Relationship between Gleason's score and immunohistochemical staining intensity of tissue PSA in prostatic carcinoma

To evaluate the usefulness of Immunohistochemical Staining of Tissue PSA in determining the severity of Prostatic Carcinoma. Material and An explanatory study carried out at the Department of Histopathology of a Tertiary Care Hospital Lahore, from January 1999 to July 2002. Sixty-two [62]- cases of prostatic adenocarcinoma were graded with Gleason's score and stained with immunohistochemical stain for tissue PSA. Intensity of staining was correlated with Gleason's score and relationship was evaluated by ANOVA and simple regression. Specificity and sensitivity of staining intensity was estimated for specific Gleason's scores. Age of the 62 cases ranged between 50 ' 90 years and no significant difference was found between age groups regarding tumor cell differentiation. Staining intensity was found to be positively related to cellular differentiation [->2 51]. 'Relationship between staining intensity and Gleason's score showed an inverse relationship with ANOVA / linear regression; F statistic of 209.72 [p.0001] and R 0.882. Our study confirmed the findings of other international studies exploring relationships between Gleason's score and staining intensity of tissue PSA. Staining of tissue PSA with immunohistochemical stains is helpful in diagnosing the severity of the tumor grade as a complimentary tool along with Gleason's scoring

Fine needle aspiration cytology of enlarged lymph nodes and gender differences

To observe patterns in the pathological findings of lymph-node FNAC. Exploratory and Cross-sectional examination of medical records. Department of Histopathology of Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore, from 1992 to 1995 [four years]. A total of 548 fine needle aspiration cytologies were performed on patients presenting with enlarged lymph nodes. Two histopathologists evaluated each slide to confirm the findings. Descriptive analysis of the FNAC results was conducted and efficacy of the procedure was estimated. Male to female ratios were calculated and chi-square test was applied. Eighty-eight percent of the FNACs yielded a positive result on the first attempt. Infectious and cancerous FNACs averaged 42.36% and 32.09%, respectively. Granulomatous lesions were most frequently due to tuberculosis. Men were twice as likely as women to have cancer detected by an FNAC, chi[2] 24, [p 0.05]. Poorly differentiated cancer was three times as likely to be found in males than females, chi[2] 8.02. Male: female ratio for metastatic lesions was 2:1, chi[2] 11.12 [p 0.05]. In this study, infectious diseases appeared to present more frequently than cancerous lesions, as is observed in underdeveloped countries. This study complements other studies and opens new research questions, regarding gender differences in the prevalence of cancer found in enlarged lymph nodes, as cancers including the metastatic, detected on FNAC were more common in males than females