[ relationship between sensorimotor function of hemiplegic lower limb and independency in daily living activities in hemiplegic patients]

Background and Aim: The aim of the present study was to find out the relationship between the various components of sensorimotor function of hemiplegic lower limb and independency in daily living activities in stroke patients

Materials and Method: This was a cross-sectional study which included 40 hemiplegic patients. The patients were between 30 and 70 years of age and selected on a non random basis from rehabilitation clinics in Tehran. We used Fugel-Meyer assessment in order to assess sensorimotor function of hemiplegic lower limbs. Evaluation of independency in basic and instrumental activity of daily living was performed by using Barthel Index and Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale. The correlation was analyzed by Spearman coefficient

Results: There was a significant relationship between hemiplegic lower limb motor function and independency in BADL [P=0.002, r =0.482] and IADL [P=0.001, r =0.494]. There was also a significant correlation between hemiplegic lower limb corrdination and speed and independency in BADL [P<0.001, r =0.601] and IADL [P<0.001, r =0.557]. Hemiplegic lower limb joint pain had significant correlation only with independency in BADL [P=0.009, r =0.410]. Hemiplegic lower limb sensation and passive joint motion had no significant correlation with independency in BADL and IADL. There was a significant correlation between hemiplegic lower limb sensorimotor function and independency in BADL [P=0.002, r =0.477] and IADL [P<0.001, r =0.495]

Conclusion: The results of our study showed a relationship between hemiplegic lower limb sensorimotor function and independency in daily living activities in the stroke patients. Therefore, different components of the lower extremity sensorimotor function should be considered in the rehabilitation programs for the hemiplegic patients

Postural Changes during First Pregnancy.

Aims: The precise changes in postures of each part of the spine of primigravid women are still ambiguous. This study aimed to find out the spinal curvature and pelvic tilt changes during the first pregnancy. Study Design: Observational longitudinal study (Cohort study). Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at a hospital clinic in Iran, between April 2014 and December 2014. Methodology: Thirty primigravid women at the first, second and third trimesters of pregnancy were recruited in this cohort study and their lumbar and thoracic curves changes and pelvic inclination angles were studied and compared with 18 age-BMI matched non-pregnant women. The curves were measured by use of a flexible ruler and the pelvic inclination angle was measured by a pelvic inclinometer device. Before starting the main study, the reliability and repeatability of the measuring tools were confirmed in this study (ICC>0.87). A one-way ANOVA and independent t-test were used for statistical analysis. Results: Marked increased curvature and inclination angles were revealed as pregnancy advanced (P<0.05). The lumbar lordosis significantly increased when the first trimester was compared with the second and third ones. The thoracic curvature showed significantly increased curvature between the first and third and between the second and third trimesters. None of the lumbar or thoracic curve showed significantly difference between the control group and pregnant women during the first trimester of pregnancy. Although ten weeks pregnancy increased lumbar lordosis and thoracic kyphosis (4.2%, 8%, respectively), but it was not significant when compared with no pregnant women. The pelvic inclination angle showed to be more sensitive than spinal curvatures as it showed significant increase within all trimesters and when compared to the control group. Interestingly, it increased nearly 2.5 times more at the end of pregnancy (236%). Conclusion: The present study showed a significant increase in most variables that became higher as the months of pregnancy increased. The results might help clinicians for prescribing suitable exercises or spinal orthoses during pregnancy. More research is recommended in this area in women intending to get pregnant.

[Evaluation of contrast sensitivity and visual field in open angle Glaucoma]

