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Background@#Heart failure is an important chronic and progressive disease worldwide. Patients are faced with several stressors that decrease their quality of life (QoL). The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of implementing a continuous care model on improving the QoL of patients with heart failure. @*Methods@#In the present randomized controlled trial, 72 patients with heart failure admitted to Shahid Chamran Hospital of Isfahan (in Central Iran) were randomly divided into 36-individual two groups: the experimental (continuous care model) and control (normal care) groups. In the experimental group, the continuous care model was implemented for 3 months. Data were collected using the standard Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire for patients with heart failure. Subsequently, the collected data were entered into the IBM SPSS ver. 20.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) and analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U-test, chi-square test, and independent and paired t-test at a significance level of α≤0.05. @*Results@#The results indicated that the mean scores of QoL before the implementation of continuous care model were 43.3±6.1 in the experimental group and 42.7±5.1 in the control group, indicating no statistically significant difference between the two groups. After the implementation of continuous care model, the mean score of QoL of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group. @*Conclusion@#Considering the results obtained in the present study, model implementation could improve the overall scores of QoL in patients with chronic heart failure.
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Background@#Heart failure is an important chronic and progressive disease worldwide. Patients are faced with several stressors that decrease their quality of life (QoL). The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of implementing a continuous care model on improving the QoL of patients with heart failure. @*Methods@#In the present randomized controlled trial, 72 patients with heart failure admitted to Shahid Chamran Hospital of Isfahan (in Central Iran) were randomly divided into 36-individual two groups: the experimental (continuous care model) and control (normal care) groups. In the experimental group, the continuous care model was implemented for 3 months. Data were collected using the standard Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire for patients with heart failure. Subsequently, the collected data were entered into the IBM SPSS ver. 20.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) and analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U-test, chi-square test, and independent and paired t-test at a significance level of α≤0.05. @*Results@#The results indicated that the mean scores of QoL before the implementation of continuous care model were 43.3±6.1 in the experimental group and 42.7±5.1 in the control group, indicating no statistically significant difference between the two groups. After the implementation of continuous care model, the mean score of QoL of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group. @*Conclusion@#Considering the results obtained in the present study, model implementation could improve the overall scores of QoL in patients with chronic heart failure.
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Coronary artery disease (CAD) is among the main causes of death in adults. Increase of oxidative stress and defects in antioxidant defense play a major role in endothelium performance and are affecting factors in the progress of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to measure serum levels of uric acid (UA) and vitamin C as well as the antioxidant status in patients with CAD, and compared them with those in healthy individuals. The present case-control study was performed on 44 cases and 44 controls. Demographic data and anthropometric indices were measured. The Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) were completed. After 12 hours of fasting,10 mL blood was sampled from the participants. Serum levels of UA, vitamin C, Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) were also measured. The data were finally analyzed by SPSS v22. A significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of UA and vitamin C. However, mean levels of MDA and TAC were not significantly different between groups. The differences between groups in terms of vitamin A, vitamin E, beta-carotene, zinc and selenium intakes were not significant either. A significant difference was detected between the groups in terms of vitamin C intake. Our results suggest that increase in UA and decrease in vitamin C in serum levels can be considered as risk factors for CAD patients. Due to a lack of any significant correlation between TAC and CAD risk in this study, further study with bigger sample size is needed.
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Coronary artery disease (CAD) is among the main causes of death in adults. Increase of oxidative stress and defects in antioxidant defense play a major role in endothelium performance and are affecting factors in the progress of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to measure serum levels of uric acid (UA) and vitamin C as well as the antioxidant status in patients with CAD, and compared them with those in healthy individuals. The present case-control study was performed on 44 cases and 44 controls. Demographic data and anthropometric indices were measured. The Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) were completed. After 12 hours of fasting,10 mL blood was sampled from the participants. Serum levels of UA, vitamin C, Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) were also measured. The data were finally analyzed by SPSS v22. A significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of UA and vitamin C. However, mean levels of MDA and TAC were not significantly different between groups. The differences between groups in terms of vitamin A, vitamin E, beta-carotene, zinc and selenium intakes were not significant either. A significant difference was detected between the groups in terms of vitamin C intake. Our results suggest that increase in UA and decrease in vitamin C in serum levels can be considered as risk factors for CAD patients. Due to a lack of any significant correlation between TAC and CAD risk in this study, further study with bigger sample size is needed.
