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1.
ABCD (São Paulo, Impr.) ; 33(3): e1548, 2020. graf
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS | ID: biblio-1152623

Résumé

ABSTRACT Background: Gastrointestinal disorders are frequently reported in patients with Parkinson's disease whose disorders reduce the absorption of nutrients and drugs, worsening the clinical condition of patients. However, the mechanisms involved in modifying gastrointestinal pathophysiology have not yet been fully explained. Aim: To evaluate its effects on gastrointestinal motility and the involvement of the vagal and splanchnic pathways. Methods: Male Wistar rats (250-300 g, n = 84) were used and divided into two groups. Group I (6-OHDA) received an intrastriatal injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (21 µg/animal). Group II (control) received a saline solution (NaCl, 0.9%) under the same conditions. The study of gastric emptying, intestinal transit, gastric compliance and operations (vagotomy and splanchnotomy) were performed 14 days after inducing neurodegeneration. Test meal (phenol red 5% glucose) was used to assess the rate of gastric emptying and intestinal transit. Results: Parkinson's disease delayed gastric emptying and intestinal transit at all time periods studied; however, changes in gastric compliance were not observed. The delay in gastric emptying was reversed by pretreatment with vagotomy and splanchnotomy+celiac gangliectomy, thus suggesting the involvement of such pathways in the observed motor disorders. Conclusion: Parkinson's disease compromises gastric emptying, as well as intestinal transit, but does not alter gastric compliance. The delay in gastric emptying was reversed by truncal vagotomy, splanchnotomy and celiac ganglionectomy, suggesting the involvement of such pathways in delaying gastric emptying.


RESUMO Racional: Distúrbios gastrintestinais são frequentemente relatados em pacientes com doença de Parkinson cujos distúrbios reduzem a absorção de nutrientes e fármacos, agravando o quadro clínico dos pacientes. No entanto, os mecanismos envolvidos na alteração da fisiopatologia gastrintestinal ainda não foram totalmente elucidados. Objetivo: Avaliar os seus efeitos sobre a motilidade gastrintestinal e o envolvimento das vias vagal e esplâncnica. Métodos: Ratos Wistar machos (250-300 g, n=84) foram utilizados e divididos em dois grupos. O grupo I (6-OHDA) recebeu injeção intraestriatal de 6-hidroxidopamina (21 µg/animal). O grupo II (controle) recebeu solução salina (NaCl, 0,9%) nas mesmas condições. O estudo do esvaziamento gástrico, trânsito intestinal, complacência gástrica e operações (vagotomia e esplancnotomia) foram realizadas 14 dias após a indução da neurodegeneração. Refeição teste (vermelho de fenol+glicose 5%) foi utilizada para avaliar a taxa de esvaziamento gástrico e o trânsito intestinal. Resultados: A doença de Parkinson retardou o esvaziamento gástrico e o trânsito intestinal em todos os tempos estudados; porém, alterações da complacência gástrica não foram observadas. O retardo do esvaziamento gástrico foi revertido por pré-tratamento com vagotomia e esplancnotomia+gangliectomia celíaca, sugerindo assim, o envolvimento de tais vias nos distúrbios motores observados. Conclusão: A doença de Parkinson compromete o esvaziamento gástrico, bem como o trânsito intestinal, mas não altera a complacência gástrica. O retardo do esvaziamento gástrico foi revertido pela vagotomia troncular, esplancnotomia e gangliectomia celíaca, sugerindo o envolvimento de tais vias no retardo do esvaziamento gástrico.


