Bactriological studies on some diseases causing broilers mortality with the possibility of vaccine production

Two hundred and seventy samples were randomly collected from Sharkia Government and Peasantry Farms in various localities. These samples were subjected from bacteriological investigation allover the year to explore the actual bacterial causative agents. The obtained data revealed that, 65 isolates were E. coll, 20 isolates were Salmonella spp, 15 isolates were Staph aureus and 15 isolates were Campylobacter jejuni with incidence percentages of 24%, 7.4%, 5.5%, and 5.5% respectively. From the results of this study it can be concluded that the E. coli infection is incorporated in complicated respiratory infection and almost need for use of sensitive antibiotic for control measures considered and an important direction to avoid loss of body weight, prolonged respiratory signs and economic losses. Vaccination against E. coli infection induced protection immune response especially vaccinated at 6 days of age. Sensitivity tests related that E. coli were sensitive for lincospectin, doxycydine, gentamicin, colistin sulphat, chloramphicol and amoxicillin while it resistance to erthromycic. Concerning salmonella were sensitive to chloramphenicol, lincospectin, doxycyclin and less sensitive to erythromycin and colistin sulphate. In case of Staph. aureus were sensitive to amoxicillin, gentamycin and lincospectin and less sensitive to erythromycin and resistance to colistin sulphate. In case of Campylobacter jejuni were sensitive to lincospectin, doxycycline, amoxicillin and gentamycin, while no effect could be observed with erythromycin

Knowledge, perceptions and practices towards medical ethics among physician residents of University of Alexandria hospitals, Egypt

This cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the knowledge, perceptions and practices towards medical ethics of physician residents at university hospitals in Alexandria, Egypt. A self-administered structured questionnaire was used for knowledge and perceptions and a checklist for observations of doctor -patient interactions in the outpatient setting. Only 18.0% of the 128 participating residents had obtained their knowledge from their medical education and 29.9% were dissatisfied with the roles played by the ethics committee. Most of the residents had satisfactory knowledge and 60.2% had satisfactory perceptions regarding ethical issues. The lowest perception score was in the domain of disclosing medical errors. Only 48.0% of the residents were compliant with the principles of medical ethics in practice and 52.0% of patients were dissatisfied with their treating physicians. The study identified areas of unsatisfactory knowledge and practices towards ethical issues so as to devise means to sensitize residents to these issues and train them appropriately

Problems and perceived needs for medical ethics education of resident physicians in Alexandria teaching hospitals, Egypt

There is a call for greater preparation for the ethical challenges encountered by physicians in their future professional duties. This study in Egypt aimed to reveal problems and perceived needs for medical ethics education of resident physicians working at University of Alexandria hospitals. In a descriptive, cross-sectional survey, 128 residents answered a self-administered questionnaire. More than half were of the opinion that their medical ethics course was ineffective; 56.3% mentioned poor curricular planning. The majority complained that the subject was not tailored to specialties, the course was too short, there was a shortage of resources to facilitate the educational process and that assessment was done for knowledge but not for skills. Problems related to staffing were low staff:student ratios and staff lack of experience. Trainees, regardless of clinical discipline, felt that there was a great need for improvement to their medical ethics education

Needlestick injuries among health care workers of University of Alexandria hospitals

The aims of tiis cross-sectiona sffi and circumstances of needlestick injury [NSI] among heath care workers at University of Alexandria teaching hospitals and to assess the effectiveness of the existing control measures and standard precautions Data were obtained by anonymous, self-reporting questionnaire from 645 staff in 2007. Around two-thirds of workers [67.9%] had suffered at least 1 NSI in the last 12 months. High-risk patients [with history of HIV, hepatitis B virus or, hepatitis C virus infection or injecting drug use] were involved in 8.2% of injuries. On evaluating the effectiveness j of existing control measures, significant were: using devices with safety features [OR 0.41], adherence to infection control guidelines [OR 0.42] tranining in injection safety [OR 0.14], comfortable room temperature [OR 0.32] and availability of a written protocol for prompt reporting [OR 0.37]