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Objectives: We sought to assess the impact of educational intervention on female junior high school students' perceived susceptibility and self-efficacy regarding oral and dental health
Methods: We recruited 100 female junior high school students [50 in intervention and 50 in control group] from Falavarjan city using multistage random sampling. A self-administered questionnaire was used to gather data about study variables. Students in the intervention group attended five 90-minute sessions designed to teach the students about dental hygiene
Results: We found no significant difference between the two groups with respect to the preintervention mean scores of knowledge, perceived susceptibility, and self-efficacy [p > 0.050]. The postintervention mean scores in the intervention group were significantly higher than those in the control group [p < 0.050]
Conclusions: Training plans with particular behavioral goals and good instructional strategies can be useful in empowering students toward dental health
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Objectives: Overweight and obesity are regarded as one of the most serious health and nutrition issues worldwide. This is immediately recognizable in both children and adolescents. In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of tailored education on lifestyle modification in elementary school students in Isfahan
Methods: In a quasi-experimental study, two elementary schools in Isfahan District 3, Iran, were randomly selected to determine the intervention and comparison groups. Subsequently, 32 students from each school, 64 in total, were chosen arbitrarily and included in the study. They filled out the standardized questionnaire of physical activity and dietary behaviors before the intervention. Following one and four months' educational intervention, they were asked to complete the questionnaires once more
Results: The average general lifestyle score, one and four months after education, was significantly different between the groups [p < 0.001]. However, this difference was not significant before the intervention [p = 0.660]. Furthermore, the average lifestyle scores related to nutrition and physical activity one and four months after education showed a significant difference between the groups [p < 0.001]
Conclusions: Providing overweight elementary school students with education about a healthy lifestyle improves their general lifestyle and reduces weight. Therefore, it is recommended that such interventions are applied to prevent complications associated with being overweight in children
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Background and purpose: According to investigations, not considering the side effects of anxiety on a fetus, baby and pregnancy outcomes, as a result of lack of proper training and adequate information in terms of pregnancy common cares, pregnant women hypothesize anxiety as a common sense that will be improved spontaneously. So present study was aimed at evaluating effectiveness of education on anxiety among primiparous women based on Health Belief Model [HBM].
Materials and Methods: An experimental [interventional] study matched with two randomized group. using pre-test and post-test on the 88 eligible primiparous women[n = 44 per group] was performed. Data were gathered by using a researcher made questionnaire that its validity and reliability were confirmed. Education was conducted in three sessions [1hour for each one] tailored with HBM constructs, using lectures, group discussions, inquiries, PowerPoints and booklets. Evaluation was included implementing post-test, 4 and 8 weeks after last education session. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS [ver.20] software, using fallowing methods: statistical test including Chi-square, Independent T-test and repeated measure one way analysis of variance [ANOVA], significant level was taken less than 0.05.
Results: The achieved results indicate that the averages of age, education, job status and income were not significantly different for both groups [p>0.05].In our study, the mean scores of knowledge, perceived sensitivity, perceived severity, perceived benefits and barriers, cues to action, self-efficacy and individuals performance, 4 weeks after intervention [p<0.001] and 8 weeks after intervention [p<0.001] had significantly more magnitudes in case group compared to control group. After intervention, repeated measure Anova also showed a significant increase in case group regarding knowledge [from 32.1 to 89.1], perceived sensitivity [from 34.8 to 91.5], perceived severity [from 31.82 to 88.48], perceived benefits [from 39.28 to 92.41], perceived barriers [from 26.93 to 88.61], cues to action [from 24.65 to 92.03], self-efficacy [from 29.71 to 88.75] and person performance [from 28.83 to 94.63] in significant level of p<0.001. While, there was not observed significant change in control group [p<0.05].
