quanto mulheres. Também foi discutida a parte ética de pesquisas com seres humanos, contextualizando o caso do ELSA-Brasil

In this thesis, food and alcohol consumption of 2972 research participants from the Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto (ELSA-Brazil) were determined. Subsequently, the relationship between diet and alcohol with cholesterol subfractions measured by vertical ultracentrifugation, called Vertical Auto Profile (VAP), was identified. Low association of dietary fatty acids and cholesterol subfractions has been seen. Regarding alcohol consumption, regardless of the type of alcohol consumed, alcohol resulted in a better lipid profile, with significantly higher levels of HDL-cholesterol, HDL2-cholesterol and HDL3-cholesterol, in both men and women. The ethical part of research with human beings was also discussed, contextualizing the case of ELSA-Brazil

Orange juice with a high-fat meal prolongs postprandial lipemia in apparently healthy overweight/obese women

ABSTRACT Objective We investigated the postprandial response of lipid markers to a high-fat meal (HFM) with two different beverages in apparently healthy normal-weight and overweight/obese women. Subjects and methods This crossover, randomized study enrolled 36 women, of whom 21 had normal weight (body mass index [BMI] 22 ± 1.8 kg/m2) and 15 had overweight/obesity (BMI 31 ± 3.7 kg/m2). In two different test days, the participants ingested a HFM (37% of energy as saturated fat) with 500 mL of water (HFM-W) or 500 mL of orange juice (HFM-OJ). Blood samples were collected at baseline (12-hour fasting), and at 2, 3, and 5 hours postprandial. The analysis included fasting and postprandial total cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c, triglycerides (TG), uric acid, and complement C3. Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (ReBEC); Primary Identification Number: RBR-2h3wjn (www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br). Results TG levels increased at 3 hours with HFM-OJ in normal-weight women (p = 0.01) and returned to normal levels at 5h. TG increased at 3 hours with HFM-W (p = 0.01) and HFM-OJ (p = 0.02), and remained high at 5 hours (p = 0.03) in overweight/obese women. Complement C3 remained unchanged, but showed different responses between meals (p = 0.01 for positive incremental area under the curve [piAUC] HFM-OJ vs. HFM-W, respectively). Conclusions In apparently healthy overweight/obese women compared with normal-weight ones, the concomitant intake of orange juice with a HFM prolonged postprandial lipemia but had no effect on postprandial complement C3 concentrations.

In vivo assessment of antiretroviral therapy-associated side effects

Antiretroviral therapy has been associated with side effects, either from the drug itself or in conjunction with the effects of human immunodeficiency virus infection. Here, we evaluated the side effects of the protease inhibitor (PI) indinavir in hamsters consuming a normal or high-fat diet. Indinavir treatment increased the hamster death rate and resulted in an increase in triglyceride, cholesterol and glucose serum levels and a reduction in anti-oxLDL auto-antibodies. The treatment led to histopathological alterations of the kidney and the heart. These results suggest that hamsters are an interesting model for the study of the side effects of antiretroviral drugs, such as PIs.

High fat diet has a prominent effect upon the course of chronic schistosomiasis mansoni in mice

This study investigated whether a long-term high-fat diet has an effect on the outcome of chronic murine schistosomiasis mansoni compared to a standard diet. Swiss Webster female mice (3 weeks old) were fed each diet for up to six months and were then infected with 50 Schistosoma mansoni cercariae. Their nutritional status was assessed by monitoring total serum cholesterol and body mass. Infected mice were examined 6-17 weeks post infection to estimate the number of eggs in faeces. Mice were euthanised the next day. Total serum cholesterol was lower in infected mice in comparison to uninfected controls (p = 0.0055). In contrast, body mass (p = 0.003), liver volume (p = 0.0405), spleen volume (p = 0.0124), lung volume (p = 0.0033) and faecal (p = 0.0064) and tissue egg density (p = 0.0002) were significantly higher for infected mice fed a high-fat diet. From these findings, it is suggested that a high-fat diet has a prominent effect on the course of chronic schistosomiasis mansoni in mice.

The dietary fatty acids of patients with coronary artery disease and control in Curacao: implications for primary and secondary prevention

Patients with coronary artery diseases are advised to augment their dietary linoleic acid intakes at the expense of saturated fatty acids. We investigated whether the dietary linoleic acid intake of 57 patients with coronary artery disease (47 males, 10 females; ages 61 ñ 10 years) in Curacao is higher as compared with 77 controls (51 males, 26 females; ages 56 ñ 7 years). For this, we measured plasma cholesterol ester fatty acids, which reflect the dietary fatty acid composition of the preceeding weeks. Patients with coronary artery disease and controls had minor differences in cholesterol ester fatty acids. Their cholesterol ester linoleic acid content suggests that the dietary polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio is far below 1. Comparison with data reported for the the Netherlands, Greenland and Crete showed that the dietary fatty acid composition in Curacao is typically Western with a high intake of saturated fatty acids, a low intake of monounsaturated fatty acids and the consumption of linoleic acid as the predominant polyunsaturated fatty acid. Intake of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids from fatty fish is low. Reduction of dietary saturated fatty acids, augmentation of fish consumption, and an increase of the Ó-linolenic/linoleic acid ratio are likely to be of benefit to both primary and secondary prevention from coronary artery disease in Curaco.

Efectos del aguacate sobre los niveles de lípidos séricos en pacientes con dislipidemias fenotipo II y IV / Effects of avocado plasma lipid concentrations in patients with hypercholesterolemia

Para examinar el efecto del aguacate sobre los niveles de lípidos séricos en pacientes dislipidémicos, se incluyeron a 8 sujetos con dislipidemia fenotipo IV y 8 del fenotipo II en un estudio dietético, en un modelo cruzado en el que se compararon dos dietas: una dieta rica en ácidos grasos monoinsaturados (DRCA), en la que el aguacate fue su principal fuente (30 por ciento de calorías totales como grasas y de ellas 75 por ciento del aguacate), con restricción de grasas saturadas y menos de 300 mg de colesterol por día. La otra fue una dieta baja en grasas saturadas y en grasa total, sin aguacate (DRSA). Ambas dietas duraron 4 semanas y su orden fue asignado aleatoriamente. Los pacientes realizaron sus tres alimentos en el comedor de nuestra unidad. Tanto la DRCA como la DRSA redujeron significativamente los niveles de colesterol total y colesterol-LDL sólo en el fenotipo II. En el fenotipo IV, la DRCA produjo un descenso moderado de los triglicéridos, mientras que la DRSA incrementó sus niveles. La DRCA produjo un importante incremento en los niveles de colesterol-HDL en ambos fenotipos, mientras que la DRSA sólo lo hizo en el fenotipo II. El aguacate es una excelente fuente de ácidos grasos monoinsaturados, y puede utilizarse dentro de los planes dietéticos de manejo de los pacientes con dislipidemias, con ventajas sobre las dietas más bajas en grasa total y con mayor cantidad de carbohidratos