To investigate the relationship between contrast sensitivity and visual field defects in patients with glaucoma. 120 eyes of 60 patients with a diagnosis of primary open angle glaucoma and 40 [80 eyes] normal subjects whose visual acuity was 20/40 or better and 30-60 years old were included in this study. Visual field analyzed according to the MD and PSD criteria of Humphrey Visual Field Analyzer and, contrast sensitivity was measured using the Freiburg Acuity and Contrast Test according to the Michelson and Weber criteria. Visual fields of the patients were measured using the 24-2 full threshold program on the Humphrey Visual Field Analyzer. Data analysis was performed for descriptive and analytical statistical methods. According to the Michelson and Weber criteria, contrast sensitivity was reduced in glaucomatic patients. A significant correlation [r = -0.289, P < 0.001] was found between the visual field mean deviations and contrast sensitivity scores [Michelson] and the correlation [r = -0.302, P<0.001] was found between visual field mean deviations and contrast sensitivity scores [Weber]. The correlation [r = 0.140, p=0.048] was less between the visual field pattern standard deviation and Michelson contrast, as was the correlation between the visual field pattern standard deviation and Weber contrast [r = 0.158, p = 0.027]. For glaucomatous eyes with visual acuity of 20/40 or better, a decrease in the contrast sensitivity correlates with increased visual field loss. We speculate that this decrease in contrast sensitivity in glaucoma patients may account for their complaints of poor vision despite normal or near normal visual acuity. This correlation may serve to develop improved testing to monitor the status of our glaucoma patients prospectively

[ qualitative study of managers' perspectives related to change management in schools of nursing and midwifery]

Introduction: The objective of this study was to explain the perspectives of managers regarding change management in nursing and midwifery faculties

Method: This study was conducted according to the qualitative approach; in fact, a descriptive exploratory method was applied with triangulation. Snow ball sampling method was used. Subjects composed of managers in nursing schools in Tehran and the inclusion criterion was at least 1-year experience. In qualitative phase, no variable was measured. Data were gathered by semi-structured interviews in which a guide and field notes were used. Data were saturated after observing the repetition of codes. Content analysis was used for data analysis. The trustworthiness was achieved by a prolonged field experience, member check, peer check and sharing the content with two experts in qualitative research

Results: Ten participants [7 females and 3 males] between 38 and 54 were interviewed. 2 of them had Master degree and 8 with PhD of nursing; only 3 of them were in high-level management of their faculties. After interviews, 124 conceptual codes, 15 sub concepts and 3 core concepts were extracted

Conclusion: Accordingly, the concept of change management was postulated as the purpose of this study. Furthermore, its influencing factors were identified. The implication of the study is in the faculties of nursing and midwifery to use the model according to organizational culture

[Effect of cupping on morphine withdrawal symptoms in rat]

Nowadays, sedative drugs are the main therapeutic measures to attenuate the opioid withdrawal symptoms. These drugs have side effects, mainly dependency. However, physical therapies are found to be safe and without any serious adverse effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of cupping, a kind of physical treatment, on morphine withdrawal symptoms in the rats. In this study male Wistar rats weighting 225-275gr were used. The animals were randomly assigned to 8 groups [n=10] and treated with morphine [dependent groups] or saline [nondependent groups]. The dependent groups received the additive doses of the morphine twice a day for nine days in order to induce dependency. Afterward, cupping was conducted on the GV14 acupuncture point either one time before withdrawal induction or daily in addition to administration of morphine or saline. In the control groups, the cup was just placed on the point without any vacuum induction. On the ninth day, 30 minutes after administration of saline or morphine, all groups received naloxone injection and the withdrawal symptoms including jumping, rearing, body grooming, abdominal-writhing, and wet-dog shaking were recorded for 60 minutes. The results revealed that a single cupping before the withdrawal induction significantly attenuated the withdrawal symptoms [p<0.01] compared to the control group. However, daily cupping failed to decrease the withdrawal symptoms in the dependent rats. The results also indicated that daily cupping in the non- dependent rats increased the naloxone-induced withdrawal symptoms significantly [p<0.01] in comparison to the saline control group. We found that one time cupping before withdrawal induction decreased the withdrawal symptoms which might be the result of the effect of the cupping on releasing the endogenous opioids and gabaergic pathway