Conclusion: According to achieved results which indicate meaningful effects of education on increasing the knowledge of pregnancy and common cares, changing people beliefs and performances in terms of pregnancy anxiety based on HBM and also considering the fact that increasing mother and babies health level leads to higher health level for families and societies, it is expected that health planners and authorities must show more respect to this issues,
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Disorders in immune system regulation may result in pregnancy abnormalities such as recurrent spontaneous abortion [RSA]. This study aims to determine the ratio of regulatory T [Treg] and T helper [Th] 17 cells in unexplained RSA [URSA] women during proliferative and secretory phases of their menstrual cycles compared to healthy non-pregnant women. In this case control study, 25 women with URSA and 35 healthy, non-pregnant women were enrolled. The percentage of Th17 and Treg cells in participants peripheral blood were determined by flow cytometry. The percentage of Th17 cells and their related cytokines in serum [IL-17A] were higher in the proliferative and secretory phases of the menstrual cycles of URSA women compared to the control women. However, a lower percentage of Treg cells and their related cytokines in serum, transforming growth factor [TGF] beta1 and interleukin [IL]-10 were detected in the proliferative but not the secretory phase of the URSA group. The ratio of Th17/CD4+ Treg was higher in the URSA group than the control group. We observed an increased ratio of Th17/CD4+ Treg during the proliferative and secretory phases in URSA women. The imbalance between Th17 and Treg cells during the proliferative phase of menstrual cycles in the URSA group may be considered a cause for spontaneous abortion
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Humanos , Feminino , Linfócitos T Reguladores/metabolismo , Fatores de Crescimento Transformadores , Linfócitos T Auxiliares-Indutores/metabolismo , Linfócitos T Auxiliares-Indutores/patologia , Linfócitos T Reguladores/patologia , Interleucina-17 , Ciclo Menstrual/imunologia , Estudos de Casos e ControlesRESUMO
Nowadays, there has been a growing trend of caesarean sections in Iran. One reason would be the mother's desire. Increased maternal self-efficacy can be an important step to reduce percentage of cesarean. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of training-based strategies to increase the self-efficacy for choosing delivery method among pregnant women in Shahrekord city. This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 130 pregnant women who attended urban health centers in Shahrekord city in 2013. Intervention was applied in the experimental group in three sessions in about 60-90 min while control group did not receive any intervention. Fear of childbirth and self-efficacy questionnaire was completed before and after training. While mean scores of the fear of childbirth, expectations and childbirth self-efficacy before the intervention between the two groups were not significantly different [P > 0.05], mean scores of childbirth in intervention group was reduced and expectation and childbirth self-efficacy had a significant increase after intervention [P < 0.05]. In this study, 71.4% of mothers in intervention group and 53.8% of control mothers naturally delivered their children. Most of intervention group mothers desired to deliver through cesarean and had more fear [P < 0.001] but lower childbirth expectation [P> 0.05] and self-efficacy [P < 0.001] than those who chose normal method. Our findings showed that training-based self-efficacy procedure has been effective in encouraging mothers to choose natural childbirth. Therefore, the design and implementation of curriculum-based strategies for increasing self-efficacy is suggested for pregnant women
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Humanos , Feminino , Autoeficácia , Cesárea , Gravidez , Inquéritos e Questionários , Educação em SaúdeRESUMO
Drinking water quality can be deteriorated by microbial and toxic chemicals during transport, storage and handling before using by the consumer. This study was conducted to evaluate the microbial and physicochemical quality of drinking water from bottled water coolers. A total of 64 water samples, over a 5-month period in 2012-2013, were collected from free standing bottled water coolers and water taps in Isfahan. Water samples were analyzed for heterotrophic plate count [HPC], temperature, pH, residual chlorine, turbidity, electrical conductivity [EC] and total organic carbon [TOC]. Identification of predominant bacteria was also performed by sequence analysis of 16S rDNA. The mean HPC of water coolers was determined at 38864 CFU/ml which exceeded the acceptable level for drinking water in 62% of analyzed samples. The HPC from the water coolers was also found to be significantly [P < 0.05] higher than that of the tap waters. The statistical analysis showed no significant difference between the values of pH, EC, turbidity and TOC in water coolers and tap waters. According to sequence analysis eleven species of bacteria were identified. A high HPC is indicative of microbial water quality deterioration in water coolers. The presence of some opportunistic pathogens in water coolers, furthermore, is a concern from a public health point of view. The results highlight the importance of a periodic disinfection procedure and monitoring system for water coolers in order to keep the level of microbial contamination under control