Sujets)
Humains , Animaux , Mâle , Rats , Maladie de Parkinson , Vagotomie/effets indésirables , Vidange gastrique/physiologie , Motilité gastrointestinale/physiologie , Transit gastrointestinal/physiologie , Rat Wistar
2.
Clinics ; 66(6): 1061-1066, 2011. graf, tab
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS | ID: lil-594379

Résumé

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the involvement of peripheral nitric oxide (NO) in vagotomy-induced pulmonary edema by verifying whether the nitric oxide synthases (NOS), constitutive (cNOS) and inducible (iNOS), participate in this mechanism. INTRODUCTION: It has been proposed that vagotomy induces neurogenic pulmonary edema or intensifies the edema of other etiologies. METHODS: Control and vagotomized rats were pretreated with 0.3 mg/kg, 3.0 mg/kg or 39.0 mg/kg of L-NAME, or with 5.0 mg/kg, 10.0 mg/kg or 20.0 mg/kg of aminoguanidine. All animals were observed for 120 minutes. After the animals' death, the trachea was catheterized in order to observe tracheal fluid and to classify the severity of pulmonary edema. The lungs were removed and weighed to evaluate pulmonary weight gain and edema index. RESULTS: Vagotomy promoted pulmonary edema as edema was significantly higher than in the control. This effect was modified by treatment with L-NAME. The highest dose, 39.0 mg/kg, reduced the edema and prolonged the survival of the animals, while at the lowest dose, 0.3 mg/kg, the edema and reduced survival rates were maintained. Aminoguanidine, regardless of the dose inhibited the development of the edema. Its effect was similar to that observed when the highest dose of L-NAME was administered. It may be that the non-selective blockade of cNOS by the highest dose of L-NAME also inhibited the iNOS pathway. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that iNOS could be directly involved in pulmonary edema induced by vagotomy and cNOS appears to participate as a protector mechanism.


Sujets)
Animaux , Mâle , Rats , Nitric oxide synthase type II/métabolisme , Nitric oxide synthase type III/métabolisme , Monoxyde d'azote/métabolisme , Oedème pulmonaire/métabolisme , Vagotomie/effets indésirables , Antienzymes/usage thérapeutique , Guanidines/usage thérapeutique , L-NAME/usage thérapeutique , Nitric oxide synthase type II/antagonistes et inhibiteurs , Nitric oxide synthase type III/antagonistes et inhibiteurs , Oedème pulmonaire/traitement médicamenteux , Oedème pulmonaire/étiologie , Oedème pulmonaire/prévention et contrôle , Rat Wistar , Indice de gravité de la maladie , Facteurs temps
3.
ABCD (São Paulo, Impr.) ; 23(3): 159-162, jul.-set. 2010.
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS | ID: lil-562777

Résumé

BACKGROUND: The gastrointestinal disorders have been associated with morphological alterations in the myenteric nervous plexus. AIM: To evaluate, through morphometric studies, the chronic effects of the subdiaphragmatic trunk vagotomy on the nervous plexus. METHODS: Fifteen male exemplars of Wistar Rattus novergicus weighing about 150g, distributed into three groups, have been used: control (n=5), Sham (n=5) and vagotomized (n=5). The animals were sacrificed after 30 and 90 days post surgery. Fragments of duodenum were fixed in Bouin solution, embedded into paraffin and stained with HE and PAS. Morphometric analysis was performed by a Carl Zeiss KM 450 image system. The following aspects were observed: the density of nervous cells per linear micrometer (µm) (ND); the area of perikarya (µm²) (NA); the number of satellite cells per µm (SCD); and the number of satellite cells per neuron (SC/N). The averages were compared with the help of "software" program Sigma Plus through two way - ANOVA and Tuckey post-test. RESULTS: Denervation increased SC/N (p<0,05) and NA (p<0,05), in a time-dependent denervation way (p<0,05). However ND and SCD, decreased, which significantly with the animal's age (p<0,001). CONCLUSION: Vagotomy altered the myenteric plexus morphology in a time-dependent way.