Educational needs assessment for men's participation in perinatal care

To assess men's educational needs to improve their involvement in perinatal care we carried out a descriptive, cross-sectional study on 400 women seeking perinatal care in Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences hospitals and 400 men who were accompanying them. Participants were recruited using a quota sampling method. A questionnaire was used to collect information on demography, men's educational needs and attitude assessment. The mean attitude score was 79.13% [SD 10.5%]. More than 95% of participants agreed with perinatal care education for men and the content most required was "Signs of risks during the perinatal period" and "Mothers' nutrition". The majority of participants preferred the face-to-face couples' counselling method, at home as the best place, evening and weekends as the best time and marriage classes as the best time for initiation. Men's education is necessary to promote male involvement in perinatal care

Comparison of three treatment methods of dental pulp inflammation with missing values

Background and Purpose: Microbial, physical and chemical irritants may lead to dental pulp inflammation. For irreversible pulpitis, root canal therapy is the only option. In these situations, vital pulp therapy is usually uncomplicated and inexpensive. The main aim of the present study was comparing three different treatments of dental pulp inflammation, including root canal therapy and pulpotomy. Since there were missing data in the 6 and 12 months follow-ups, the missing mechanism was considered in data analysis process

Methods and Materials: In this clinical trial, 615 patients were randomly allocated into three arms: RCT [n=203], pulpotomy with CEM cement [n=205], and with MTA [n=207]. The presence of periapical lesion in the baseline, 6th and 12th month was assessed radiographically. After evaluating the mechanism of the missing data, weighted generalized estimating equations [WGEE] methodology was utilized for the analysis of data. To do this, the SAS software, version 9.1 was used

Results: The success rate of pulpotomy with MTA in 6 and 12 months follow-up was 96% and 95%, respectively. These rates were 92% and 93% for pulpotomy with CEM. Additionally, the success rate of root canal therapy was 78% and 82% in the above mentioned follow-up periods respectively, which indicate the significant superiority of pulpotomy with MTA and CEM over RCT [P<0.05]; but no significant difference was found between MTA and CEM success rates. Presence rate of periapical lesion were 8%, 4% and 22% of CEM, MTA and RCT groups, respectively, in six months follow-up. These figures were 7%, 5% and 18% respectively, in one-year follow-up; however, no significant difference was observed between the two pulpotomy methods, but the difference was significant for pulpotomy techniques and RCT [P<0.05]. Also, the effect of age and sex on periapical lesion were not significant [P>0.05]

Conclusion: Results of multiple statistical modeling on comparing the success rate of three therapies indicated that pulpotomy using two biomaterials [CEM and MTA] seems to be more successful than the traditional RCT

[Offering a proper framework to investigate water quality of the Atrak river]

The Atrak River is an important water supply resource in the Razavi Khorasan, Northern Khorasan and Golestan provinces. This river is the line border of Iran and Turkistan countries. Unfortunately, lack of water quality and quantity data due to nonexistence of a proper surface water quality monitoring station network is one of themain problems for water quality evaluation in the Atrak River. The main objective of the research is to offer a proper framework for surface water quality evaluation regarding to the mentioned limitations. In the first step, proper surface water quality monitoring stations along Atrak River are selected and water quality conditions are indicated using water quality index [WQI] model. The second step is allocated for determining trophic states of the river. Finally, the river water quality modeling is carried out for one of the most important index of water quality in the Atrak River i.e. total dissolved solids [TDS] based on proposed method by Oconnor [1976]. Results of WQI model showed that most of the stations were in the moderate class. The result also showed that most parts of this river had trophic condition. Finally, based on findings of O'Conor model it is demonstrated that the salinity status observed in these four stations originated from the base flow and therefore, salinity is affected by the natural sources. This methodology in the research can be used in rivers which don't have the proper surface water quality monitoring stations and therefore encountered with lack of water quality data. It can provide the proper strategy and management tasks to reach the good water quality conditions

Cytotoxicity comparison of nanosilver coated gutta- percha with Guttaflow and normal gutta-percha on L929 fibroblast with MTT assay

