RESUMO
Background: a move towards integrated curriculum questions the desirability and application of image sensitive disciplines like histology. It calls for redefining the role of drawing in learning
Objective: to determine the effect of drawing microscopic images on retention of knowledge of histology
Study design, settings and duration: the quasi experimental study was conducted at the histology laboratory of Anatomy department, Shifa College of Medicine [SCM], Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, lasting from January 2017 to September 2017
Subjects and Methods: the second year MBBS students were selected by purposive sampling technique. The study was conducted during an eight week duration module of endocrine and reproductive system. The class of 100 students was divided into group A and group B, comprising of 50 students each. During the first four weeks, students in group A were required to draw the histological image. The students in group B did not draw the microscopic image. During the next four weeks, the two groups were flipped over by a cross-over design. The group A became the no drawing group and group B became the drawing group. The MCQ test was taken at the end of four and eight weeks respectively
Results: the students scored better when they drew the images compared to when they did not draw. The results are statistically significant [p <0.05]
Conclusion: drawing is an effective teaching strategy for knowledge retention
RESUMO
To assess number, type and diameter of accessory foramen transversarium [AFT] in the cervical spine. Descriptive observational study. This study was conducted at Anatomy department, Sheikh Zayed Medical College, Rahim Yar Khan and Wah Medical College, Wah Cantt., district Rawalpindi. Duration of this study was two years. The study included 45 sets of cervical spine [315 human cervical vertebrae]. Direct measurements were taken with vernier calipers sensitive to 0.01 mm. The data were collected on a designed collection sheet. Number, type and diameter of AFT were assessed, recorded and analysed. Out of 315 human cervical vertebrae, the numbers of AFTs were mostly observed in the lower cervical vertebrae; C4, C5 and C6 showed AFTs present as 13.33%, 35.55% and 51.11%. AFTs were 33 on right side and 46 on left side. AFT type I was the most common present in 52 vertebrae [16.50%]. The mean AFT diameter on right side was 2.13 +/- 0.53 mm and on left side it was 2.29 +/- 0.73 mm. The incidence of AFT was higher in our population and AFTs were more in the lower cervical vertebrae. Studying the number, type and diameter of AFTs is of clinical significance in understanding the possible neurovascular variation and their course. Such variations should always be suspected when examining transverse processes having an unusual pattern of foramina transversaria
RESUMO
To assess number, type and diameter of accessory foramen transversarium [AFT] in the cervical spine. Descriptive observational study. Anatomy department, Sheikh Zayed Medical College, Rahim Yar Khan and Wah Medical College, Wah Cantt., district Rawalpindi. Duration of this study was two years. The study included 45 sets of cervical spine [315 human cervical vertebrae]. Direct measurements were taken with vernier calipers sensitive to 0.01 mm. Number, type and diameter of AFTs were assessed, recorded and analysed. Most of the AFTs were observed in the lower cervical vertebrae; C4, C5 and C6 showed AFTs present as 13.33%, 35.55% and 51.11%. AFTs were 33 on right side and 46 on left side. AFT type I was the most common present in 52 vertebrae [16.50%]. The mean AFT diameter on right side was 2.13 +/- 0.53 mm and on left side it was 2.29 +/- 0.73 mm. The incidence of AFT was higher in our population and AFTs were more in the lower cervical vertebrae. Studying the number, type and diameter of AFTs is of clinical significance in understanding the possible neurovascular variation and their course. Such variations should always be suspected when examining transverse processes having an unusual pattern of foramina transversaria