RACIONAL: As disfunções gastrintestinais têm sido associadas à alterações morfológicas no plexo nervoso mioentérico. OBJETIVO: Avaliar através do estudo morfométrico, os efeitos crônicos da vagotomia troncular subdiafragmática sobre esse plexo nervoso. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 15 exemplares machos de Rattus novergicus da variedade Wistar, com cerca de 150 g, distribuídos nos grupos controle (n=5), Sham (n=5) e vagotomizados (n=5). Os animais foram sacrificados depois de 30 e 90 dias após as operações. Em seguida, fragmentos do duodeno foram fixados em solução de Bouin, incluídos em parafina e corados por HE e PAS. A análise morfométrica foi realizada por meio do sistema de análise de imagem Carl Zeiss KM 450. Foram observados: a densidade de células nervosas por micrômetro linear (µm); a área dos pericários (µm²); o número de células satélites por µm; e o número de células satélites por neurônio. As médias foram comparadas com o auxílio do programa de "software" Sigma Plus através do Two way - ANOVA e do pós-teste de Tukey. RESULTADOS: A desnervação aumentou o número de células satélites por neurônios (p<0,05) e a área média dos pericários (p<0,05), de maneira dependente do tempo de desnervação (p<0,05), mas diminuiu significativamente a densidade de neurônios (p<0,05) e de células satélites (p<0,05) em função da idade (p<0,001). CONCLUSÃO: A vagotomia alterou a morfologia do plexo mioentérico de maneira dependente do tempo.


Sujets)
Animaux , Mâle , Rats , Duodénum/physiopathologie , Plexus myentérique/anatomie et histologie , Vagotomie/effets indésirables , Dénervation autonome , Plexus myentérique/chirurgie , Rat Wistar
4.
Journal of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences and Health Services [The]. 2009; 13 (2): 11-16
Dans Persan | IMEMR | ID: emr-102528

Résumé

Gastric surgeries are still among the major causes of surgery complications. Study on prevalence of these complications and recognition of their risk factors are strongly needed. To study Gastric surgery complications and strategies for their management in patients hospitalized at Ayatollah Taleghani hospital. In this Cross-sectional study all gastric surgeries at Ayatollah Taleghani hospital between 1994 and 2002 were assessed. Variables were age, sex, type of surgery, indication of surgery, type of complication and management strategy [medical or surgical]. Data were collected from patients' medical records. Indications for surgery were gastric malignancy and neoplasia in 277 patients [59.8%], peptic ulcer in 151 [32.6%], and other causes in 7.6%. The most prevalent surgeries were Billroth II [23%] and total gastrectomy [15%]. The highest level of complications was observed in Billroth II [24%]. Complications of surgery occurred in 42 cases [9%] among those 33 males and 9 females. Except for vagotomy and pyloroplasty, less than 50% of complications needed surgical management. This study showed that the prevalence of gastric surgeries complications is 9%, comparable to those found in other studies. The most prevalent surgeries were Billroth II and total gastrectomy, believed to be associated with relatively higher level of complications


Sujets)
Humains , Mâle , Femelle , Prévalence , Facteurs de risque , Études transversales , Complications postopératoires , Complications peropératoires , Ulcère gastrique/chirurgie , Tumeurs de l'estomac/chirurgie , Gastroentérostomie/effets indésirables , Gastrectomie/effets indésirables , Gastroplastie/effets indésirables , Vagotomie/effets indésirables
5.
Article Dans Anglais | IMSEAR | ID: sea-124347

Résumé

BACKGROUND: Subsequent to esophagectomy and reconstruction among patients with esophageal cancers, the intrathoracic denervated stomach acts as a passive conduit without peristalsis. OBJECTIVE: The study was designed to assess the impact of two prokinetic drugs viz. erythromycin and cisapride on the emptying of vagally denervated intrathoracic stomach. METHODS: Twenty consecutive patients of carcinoma esophagus, who had undergone one stage transhiatal oesophagectomy with cervical esophagogastrostomy and were disease free at three months postoperative follow-up, were included in the study. These patients were randomised into two groups of ten each. The patients in group A received erythromycin, while patients in group B received cisapride. The gastric emptying was studied by scintigraphy, using a standard test meal containing 99m Tc sulphur colloid labelled 'IDLIS' [rice based radio labelled food] before and after the drug treatment. RESULTS: The pre and post treatment mean gastric half emptying time of the patients in the erythromycin group was 52.6 min and 49.7 min (p > 0.1) and in cisapride group it was 53.76 and 26.4 min respectively (p < 0.05). Intergroup comparison of the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Cisapride is an effective prokinetic agent in the treatment of gastric stasis of the vagally denervated intrathoracic stomach.