Gutta-percha is shown to be the most widely used root canal filing material due to its well-known low toxicity potential. A new kind of gutta-percha with nanosilver coating has synthesized by Iranian researchers and claimed to have antibacterial an antifungal properties. The aim of this study was to compare the cyotoxicity of nanosilver coated gutta-percha, GuttaFlow [GF], with normal gutta-percha [GP] on mouse fibroblast cell line L929. In this in vitro study, cytotoxicity was evaluated by fibroblast cell culture and its direct contact with the test materials. 30 specimens inserted in test tubes and cell survival fraction was estimated by MTT test after Ihour, 24 hour, and 1 week. Two way ANOVA, one way ANOVA and Tukey HSD were used for statistical analysis. After 1 hour, cytotoxicity among three 3 test materials was significantly different. Nanosilver coated gutta-percha had the highest cytotoxicity and GuttaFlow the lowest one [P<0.01]. After 24 hour, no significant differences were observed [P=0.37]. After 1 week, GuttaFlow showed significantly higher cytotoxicity than normal gutta-percha and nanosilver gutta-percha [P<0.001]. However, this difference was not significant between nanosilver and normal gutta-percha [P>0.05]. In nanosilver gutta-percha group, the most cytotoxicity was observed after 1 hour while it was decreased with time and became equal to normal gutta-percha after 24 hours and after 1 week, it reached the lowest level among 3 test materials

Differences in cephalometric analysis measurements: a comparison of computerized versus hand - tracing methods

The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of cephalometric measurements using computerized tracing in comparison with hand tracing of radiographic printouts. A sample was used, consisting of 90 standardized lateral cephalometric radiographs, obtaining from 10 year old male and female patients with normal skeletal and dental components. The radiographs were analyzed by two different observers. The first observer performed the manual and computerized tracing and then the procedure randomly rechecked by the second observer. A total of 13 anatomical landmarks of McNamara analysis were located and angular and linear measurements were obtained. Measurement reproducibility was evaluated by calculating intraclass correlation coefficients [ICC]. Differences greater than 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. Significant differences were found between the methods for [Inferior Airway Space] in females. Cephalometric measurements of most parameters were reproducible for both methods. The study showed that confidence can be increased in tracings obtained from computer-assisted cephalometric analysis. As the discrepancies found between both manual and computerized, were mostly not statistically significant, any differences were minimal and clinically acceptable

[Incidence of intradialytic complications and their risk factors in patients undergoing hemodialysis in hospitals affiliated to medical university of Hamadan Iran]

Hemodialysis is one the most common renal replacement therapies in end stage renal disease. Despite progress in dialysis technology, intradialytic complications occur frequently. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of intradialytic complications and their risk factors in patients undergoing hemodialysis in hospitals affiliated to Medical University of Hamedan Iran in 2009. 192 patients undergoing hemodialysis participated in this descriptive correlational study. These patients were included in the study using census method. Data were collected by1- a questionnaire which consisted of 3 sections [demographic information, person - related factors and therapy- related factors], 2-a check list and clinical examination [blood pressure and weight measurement]. Content validity of the questionnaire was assessed by 10 nursing experts, 5 staff of hemodialysis wards and 2 nephrologists. Reliability of check list was measured using inter-rater reliability [r=0.98]. Data were collected by the second author. Data were analyzed by SPSS 15. Findings showed that the most frequent complications include: hypotension [%15.1], muscle cramp[%11.5], nausea[%9.4], headache[%7.8], angina[%2.6], vomiting [%2.1] and itching[%1.6] respectively. Logistic regression analysis, showed a significant correlation between age and cramp [person - related causes] and a significant correlation between hypotension, cramp with vomiting and headache. Moreover, findings showed a significant correlation between nausea with eating during dialysis [patient- related causes]; and between hypotension with dialysis solution [therapy- related causes]. Based on the results of this study, most of intradialytic complications can be prevented. Use of these findings can improve the process of dialysis

Clinical and radiographic success of vital pulp therapy using marginal regression model

