Early childhood traffic-related air pollution and risk of allergic rhinitis at 2-4 years of age modification by family stress and male gender: a case-control study in Shenyang, China

BACKGROUND@#Few studies have explored the modifications by family stress and male gender in the relationship between early exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) and allergic rhinitis (AR) risk in preschool children.@*METHODS@#We conducted a case-control study of 388 children aged 2-4 years in Shenyang, China. These children AR were diagnosed by clinicians. By using measured concentrations from monitoring stations, we estimated the exposures of particulate matter less than 10 μm in diameter (PM@*RESULTS@#The prevalence of AR in children aged 2-4 years (6.4%) was related to early TRAP exposure. With an IQR (20 μg/m@*CONCLUSIONS@#Family stress and male gender may increase the risk of AR in preschool children with early exposure to PM

Application of Transnasal Endoscopic Combined Image-guided System in Repair of Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea / 中国医科大学学报

Objective To discuss the clinical value of image navigation technique in nasal endoscopic repair of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea. Methods Retrospectively analyse the clinical data of 10 cases with cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea who underwent nasal endoscopic repair who were admitted to hospital from March 2014 to June 2017 and discussing the diagnosis of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea, preoperative and intraoperative leakage location,repair effect,complications and other indicators. Results All cases were cured by one treatment under imaging-guided transnasal endoscopic repair without any complication and recurrence during the 0. 5 to 40 months of follow-up visits. Conclusion Image-guided system application is essential in the endoscopic repairment of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea by exactly locating the rhinorrhea.

Expression and Clinical Significance of Minichromosome Maintenance Protein 7 in Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma / 中国医科大学学报

Objective To investigate the expression of minichromosome maintenance protein 7 (MCM7) in sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC),and evaluate its relationship with tumor differentiation and prognosis of patients.Methods Using immunohistochemistry,MCM7 expression in SNSCC and nasal polyps with chronic sinusitis (NPCRS) were studied,and relationships between markers and clinicapathological features were analyzed.Results In NPCRS,MCM7 positive cells were mainly distributed in the epithelial basal layer and the expression rate was low,whereas in SNSCC,MCM7 positive cells were diffuse and the expression rate was high.MCM7 expression was significantly higher in SNSCC than in NPCRS (P ＜ 0.001) and related to tumor differentiation (P =0.001),increasing gradually with decreasing degree of differentiation.The overall 3-and 5-year survival rates of patients with SNSCC were 61.3％ and 46％,respectively.The 3-year survival rates for patients with stage Ⅰ and Ⅳ were 90％ and 25.6％,respectively,and the 5-year survival rates were 70％ and 17.1％,respectively;the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.001).The 3-and 5-year survival rates of MCM7-negative patients were 36.0％ and 18.0％,respectively,and those of MCM7-positive patients were 59.9％ and 34.2％,respectively;the difference was not statistically significant (P =0.297).Conclusion In SNSCC,MCM7 expression is significantly increased,inversely associated with the degree of tumor differeutiation,and unrelated to the survival rates of patients.

Observation on Effect of Double Silicone Balloon Catheter for Nasal Packing after Endoscopic Sinus Surgery / 中国医科大学学报

Objective To explore the effect of double silicone balloon catheter used as nasal packing materials after functional endoscopic sinus sur?gery(FESS). Methods Totally 80 patients(47 males and 33 females,median age of 43 years)with bilateral chronic sinusitis who underwent en?doscopic surgery under general anesthesia were randomly divided into two groups,each group with 40 patients. The hemostatic sponge group used he?mostatic sponge for postoperative nasal packing and the hemostatic catheter group used double silicone balloon catheter plus medical sponge. Patients were observed for postoperative pain,ventilation and bleeding after packing removal to evaluate efficacy. Results Double silicone balloon catheter was superior to hemostatic sponge in ventilation maintenance(mean scores:78.8 vs 2.32)and pain relief(mean scores:0 vs 5.26),the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Moreover,double silicone balloon catheter was also superior to hemostatic sponge regarding to nasal bleeding after packing removal. Conclusion Double silicone balloon catheter is a preferable material for nasal packing after endoscopic surgery,which has reliable hemostatic effect and can better maintain the nasal ventilation,reduce pain in patients,and improve the patient's quality of life during treat?ment.