Sujets)
Adulte , Cisapride/pharmacologie , Érythromycine/pharmacologie , Tumeurs de l'oesophage/chirurgie , Oesophagectomie/effets indésirables , Femelle , Vidange gastrique/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Agents gastro-intestinaux/pharmacologie , Humains , Mâle , Adulte d'âge moyen , Statistique non paramétrique , Estomac/innervation , Vagotomie/effets indésirables
7.
Rev. méd. Hosp. Säo Vicente de Paulo ; 10(22): 14-8, jan.-jun. 1998. tab, graf
Article Dans Portugais | LILACS | ID: lil-224984

Résumé

A vagotomia subdiafragmática seletiva interfere com a homeostasia glicêmica no modelo experimental animal estudado. Verificou-se que a interrupçäo do ramo vagal anterior (hepático) ou posterior (pancreático) determina elevaçäo da glicemia tanto em ratos avaliados agudamente (15 dias de pós-operatório) quanto cronicamente (60 dias de pós-operatório). Adicionalmente, observou-se que a vagotomia posterior exerce um efeito mais significativo nas níveis de glicose plasmática em relaçäo ao ramo anterior na fase aguda, evidência que desaparece no grupo crônico. Entretanto, ocorre uma tendência de reduçäo da glicemia nos ratos avaliados cronicamente (60 dias de pós-operatório)em relaçäo aos animais do experimento agudo (15 dias de pós-operatório)


Sujets)
Animaux , Vagotomie/effets indésirables , Rats , Glycémie/métabolisme
9.
s.l; s.n; 1991. 103 p. ilus, tab.
Thèse Dans Portugais | LILACS | ID: lil-114756

Résumé

A malabsorçäo de gordura pode ocorrer em vários graus e frequências após cirurgias gástricas e é responsável por diarréia, emagrecimento e desnutriçäo pós-gastrectomia. Este trabalho teve como objetivos avaliar a frequência e os níveis de esteatorréia, sua associaçäo com os tipos de cirurgia gástrica e as possibilidades de tratamento clínico. Foram estudados 66 pacientes com história de diarréia crônica após cirurgia gástrica, tendo sido excluídas outras causas de esteatorréia. Foram divididos em grupos conforme o tipo de cirurgia: V - vagotomia com piloroplastia (n +5); BI - Billroth I (n=9); BII - Billroth II (n = 37); YR - Y de Roux (n + 10) e GT - gastrectomia total (n = 5) e foram classificados quanto ao nível de esteatorréia: nível 0 - gordura fecal < 7g/dia (esteatorréia ausente); nível 1 - gordura fecal entre 7 e 12g/dia (esteatorréia leve) e nível 2 - gordura fecal > 12g/dia (eseatorréia grave). Após testes terapêuticos com antimicrobianos e com pancreatina, todos os pacientes foram reavaliados clínica e laboratorialmente


Sujets)
Humains , Maladie coeliaque/épidémiologie , Pancréatine/usage thérapeutique , Syndromes post-gastrectomie/thérapie , Vagotomie/effets indésirables , Brésil
10.
Rev. chil. cir ; 42(4): 362-6, dic. 1990. tab
Article Dans Espagnol | LILACS | ID: lil-96740

Résumé

Se presenta la morbimortalidad de la cirugía de la úlcera péptica en dos períodos consecutivos en 1.182 pacientes con úlcera gástrica y 1.680 pacientes con úlcera duodenal. Se observó una disminución de la mortalidad operatoria en el 2- período debido, entre otras razones, al mejor manejo de las complicaciones postoperatorias


Sujets)
Humains , Complications peropératoires , Complications postopératoires , Ulcère duodénal/chirurgie , Ulcère gastrique/chirurgie , Vagotomie/effets indésirables
11.
GEN ; 44(1): 41-5, ene.-mar. 1990. tab
Article Dans Espagnol | LILACS | ID: lil-107810