Root canal therapy [RCT] is the gold standard and commonly used treatment for pulpitis. However, regarding the importance of tooth survival, pulpotomy has become of great concern. The aim of this study was to compare the RCT and vital pulp therapy treatment in teeth with irreversible pulpitis. This was a clinical trial carried out in 4 provinces of Iran including Khorasan Razavi, Tehran, Yazd, and Pars in 2008. Patients were randomly allocated into three arms: The RCT, pulpotomy with CEM, and pulpotomy with MTA. Periapical lesion and percussion test were evaluated at baseline, 6th and 12th month follow ups. Data were analyzed using marginal regression and generalized estimating equations by SAS software version 9.1. The odds ratio of periapical lesion in RCT group was 5.07 times higher than that of pulpotomy with MTA and 3.25 times higher than CEM cement group [P<.001]. The difference between MTA and CEM cement groups was insignificant, statistically. Also, the odds ratio of percussion test failed to show any statistically significant difference in treatment group. In addition, neither the age nor the gender influenced the percussion test and periapical lesion responses, statistically. Regarding the data found in our study, Pulpotomy can be considered as an alternative treatment for RCT

survey of hygiene and safety physical environment status of primary schools in Shahrekord city in 2009

Today, about 6 million elementary school students are studying in Iran. Due to physical characteristic and special behavior, these students are faced with environmental dangers more than adults. Hygiene and safety physical environment of schools has effective role in the students health.The aim of this research was to determine physical environment health status of public primary school students in Shahrekord city in 2009. In the present descriptive study, all 37 public primary schools of Shahrekord city were surveyed using census methodology.Data were collected through checklist with l05 questions including four sections. Validity tools confirmed content validity. Reliability tools confirmed inter-rater correlation coefficient.Check lists were completed by direct observation and exact measures by standard meter and review and observation documents. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16 through two-way variance analysis [p<0.01]. The results showed that health status of school buildings in 100% of schools was appropriate. Equipment and facilities in 47.4% of schools were suitable and in 52 .6% were insufficient. Health facilities status in 36.8%of schools was suitable and in 63.2% was insufficient. Safety physical environment status in 36.8% of schools was suitable and in 63.2% was insufficient. The results also indicated the health status of these buildings scored highest with a mean and standard deviation of 75.6 +/- 3.1 while status of health facilities scored lowest with the mean and standard deviation of 31.2 +/- 4. According to the results hygiene and safety physical environmental status did not have a satisfactory condition. Continuous checking of the condition helps to find weak and strong point in order to plan a better health condition of primary schools

Effect of acute smoking on diastolic function

Smoking is a known risk factor of atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction, athermanous plaque rupture, unstable coronary syndrome and sudden cardiac death. The present study comprised 40 randomly selected healthy male hospital staff without a history of hypertension or cardiac or pulmonary disease. Participants were divided into two groups. The first group included 20 professional smokers [at least 5 pack/year till the time of study] and the second group consisted of 20 nonprofessional smokers defined as 0.5 pack/ year or less till the time of study. Participants were instructed not to smoke for 6 hours before the study. Patients underwent echocardiography before smoking. The participants were then asked to smoke a whole cigarette. After smoking, echocardiography was repeated within 7 to 15 minutes. Echocardiographic indices of diastolic function [E wave, A wave, Ea, E/A ratio and deceleration time] were measured before and after smoking. There was no statistically significant difference in the baseline measures in both groups before smoking and also there was no significant difference between measures in the two groups after smoking. The analysis of the pooled data from two groups showed that, smoking resulted in significant increase of heart rate [P<0.001]. A wave, E wave, Ea, E/A ratio and deceleration time changed significantly after smoking [P<0.001, P=0.027, P=0.011, P<0.001 and P<0.001 respectively]. Smoking of only a cigarette in both professional and nonprofessional smokers resulted in the same significant diastolic dysfunction

[Conjugation of anti-morphine antibody to gold nanoparticles synthesized with glutamic acid]