Expression and clinical significance of MMP9 in sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#We detected expression of MMP9 to discuss its role in the occurrence and development of sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma.@*METHOD@#The immunohistochemical staining, real-time PCR and Western blot were used to measure the expression of MMP9 in sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma tissues (Experimental group) and corresponding normal mucosa tissues (Control group). Relationship between MMP9 and the main clinical features of patients with sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma was analysed.@*RESULT@#Positive expression rates of MMP9 in sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma tissues and corresponding normal mucosa tissues were 81. 25% and 18. 52% respectively. Positive expression rate of MMP9 was not significantly correlated with patient's age and gender (P>0. 05), but correlated with pathological type (P<0. 05). The expression of MMP9 mRNA in sinonasal squamous carcinoma tissues was 30. 66 times of tissues adjacent to carcinoma (P<0. 05). Western blot analysis also showed that the expression of MMP9 protein in squamous carcinoma tissues was significantly higher than tissues adjacent to carcinoma (P<. 05).@*CONCLUSION@#The expression of MMP9 was significantly higher in the sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma and correlated with the degree of differentiation. The results suggest that MMP9 may play a role in the occurrence and development of sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma and degree of malignancy from the protein and cellular and molecular level. The higher degree of malignancy, the stronger expression.

Clinical observation of eucalyptol-limonene-pinene enteric soft capsule in chronic sinusitis during perioperative period / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To observe the application effect of the eucalyptol-limonene-pinene enteric soft capsule in chronic sinusitis during perioperative period.Methods Analyzed 576 cases of nasal endoscopic surgery for chronic sinusitis patients.According to diagnostic criteria (Haikou in 1997),patients with type Ⅰ (without nasal polyps) had 318 cases (group A),patients with type Ⅱ and Ⅲ (with nasal polyps) had 258 cases (group B).Then patients in each group were respectively numbered by hospitalized order.According to the single and double number,they were divided into two groups:treatment group A (159cases) and control group A (159 cases),treatment group B (129 cases) and control group B (129 cases).Patients in the treatment group A and B were treated with the eucalyptol-limonene-pinene enteric soft capsule before operation.Patients in the control group A and B were not taking any mucus cilium scavenger before operation.The follow-up was lasted for 1 year for four groups.Subjective symptoms were assessed by visual analog scale (VAS) score.The changes and outcomes of nasal mucosa were evaluated objectively by LundKennedy endoscopic mucosal morphology score.Then the results were analyzed statistically.Results VAS score:compared treatment group A with control group A,score differences were statistically significant in 4,12 and 24 weeks after operation [(9.56 ± 5.23) scores vs.(16.21 ± 5.78) scores,(6.24 ± 4.05) scores vs.(10.36 ±4.77) scores,(5.08 ± 3.35) scores vs.(6.23 ±4.10) scores](P＜ 0.05),but it was no significant difference in 48 weeks after operation (P ＞ 0.05) ; compared treatment group B with control group B,score differences were statistically significant in 4,12 and 24 weeks after operation [(13.34 ± 6.28) scores vs.(17.62 ±5.98) scores,(8.08 ±5.56) scores vs.(12.59 ±5.70) scores,(6.12 ±4.80) scores vs.(8.79 ± 5.04) scores](P＜ 0.05),but it was no significant difference in 48 weeks after operation (P＞ 0.05).LundKennedy endoscopic mucosal morphology score:the differences between treatment group A and control group A in 4 and 12 weeks after operation were statistically significant [(3.44 ± 1.96) scores vs.(5.82 ± 1.74)scores,(3.03 ± 1.87) scores vs.(5.08 ± 1.96) scores] (P ＜ 0.05),but no statistical significance in 24 and 48 weeks after operation (P ＞ 0.05) ; compared treatment group B with control group B,the scores in 4,12 and 24 weeks after operation were significantly different[(6.15 ± 1.99) scores vs.(7.52 ± 2.04) scores,(4.80 ± 2.12) scores vs.(6.92 ± 1.57) scores,(2.53 ± 2.32) scores vs.(4.12 ± 1.72) scores] (P ＜ 0.05),but no obvious difference in 48 weeks after operation (P ＞ 0.05).The cure rate of treatment group A was 98.11％ (156/159),control group A was 87.42％ (139/159),treatment group B was 94.57％ (122/129) and control group B was 79.84％ (103/129),there was significant difference on cure rate between treatment group and control group (P＜ 0.05).The mucosal healing's time in treatment group A and B were significantly shorter than those in control group A and B [(9.62 ± 1.12) weeks vs.(12.35 ± 2.46) weeks,(13.37 ± 1.84) weeks vs.(17.28 ± 3.83) weeks] (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions These indicated that the dry scab in surgical cavity of patients with mucus cilium scavenger was less and easy to clean,and postoperative recovery time of patients was short.So the mucus cilium scavenger can obviously improve the secretion of mucosa and epithelial recovery,thus accelerate healing of the disease.It can also improve the success rate of functional endoscope sinus surgery,and may play a promising role in clinical application.

