Teratogenic effects of ciprofloxacin and pefloxacin in pregnant rats

The adverse effects of ciprofloxacin and pefloxacin on rat fetuses following oral administration to the pregnant rats were studied. Ciprofloxacin and pefloxacin were given daily to pregnant rats at two [therapeutic and double therapeutic] dosage levels during the period of organogenesis [from the 6[th] to the 15[th] of gestation]. Oral administration of ciprofloxacin at 4.5 and 9 mg/100 g.b.wt. to pregnant rats induced fetal resorption, death and growth retardation. Visceral examination of live fetuses showed microcephaly, hypoplasia of the heart and lungs and dilatation of renal pelvis. Skeletal examination reveated incomplete ossification of skull bones and absence of some coccygeal vertebrae. Pefloxacin at 7.2 6 mg/100 g. b. wt. decrease the number of live fetuses and caused microcephaly, hypoplasia of the heart and lungs, dilatation of the renal pelvis. It also induced incomplete ossification of skull bones and absence of sternbrae and phalanges of forelimbs. A great attention should be considered during the clinical use of ciprofloxacin and pefloxacin in pregnant women and animals to avoid their teratogenic effects

Systemic bioavailability of streptomycin sulphate and oxytetracycline hydrochloride in dogs

Evaluation of the pharmacokinetic properties of streptomycin [S] and oxytetracycline [O] were performed in dogs following a single i.m. and i.v. injection of therapeutic doses i.e. 10 mg and 3 mg/kg b.wt. respectively. The concentration of the antibiotics were determined by the microbiological assay method. The blood concentration curves following i.v. injection followed an open two compartment model. The highest concentrations of both drugs were reached after 40 min. following i.m. injection with corresponding t [0.5 alpha] values of 10.19 +/- 0.63 and 11.06 +/- 2.54 min., and t [0.5 beta] values of 6.05 +/- 0.22 and 6.27 +/- 0.36 hours respectively. The body clearance of [S] and [O] after i.v. injection showed close values i.e. 2.97 +/- 0.24 and 1.94 +/- 0.01 ml/kg [-1] min [-1] respectively. The systemic bioavailablitiy of the tested antibiotics after i.m. injection amounted to 83.29 +/- 2.61 and 83.82 +/- 3.60% respectively