Distribution, excretion and metabolism of lead in guinea pigs

In vivo experiments were undertaken to study the distribution as well as the toxic effects of lead on male guinea pigs, Cavia porcellia. The administration of 664 mg Pb+2/kg [which represents the 96 hours LD50, orally induced the bioaccumulation of this heavy metal in various tissues in the following order: kidney >liver >bone >blood >brain. Lead administration induced its excretion by both the urinary and fecal routes. A decrease in the blood iron concentration and increases in copper, zinc and calcium levels in the blood were noticed after lead intoxication. Lead induced malformations in the RBCs and a decrease in their number. It also caused decreases in the hemoglobin content and hematocrit value. On the other hand, neither the mean corpuscular volume [MCV] nor the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration [MCHC] were changed. Increases in the activities of alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and amylase, were indicated in the plasma as a result of lead toxicity. However, acetyl cholinesterase activity decreased. Total bilirubin, glucose level, total lipids, total cholesterol, urea, uric acid and creatinine in the plasma were increased. While liver glycogen was decreased. On the other hand, total phospholipid and triglyceride concentrations in the plasma were not changed. These results were discussed in detail

effect of varying dietary levels of iron or copper on blood lactate, pyruvate and some immunological parameters in rats

In the present work, the effect of three dietary levels of eron or copper [low, adequate or high] on blood lactate, pyruvate and some immunological parameters were studied. The results indicated that both iron and copper deficient diets induced decreases in pyruvate concentration in the blood but three were increases in lactate concentration and lactate pyruvate ratio the high dietary level of iron or copper caused insignificant changes in these parameters. Also, both iron and copper deficient diets resulted in decreases in the percent of macrophages stained by acridine orange stain and antibody titer against SRBCs. The opposite effects resulted from the high dietary levels of the tow metals

Evaluation of some physiological and biochemical parameters in response to low or high dietary levels of iron or copper in rats

This work aimed to determine the effect of three dietary levels of Iron or copper [low adequate or high] on some physiological and biochemical parameters. Growth depression and decreases in liver, kidney and spleen weights as well as ecreases in total plasma protein and blood glucose levels were caused by the iron deficient diet and explained by the observed decreases in haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit value and erythrocyte count resulting in inadequate oxygenation tissues. This leads to caloric deprivation, i. e., energy restriction. Iron deficient diet resulted in decreases in iron an zinc concentrations among blood, level, kidney and spleen while increasing the dietary level of this metal induced the opposite effect low dietary level of copper induced growth retardation, and decreases in haemoglobin content haematocrit value, erythrocyte count and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration [MCHC]. Also, the copper and zinc concentrations decreased in various tissues. The high dietary level of this metal induced the opposite effect

use of Rehydran to prevent acute toxicity of lithium carbonate in rabbits

This paper is concerned with the clinical observations on rabbits exposed to a lethal dose of lithium carbonate with or without the treatment of Rehydran solution. Oral administration of lithium alone resulted in significant increases in the blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid and induced the appearance of proteinuria. It also caused hypernatremia and hypercalcemia. Decreases in blood glucose level and hypokalemia were also detected in lithium treated rabbits. The co-administration of this lethal dose and Rehydran prevented all the previous disturbances and enhanced the urinary excretion of lithium

Toxicity of chloroform administered to rats at a sublethal dose

This study was undertaken to determine some physiological, haematological and biochemical toxic effects of chlorofom in an animal model. Chloroform administered at a sublethal dose resulted in recognizable disturbances in serum alanine aminotransferase and lactic dehydrogenase activities, blood glucose and cholesterol levels, haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit value, erythrocyte count as well as Ca[2]+ and Fe[2]+ concentrations in whole blood and liver