Gender differences in factors associated with patients' decisions to seek treatment for urinary incontinence in Alexandria, Egypt

The objective of this descriptive, hospital-based comparative cross-sectional survey was to determine gender differences in factors associated with patients' decisions to seek treatment for urinary incontinence [Ul]. Using an interview questionnaire, data were collected from 353 patients attending clinics at hospitals in Alexandria, Egypt. There were differences between males and females regarding specific psychosocial factors motivating health care seeking behaviour. Women had fewer hospital admissions and hospital days and less use of diagnostic procedures and surgery. More women suffered from at least one negative impact on their social lives compared to men. The impact of symptoms on quality of life appeared to be the main trigger for seeking help for Ul in both men and women

[Ecology and biology of Nabbash, Barbus barbulus in Euphrates river, south of Baghdad]

The ecology and biology of Nabbash, Barbus barbulus were studied in Euphrates river, south of Baghdad during the period from September 2002 to December 2003. Some of water physico-chemical characteristics were measured such as water temperature, salt concentration, turbidity, dissolved oxygen concentration and total organic matter of sediments. Gonado-somatic index [GSI] and stomach contents of 293 specimens were determined. The results indicated an increase in female numbers length and weight in comparison with those of males of the same age group. A reverse relation ship between GSI and relative condition factor [Kn] was noticed. Fishes showed clear fluctuations in their deductive consume plant sources [76.54% of the small individuals] or animal sources [75.93% of the large individuals]. Data analysis of feeding activity and intensity showed highest values in smaller fishes

Comparative biochemical study on different types of red meat commonly consumed by Saudi population in Riyadh

Rred meat such as camel, cow, goat and sheep, contain many essential nutrients necessary for healthy growth and development of children, as well as for good health and well-being in adults. In the present work the biochemical characteristics of different types of meats commonly consumed in Saudi Arabia will be investigated in an attempt to determine their nutritive values. Levels of glutathione, vitamins C and E as important antioxidants were measured in the studied meat extracts. In addition, lipid peroxides, glycogen, cholesterol and nitric oxide were also measured. The data show that camel meat has the highest nutritive value being the richest with antioxidants and has the lowest levels of lipid peroxides and cholesterol. Variation in the different measured parameters in camel, goat, cow and sheep meats was discussed in relation to the low incidence of colorectal cancer and to the high rate of cardamom consumption in Saudi Arabian population

On the pathogenicity of attenuated Schistosoma mansoni cercariae released from metabolically disturbed Biomphalaria alexandrina

In this study, Biomphalaria alexandrina was treated with sublethal concentrations [LC10] of the dry powdered leaves Solanum nigrum or the whole dry Ambrosia maritima. The two plants affected the development of schistosome parasite within snails by disturbing the glycolytic flux, the most important metabolic pathway for schistosome-infected snails. Attenuated cercariae released from the treated snails were used to infect male albino mice to evaluate their pathogenicity compared with the control cercariae shed from the untreated snails. Most of the males and females detected in these animals measured 0.4-0.6 and 0.6-1.2 mm, respectively, released from mice infected with normal cercariae. The egg count in the liver and intestine of mice infected with attenuated cercariae was remarkably lower showing a reduced fecundity of worms developed from attenuated cercariae. The number and size of granulomatous reactions showed a remarkable reduction in the attenuated cercariae-infected mice. The biochemical analyses for the pathogenicity achieved with attenuated cercariae showed that while serum aspartate and alanine aminotransferases [AST and ALT] were more or less similar, depleted glycogen and elevated lipid peroxides were normalized when compared with those infected with normal cercariae