Résumé

La vagotomía troncular, se ha relacionado con un aumento del volumes basal, una alteración de la contracción vesicular y un aumento en la incidencia de colelitiasis, cambios que no se aprecian en vagotomías selectivas o supra-seletivas. Estudiamos 12 pacientes, 7 con vagotomía troncular, 2 con vagotomía selectiva, 1 con supraselectiva y 1 paciente gastrectomizado sin vagotomía a los cuales mediante la ultrasonografía se les calculó el volumen basal y el vaciamiento vesicular y se comparó con valores pre-estabelecidos como normales. En los pacientes con vagotomía troncular se obtuvo un volumen vesicular basal en ayunas y residual o post vaciamiento significativamente aumentado y una contracción vesicular disminuída. Los pacientes con vagotomía selectiva o supraselectiva presentaron volúmenes basales y residuales normales, pero una contracción vesicular, a diferencia de lo esperado, diminuída. El paciente sin vagotomía no presentó ninguna anormalidade. Por otro lado en 2 de nuestros pacientes con vagotomía troncular se encontró coleletiasis, para una incidencia de 28%, cercana a la reportada por otros autores


Sujets)
Adulte , Adulte d'âge moyen , Humains , Vagotomie/effets indésirables , Vésicule biliaire/physiopathologie , Échocardiographie , Contraction musculaire , Période postopératoire
14.
Colomb. med ; 14(4): 149-52, 1983. tab
Article Dans Espagnol | LILACS | ID: lil-81608

Résumé

Se presentan los resultados obtenidos en el tratamiento de la ulcera duodenal cuando se realiza vagotomia supraselectiva (VSS). Se comentan las indicaciones y sus complicaciones. No hubo mortalidad hasta el momento del post operatorio inmediato. Los casos de morbilidad se relacionan con problemas pulmonares (3 casos), un caso de ileo paralitico y algunas molestias de disfagia. la recidivaulcerosa solo se presento en un caso. Clinicamente se observo una disminucion de sintomas ulcerosos que se comprobo con las valoraciones de secrecion acida en las cifras de secrecion basal yde secrecion maxima. La evaluacion de los resultados, segun los criterios de Visick, es francamente buena: Grupo I, 28 pacientes; Grupo II, 17 pacientes; Grupo III, 4 pacientes; Grupo IV, 1 paciente. Solo se aprecio un caso de diarrea que cedio al cabo de un mes. En el seguimiento que ha sido entre 6 y 60 meses no ha habido casos de "dumping". Se destacan varios puntos importantes de la tecnica quirurgica respecto a disecar esofago abdominal, por lo menos 4 cm; vigilar la integridad de los nervios de Latarjet; agudizar el angulo de Hiss; reperitoneizar la curvatura menor; y seccionar la vena gastroepiploica derecha. Estos resultados hasta el momento son buenos en general y estan de acuerdo con los que se comunican en la literatura, si bien es cierto que el seguimiento ..


Sujets)
Adulte , Adulte d'âge moyen , Humains , Mâle , Femelle , Ulcère duodénal/chirurgie , Vagotomie/statistiques et données numériques , Ulcère duodénal/complications , Ulcère duodénal/diagnostic , Ulcère duodénal/étiologie , Ulcère duodénal/physiopathologie , Ulcère duodénal/anatomopathologie , Ulcère duodénal , Vagotomie , Vagotomie/effets indésirables
16.
Indian J Physiol Pharmacol ; 1978 Jul-Sep; 22(3): 305-9
Article Dans Anglais | IMSEAR | ID: sea-107990

Résumé

Vagotomy in guinea-pigs reduces the pulmonary surfactant activity. Unilateral vagotomy brings about a similar reduction in the lung on the same side. The findings indicate that surfactant reduction may be an important causative factor in the initiation of pulmonary edema in vagotomised guinea-pigs. It is suggested that surfactant synthesis or release may be affected by alterations in the pulmonary blood flow or removal of the effect of neuro-secretory fibres, following vagotomy.


Sujets)
Animaux , Femelle , Cochons d'Inde , Poumon/métabolisme , Mâle , Oedème pulmonaire/étiologie , Surfactants pulmonaires/métabolisme , Vagotomie/effets indésirables
17.
J Indian Med Assoc ; 1972 Aug; 59(3): 104-6
Article Dans Anglais | IMSEAR | ID: sea-101324
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