Maxillary ameloblastic fibroma: a case report / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Ameloblastic fibroma (AF) is a benign tumor, it is a true mixed tumor composed of neoplastic epithelium and mesenchymal. This tumor is rare, and it almost arises in the mandible. A 22-years old female patient referred AF in the maxillary was present. The tumor was asymptomatic, except the right facial bulge. The radiograph showed a well-circumscribed neoplasm with several low density cysts involving the right maxillary and ethmoid. The lesion was enucleated and the material was sent for histopathologic examination. Microscopically, it was composed epithelium and mesenchymal with histopathological diagnosis of ameloblastic fibroma.

The study on the relationship between human papillomavirus infection and pathogenesis of nasal inverted papilloma and its malignant transformation / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the relationship between human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and pathogenesis of nasal inverted papilloma (NIP) and its malignant transformation.@*METHOD@#Fifty-seven cases of NIP were divided into 2 groups: benign group, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) arising in NIP group (malignancy group). HPV-DNA types of 6, 11, 16, 18 were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 57 cases of NIP. Thirty cases of nasal polyps were control.@*RESULT@#Total positive rate of HPV in NIP was 64.9% (37/57). The positive rate of benign group was 60% (27/45), all with single and low risk HPV11 type infection. The positive rate of malignancy group were was 83.3% (10/12), and the majority were HPV16 and HPV18. Five cases had double infection (4 with HPV16 and HPV 18, 1 with HPV11 and HPV18), four had single HPV16 infection, another one had single HPV11 infection. However, HPV-DNA was not detected in any cases of nasal polyps.@*CONCLUSION@#Infection of HPV-DNA has an important effect in pathogenesis of NIP. Meanwhile, there maybe a close relationship between high risk HPV16 type and HPV18 type and malignant transformation of NIP.

Prevention of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury during operation in benige thyroid neoplasms / 中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科

OBJECTIVE To investigate the reasons and preventive measures of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury during operation in patients with benign thyroid neoplasm. METHODS The clinical data of 2243 cases with benign thyroid neoplasm were reviewed. The relations among different neoplasm regions, different procedures and injury of recurrent laryngeal nerve were analyzed. RESULTS Injury incidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve in this study was 3.0 %. In cases with nodular goiter on the dorsum of thyroid and recurrent laryngeal nerve exposed during operation, injury incidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve was 1.0 %. And there was no recurrent laryngeal nerve injury in cases with nodular goiter on other region of the thyroid. In cases used locality protection during operation, injury incidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve was 7.6 % when benign lesions on the dorsum of thyroid and was 0.17 % when benign lesions on other region of the thyroid. CONCLUSION In cases with nodular goiter or adenoma on the dorsum of thyroid, exposing recurrent laryngeal nerve is necessary during operation and in cases with benign lesions on other region of thyroid, locality protection is useful. There are three major routes for recurrent laryngeal nerve exposure.