Corrective action of carnosine on liver enzymes in ethanol intoxication

The changes in activities of certain enzymes in the liver of ethanol ingested rats and the corrective action of carnosine treatment was studied in the present work. These enzymes included, alcohol dehydrogenase [adh] and some enzymes of energy metabolism including, hexokinase hk. Phosphofructokinase [pfk], malate dehydrogenase [mdh] and creatine phosphokinase [cpk]. Ethanol ingestion showed a marked reduction in the activities of energy metabolism enzymes, indicating the toxic effect of ethanol by inducing oxidative stress on liver tissues, administration of carnosine ameliorated the toxic action of ethanol by improving the activities of the four energy metabolism enzymes

Expression of T-cells and their subsets in different types of non hodgkin lymphoma

Eighteen cases diagnosed histopathologically as malignant lymphomas with different subtypes were subjected to immunological study to express their content of T-cells and their subsets. They were stained by the Avidin-Biotin complex method with the use of monoclonal antibodies against helper/inducer and suppressor/cytotoxic subsets [namely T4 and T8 monoclonal antibodies]. The findings demonstrated the presence of T-cells with its subsets in nearly all cases of malignant lymphomas but with different proportions. A few number of helper T4+ cells were demonstrated intrafollicular in cases of follicular lymphoma, while a larger number was seen in diffuse lymphomas mainly in lymphoblastic, large cell and small cleaved cell subtypes with predominence of T4+ helper over T8+ suppressor subject. Meanwhile, this was reversed in diffuse mixed subset where T8+ suppressor subset dominated

Comparative studies on the effects of castration and schistosoma-infection on bulinus truncatus

The effect of castration and Schistosome infection on the growth rate fecundity, cercariae shedding pattern, tissue and haemolymph metabolic contents were determined. Both exerted acceleration in body growth and significant effects on fecundity. The cercariae shedding pattern was higher in infected-castrated group. The possible mechanism: by which castration and Schistosome infection act were discussed. Also possible involvement of parasitic infection on the hormonal mechanism of small host was considered

Effect of prolonged exposure of biomphalaria Alexandrina to low concentrations of some molluscacides I Effects on Longevity, growth rate, fecundity and susceptibility to schistosoma infection

The effect of prolonged exposure to low concentrations of Niclosamide, Frescon and Copper sulphate on longivity growth rate, Fecundity and susceptibility to Schistosome infection of Biomphalaria alexandrina snails were studied. [1] The Lc[50] values of Niclosamide, Frescon and Copper sulphate were 0.13, 0.011 and 0.072 ppm respectively. [2] A significant antagonism, Synergism and slight synergism were obtained in case of Frescon, Copper sulphate and Niclosamide respectively when the molluscicidal activity of these compounds was tested again after one week pre-exposure to the sublethal concentration of the same compound. [3] Both Niclosamide and Frescon in their sublethal concentrations caused a significant increase in growth rate. Copper sulphate had no effect. [4] There was a significant reduction in number of the laid eggs in the case of Frescon. A significant decrease in the percent of the eggs hatching was observed in case of Copper sulphate and Frescon. [5] Results concerning the percent of experimental infection of the exposed snails showed that there was a significant decrease only in case of Copper sulphate pre-treatment

Effect of prolonged exposure of biomphalaria Alexandrina snaila to low concentrations of some molluscacides

The present study deals with the effect of prolonged exposure of Biomphalaria alexandrina to low concentrations of Niclosamide, Frescon and Copper sulphate on the total protein lipids and carbohydrates.The experimental snails were exposed to low concentration [1/10 of its LC[50]], of molluscicides for a period of 1, 3, 5, 10, 17, 24 and 30 days. The results showed that Frescon leads to a significant reduction in the protein, Carbohydrates and Lipids contents from the first day of exposure. Copper sulphate also resulted a significant reduction in Protein, Carbohydrate, and Lipids from the 3rd day of exposure. Niclosamide treatment showed no significant effect but there was an apparent decrease in Protein content of snails exposed to for 17 and 24 days, in carbohydrate content for 3, 10 and 30 days and in Lipids for 24 days