Gold nanoparticles are one of the most applicable metal nanoparticles which are widely being used in different fields such as nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology. The goal of this study is the production of gold nanoparticles with appropriate size by the use of Glutamic acid which is considered as a green method. For diagnostic application the synthesized gold nanoparticles would be than conjugated with anti-morphine antibody. In this experimental study, gold nanoparticles were synthesized and coated by chemical reduction method with the use of Glutamic acid. Formation of gold nanoparticles and their size were recognized and measured by UV-Vis spectroscopy, Dynamic light scattering and Transmission electron microscopy. Anti-morphine antibody was purified and prepared by subcutaneous injection of 400 micro g/ml dose of morphine vaccine to 9 rabbits. Study of immunity, immunogenicity and antibody production was performed by immuno-diffussion methods. After production and recognition of colloidal gold nanoparticles they were changed into suspension by the use of PBS buffer. They were then conjugated with anti-morphine antibody and incubated at 4 degree C for 115 hours. Conjugated nanoparticles were characterization by SDS-PAGE and UV-V is spectroscopy. The highest absorption of these particles was at 525 nm and their size was about 20 nm formed bands pertaining to conjugated nanoparticles were displaced in compare with standard samples. Glutamic acid is capable of synthesizing gold nanoparticles and since amino acids are intoxic, the nanoparticles which are synthesized by the use of amino acids, would be applicable in medicine and biotechnology. Nanoparticles conjugated with antibodies, could be also used as recognition tools.

[Effect of locally delivered phenytoin 1% on improvement of chronic periodontitis parameters]

Different adjunctive treatment options have been proposed for treating periodontal diseases other than standard scaling and root planning due to higher incidence of periodontal conditions. Phenytoin is a drug primarily used for the treatment of epilepsy. However, its positive effect on wound healing process has encouraged researchers to recommend it for patients with periodontitis. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Phenytoin 1% gel in the improvement of periodontal parameters in chronic periodontitis. In an experimental split-mouth study, 18 patients with moderate periodontitis having at least 2 contra lateral teeth, pocket depth of 4-5 mm and no history of systemic disease were selected. After standard scaling and root planning treatment, both right or left side of the oral cavity was randomly assigned for local delivery of phenytoin 1% gel and, the other side was selected as control. Pocket depth [PD] and connective tissue adhesion [CTA] indices were assessed at the baseline and also two, four and eight weeks after the first injection. The data were analyzed using Repeated Measures ANOVA and Paired T-tests, considering the baseline measures as covariates. Using baseline PD and CTA values as covariates, significant reduction was observed in mean PD [P<0.05] and significant increase in mean CTA [P<0.001] during the study period. Also there were significant difference between the control experimental sites in terms of mean PD index and CTA [P< 0.001 for both]. Using Phenytoin after standard scaling and root planning can relatively improve the status of Pocket depth and connective tissue adhesion

[Effect of Er,Cr:YSGG laser on fissure sealant retention: Comparative in-vitro study]

Use of pit and fissure sealants are safe and effective preventive procedures for occlusal caries. Long term retention of pit and fissure sealants is essential for their success and depends partly on the method of fissure preparation. Recently, new technologies such as laser and air abrasion have been used to increase bond of sealants. This in vitro study compared the effect of laser with other methods [air abrasion and conventional] on retention of sealants by measuring micro shear bond strength. This experimental in-vitro study used sound premolar teeth. They were sectioned mesiodistally in order to use the buccal and lingual surfaces. Samples were randomly divided into 3 groups. Group I samples were prepared with 37% acid phosphoric. Group II samples were exposed to air abrasion and then acid etching. Group III specimens were exposed to Er,Cr:YSGG [2W power] and then acid etching. Bonding was applied on all samples and sealants in microbore tygon tube [0.7 mm in diameter and 1mm height] were cured. Data on micro shear bond strength was measured and analyzed statistically by One-Way ANOVA and Tukey tests. Mean micro shear bond strength for group I, II, III, were 23.51[ +/- 6.9], 39.09[ +/- 15.11], 21.44[ +/- 6.18] MPa respectively. A significant statistical difference [P<0.01] was detected in group II [air abrasion with etching] compared with other groups. Considering the smooth surface enamel used in this study, it can be concluded that irradiation of the laser before etching can not increase fissure sealant retention. However, air abrasion technique before etching showed greater sealant retentions

Mesh diagram software programming and norm calculations for Iranian adolescences [Qazvin, Mashhad]

