Evaluation of humoral immunity and protective efficacy of biofilm producing Staphylococcus aureus bacterin-toxoid prepared from a bovine mastitis isolate in rabbit

Mastitis is a one of the major diseases of dairy animals. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common microorganism associated with this dairy scourge. Cure rates of mastitis associated with this pathogen are appallingly low. Biofilm is an important virulence factor and immunogenic structure of S. aureus that makes it resistant to phagocytosis and antibiotics. Reports on the efficacy of vaccine prepared from a biofilm producing S. aureus are infrequent. The present study was designed to evaluate the role of a bacterin-toxoid prepared from a strong biofilm producing S. aureus in effective immunization of rabbits. The strong biofilm producing S. aureus selected from 64 isolates of staphylococci was used to prepare bacterin-toxoid and aluminum hydroxide gel was added as an adjuvant. The vaccine was evaluated in rabbits by challenge protection assay and humoral immune response. The mortality rates in control and vaccinated groups were 80% and 10% at day 7 post challenge and 100% and 20% at day 15 post challenge, respectively. Serum antibody titer [GMT] was significantly higher [294.0] in vaccinated group as compared to control group of rabbits [2.63] at day 45. The results showed that the vaccine has significantly elicited humoral immune response in rabbit and developed protective efficacy against new infections

Minimally invasive endoscopic removal of a massive trabecular juvenile ossifying fibroma of the paranasal sinuses

An 11-year-old female patient presented with left-sided nasal obstruction and upward displacement of the left eye of 3 months duration. Clinical examination revealed a firm mass in the left nasal cavity. A CT scan showed a massive tumor involving the left maxillary sinus with extension into the ethmoid sinus, and encroaching on the left orbit. Histopathological examination revealed trabecular juvenile ossifying fibroma, which was removed via a transnasal endoscopic surgery by the Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck and the skull base team. She tolerated the lengthy procedure well, and there was no recurrence postoperatively as the tumor was resected completely. There was no external scarring and no psychological trauma discerned

Frequency of impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes mellitus in subjects with fasting blood glucose below 6.1 mmol/L [110 mg/dL]

The diagnosis of diabetes mellitus by the available criteria is controversial and relies heavily on fasting glucose results. This cross-sectional study in 2010-2011 aimed to measure the frequency of impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes mellitus in 127 subjects having fasting blood glucose < 7.0 mmol/L and to measure the agreement between different standard diagnostic criteria. Subjects presenting to a laboratory for analysis of fasting blood glucose for excluding diabetes meilitus underwent a 2-hour 75 g oral glucose challenge. A total of 40.6% of subjects with fasting blood glucose from 5.6-6.0 mmol/L had abnormal glucose regulation on the basis of the gold standard glucose challenge. Agreement between American Diabetes Association and World Health Organization diagnostic criteria was only fair [kappa =: 0.32]. Abnormalities of glucose metabolism including impaired glucose

Unexplained cardiac arrest during closure of craniotomy: case report and review of literature

Hypotension and bradycardia after application of suction to a subgaleal drain, or stimulus inside or outside the skull, have been reported in the medical literature. The commonly reported occurrence is stimulation of the Trigeminal nerve along its distribution and is the main factor that sets off the whole reflex arc through the Vagus nerve ending in a series of serious hemodynamic changes that institute severe bradycardia, asystole and severe hypotension. Another less common but possible pathology caused by a suction drain is Pseudo-Hypoxic Brain Swelling [PHBS]. We report a case of transient cardiac arrest after the application of theatre suction to a subgaleal drain at the closure of an uneventful craniotomy and discuss the possibilities as well as review the literature

Dermal sinus, intramedullary dermoid cyst and multiple spinal abscesses: a rare combination with serious clinical implications

A rare combination of multiple intradural spinal abscesses in association with a dermal sinus and intraconal cyst in a 3-month-old child is presented. Although present at birth, the dermal sinus was unappreciated until complicated by intradural abscess. Clinical progression to intramedullary abscess resulted in rapid neurological deterioration. The extent of infection was well characterised on MRI and prompt surgical intervention resulted in complete neurological recovery

Histological study on withdrwal of chronic lithium therapy on rabbits thyroid

Sixty male adult albino rabbits were divided into two groups, control and experimental. Each group was divided into three sub-groups. Lithium Carbonate powder 34.2 mg per kg body weight was administered daily by oral route in the form of capsule for four weeks to the experimental group. The control group was given empty capsule and normal diet. Animal weight and serum lithium levels were measured at the beginning of the experiment and were checked weekly. After four weeks, one third of the animal in each group were sacrificed and thyroid were examined to see the affect of drugs on them. Second group was sacrificed after one week of withdrawal and third group after two weeks of withdrawal. The serum lithium levels drop significantly after two weeks of withdrawal but did not reach the base line. There was significant increase in the weight of the animals, weight and relative tissue weight index of the thyroid, mostly due to congestion as hyperplasia and hypertrophy seen after two weeks of withdrawal had no significant increase as compared to the other experimental groups. Therefore, significant increase in weight of thyroid after two weeks of withdrawal can be attributed to persisting lithium in tissues or rebound phenomenon

