Orthopedic sports injuries: advanced imaging modalities, return-to-play criteria, and injury prevention

Orthopaedic sports injuries encompass a wide range of musculoskeletal conditions resulting from the physical demands of athletic activities. These injuries can vary from acute, such as sprains and fractures, to chronic overuse syndromes like tendinopathies. Prevalent due to the global enthusiasm for sports, they affect bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments, and joints. The etiology of these injuries is multifactorial, stemming from biomechanical stressors, training methods, genetics, and environmental conditions. Advanced imaging modalities like magnetic resonance imaging and Computed tomography have revolutionized the assessment and diagnosis of these injuries, aiding in treatment decisions and return-to-play criteria. Injury prevention is paramount and involves understanding intrinsic (athlete-related) and extrinsic (environmental) risk factors. Strategies include pre-participation screening, strength and conditioning programs, biomechanical analysis, neuromuscular training, proper equipment use, rule changes, education, and creating a safety-conscious culture. Effective prevention reduces the burden of these injuries. Treatment strategies range from conservative approaches to surgery, depending on the type and severity of the injury. Emerging trends in sports medicine, including biologic therapies and telemedicine, offer promising avenues for improved diagnosis and recovery. The holistic approach to orthopaedic sports injuries encompasses prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, ensuring athletes' well-being and longevity in their chosen sports.

Epidemiology and etiology of fractures in children and adolescents

Fractures in children and adolescents are a significant public health concern. The incidence of fractures varies based on age, sex, and anatomical site, with falls, sports-related injuries, motor vehicle accidents, child abuse, and pathological conditions identified as primary causes. Risk factors such as age, sex, physical activity, bone mineral density, body composition, and genetic factors contribute to fracture occurrence. Preventive measures targeting modifiable risk factors and promoting safety in physical activities are crucial for reducing the burden of fractures in children and adolescents. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the epidemiology and etiology of fractures in children and adolescents. Understanding the epidemiological patterns and etiological factors can guide the development of effective prevention strategies and optimize fracture management in this population.