Nowadays, taking lateral cephalograms in natural head position is recommended however, the radiographic norms vary in different populations. Performance of cephalometric analysis has become much easier and more accurate using computer software. The aim of present study was to program software for Mesh analysis and constructing two normal Mesh templates for cities of Qazvin and Mashhad. This was a descriptive study in which the Mesh analysis software was programmed by means of Microsoft visual C++ based on Windows XP using My-SQL as database. The samples were NHP cephalograms from 11 to 13 years old adolescence with normal occlusion including 37 [21 girls and 16 boys] in the city of Qazvin and 65 [32 girls and 33 boys] in the city of Mashhad. The cephalograms were scanned and 4 Mesh templates constructed for each gender in each of two cities using Moorees method. The dimensions of each of the 34 landmarks of each template were statistically compared with each other by means of t- test in both boys and girls, separately. Among girls, 38 measures out of 68 [17 width and 21 height] and in boys 20 measures out of 68 [8 width and 12 height] indicated significant statistical differences between two cities. In addition to sex, age, and the dimensions of SN and N-ANS, the ethnical origin of patients should be considered when dentoskeletal analysis of abnormalities is performed

[Association between chronic periodontitis and acute myocardial infarction]

Chronic periodontitis has been associated with cardiovascular diseases. The hypothesis that oral espically periodontal, infections systemic implications, is now gaining evidence. In this Case- control study, cases were 45-60 years old patients who had been hospitalized in one of cardiologic care units or emergency wards of Isfahan city such Chamran and Khorshid Shahr hospitals, for acute myocardial infarction [AMI]. Control group had no evidence of acute myocardial infarction, all receiving comprehensive periodontal examination. Information such as age, socioeconomic state, smoking and Dm history were obtained from hospital records and direct interview. Dependent variants attachment loss [AL] and lost teeth have been considered as characteristics of periodontal disease. In this research a total of 56 samples participated in our study, based on informed consent. The association between mean attachment level and number of missing teeth with studied groups were analyzed with paired t -test and SPSS 15 software. Research findings showed that AL index mean in patients group [MI patients] and control group [healthy group] was 3.11 +/- 1.05 and 2.46 +/- .85 and lost teeth index mean in patients group and control group was 7.78 +/- 5.12 and 4.67 +/- 3.47 respectively. The statistical test showed that these differences in both indexes with p<0.05 are significant. According to the findings, we can advise if elders in ordinary dentistry examinations show signs of periodontal disease and have some lost teeth may have higher risks for cardiovascular disease

Surveying Desferal production increment by inducing mutation in Streptomyces griseoflavus

Desferal or Desferrioxamine B mesylate is an iron chealator drug. This medicine decreases the iron overload in the thalassemia patients who have been blood transfused; the excess of iron is excreted through bile or urine. Novartis is the sole company which produces desferrioxamine B mesylate in the world and our country is importer of such drug. Thus we tried to increase Desferal production by inducing mutation in Streptomyces griseoflavus. This is an applied research carried out at pilot level. The organism is a Gram-positive bacterium that was supplied in lyophilized by Persian Type culture Collection, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology [IROST], Tehran, Iran bearing the code no. PTCC1130, which was cultured on Des4 medium. The organism was mutated by UV irradiation hence selective techniques and markers were employed to distinguish marked strains from parent S. griseoflavus. When the mutated organisms were selected according to their characteristics and used to fuse their protoplasts in order to obtain high yield desferrioxamine producing recombinant Streptomyces griseoflavus. The varied parameters were bacterial growth rate and desferal concentration in the culture broth. Our study showed that the rate of desferal production in mutant's strains called C7031 and S7011 and fusants srains called FP10 and FP9 was higher than wiled type Streptomyces griseoflavus. The increment in production of desferrioxamine was found to be 68% in FP9 and 81% in FP10 fusants. The mutation and protoplasts fusion of Streptomyces griseoflavus caused increment in production of desferrioxamine. The infrared spectrum, thin layer chromatogram of desferrioxamine extracted from culture broth was similar to that of standard desferrioxamine [Novartis] from the point of molecular identity