Effect of lactation on postpartum uterine involution in rat

To see the effect of lactation on uterine involution. Setting: Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore. Design: Study of uterine weight and extracellular matrix in rat uterine wall. Subjects: Sixty six mature virgin albino rats. Average age 8 weeks. Average weight 156gms. Group A [non pregnant] 06 animals. Group B [postpartum lactating] 30 animals. Group C [postpartum non lactating] 30 animals. Six animals from group B and C each sacrificed daily from day 1-5 after parturition. Uterine weight increased 10-11 folds on first day after parturition [P <0.01]. The uterine wall was thickened. The collagen fibres were increased through out the uterine wall. They were surrounding groups of muscle fibres and individual myocytes also. Collagen degradation and removal resulted in uterine involution which was accelerated by lactation. Lactation accelerates the process of uterine involution

Role of zinc on lead induced nephrotoxicity in rat: a histological study

To determine the effects of lead and its interaction with zinc, lead acetate and zinc chloride was given alone and incombination to albino rats to study the histological changes in the kidneys. The animals were sacrificed after 7, 21 and 42 days. Lead exposed animals exhibited reduction in their body weight. There was degeneration and necrosis of PCT along with interstitial haemorrhage. These effects were minimized on administration of zinc during 7 days only this concluding a dose related protective effect of zinc on lead

Insulin resistance and hyper-insulinemia in patients with ischemic heart disease

To determine the prevalence of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia in non-diabetic patients having Ischemic Heart Disease. A cross-sectional case control study of 50 patients [4-8 weeks after myocardial infarction] and a comparable group of 10 healthy volunteers. Out-patient department and North Medical Ward of Mayo Hospital, Lahore. Main outcome measures: Determination of hyper-insulinemia and insulin resistance using HOMA method. The study group showed significantly higher insulin level 7.2 +/- 7.56 vs. 2.5 +/- 0.85 [p=.0001] and higher insulin resistance 32.69 +/- 34.05 vs. 8.58 +/- 2.97 [p=.001] as compared to control group, while all other traditional risk factors were comparable in the two groups. It appears that insulin resistance and resultant hyper-insulinaemia is common in patients recovering from acute myocardial infarction and may be an independent risk factor in the development of ischaemic from acute myocardial infarction and may be an independent risk factor in the development of ischaemic heart disease

Changes in extracellular matrix in rat uterine wall during pregnancy

To find changes in collagen fibers in extracellular matrix of uterine wall during early and late pregnancy. Settings: Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore. Design: Study of extracellular matrix in rat uterine wall. Subjects: Twenty four virgin mature albino rats. Average age 08 weeks. Average weight 155gms. Group A [non pregnant [06 animals. Group B [Pregnant] 18 animals, sacrificed after 1st, and 2nd and 3rd week of pregnancy. A significant rise in the uterine weight [without fetuses] during pregnancy was observed. During early pregnancy the collagen fibres were increased. Collagen degradation was noted during late pregnancy, which was correlated to increased amount of ground substance between the fibers. Thickness of uterine wall increased significant during early pregnancy but at full term it thinned out due to great stretching of the wall. During early pregnancy collagen fibres are increased in extracellular matrix of rat uterine wall, while, during late pregnancy they show degradation

Clinical and bacteriological study of acute otitis media

Between February 1986 and February 1987 eighty patients presented with Acute Otitis media. Adolescent and adults formed the majority in this group, 36% of patients presented when they already had a perforation in the tympanic membrane. Bacteriological cultures revealed Staph. pyogenes, Staph. aureus, Strept. pneumonae and Haemophilus, to be the common organisms. These Patients were divided into two groups for a double blind trial half recieving Bacampicillin and half placebo. There was satisfactory clinical response to Bacampicillin with 36 patients improving with treatment. The importance of antihistamine and decongestants was also realized in the management of the condition

Chloroquin resistant plasmodium vivaz molatia in NWFP [Pakistan]

First case of Plasmodium vivax malaria resistant to chloroquin is described. This conclusion was reached on the basis of therapeutic test in a patient who was suffering from malaria due to Plasmodium vivax infection. Adequate doses of chloroquin phosphate were given with no result; quin phosphate were given with no result; ultimately temperature came down with adequate doses of quinine sulphate