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Nutrition in childhood has a significant role in current and adulthood health. Recent studies have shown that the mother's life-style has an important role in the methods used by mother to feed child, child's diet and body mass index [BMI]. This study paper aimed to investigate the association between mother's weight efficacy life-style [WEL] with feeding practices and diet in children aged 3-6 years. In this cross-sectional study, which was carried out in 18 Primary Schools of Rasht [Iran] in 2012, 165 mothers with children aged 3-6 years were participated. Mothers reported their own and their child's demographics. Aspects of mother's WEL and mother's control practices were assessed using WEL questionnaire and Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire respectively. Height and weight of mothers participated in the study were measured. Child's dietary intake was measured using Food Frequency Questionnaire [FFQ]. The role of mother's weight efficacy in predicting child's feeding practices and child's diet was assessed using the linear regression. Statistical significance for all P values was set at 0.003. The results were showed that mother's weight efficacy was related to child feeding practices and child's dietary intake. The mothers with similar WEL applied similar methods in child nutrition. Mothers with better weight efficacy used more encourage balance and variety [beta = 1.860], environmental control [beta = 0.437], child involvement [beta = 0.203] and less emotion regulation using foods [beta = -0.213] and their children eat fewer snacks [beta = -0.318] [P[v] = 0.003]. The result of this study showed that maternal life-style was associated with feeding practices and child's intake. There was no significant relation between the maternal self-efficacy and child BMI
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Background: Human exposure to antibiotic resistant bacteria [ARB] is a public health concern which could occur in a number of ways. Wastewaters seem to play an important role in the dissemination of bacteria and antibiotic resistant genes [ARGs] in our environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of three groups of ARB and their resistance genes in hospital and municipal wastewaters [MWs] as possible sources
Methods: A total of 66 samples were collected from raw MWs and hospital wastewaters [HWs] and final effluents of related wastewater treatment plants [WWTPs]. Samples were analyzed for the detection of three groups of ARB including gentamicin [GM], chloramphenicol [CHL] and ceftazidime resistant bacteria and their ARGs [aac [3]-1, cmlA1 and ctx-m-32, respectively]
Results: The mean concentration of GM, CHL and ceftazidime resistant bacteria in raw wastewater samples was 1.24 × 10[7], 3.29 × 10[7] and 5.54 × 10[7] colony forming unit/100 ml, respectively. There is a variation in prevalence of different groups of ARB in MWs and HWs. All WWTPs decreased the concentration of ARB. However, high concentration of ARB was found in the final effluent of WWTPs. Similar to ARB, different groups of ARGs were found frequently in both MWs and HWs. All genes also detected with a relative high frequency in effluent samples of MWs WWTPs
Conclusions: Discharge of final effluent from conventional WWTPs is a potential route for dissemination of ARB and ARGs into the natural environment and poses a hazard to environmental and public health
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One of the most important duties of manager is to organize and to maintain the organizational system. It means that the organizational commitment and responsibility of staff and employees must increase. In fact, managers of organization are responsible for the amount and type of employee commitment to the values. Organizational commitment is an important variable in understanding towards employees' behavior. The organizational commitment improves and increases services and its quality with effect on employees' performance. This paper aims to study the relationship between organizational commitment with demographic characteristics in staff of Isfahan Emergency Medical and Disaster Management Center. This cross-sectional study was carried out in 2011. The staff of Isfahan Emergency Medical and Disaster Management Center [128] was studied and analyzed by random sampling. By using the administrated questionnaire, data were collected and analyzed by SPSS. The results of the study were as follows: the average score of organizational commitment was about 59/8 and there was a significant relationship between index of employees' organizational commitment and their education; it was an adverse relationship with a weak intensity. This relationship has been observed only in employees' organizational commitment. Also, there has been a significant relationship between the average index of employees' organizational commitment and their employment status. According to the results, the average of contractual employees' commitment was more than other groups [official and etc]. However, the mean difference was observed in both obligatory and continuous commitment. Because of the critical role of emergency medical technicians in ensuring health and saving people' life in disasters, it is essential for managers to improve the employees' organizational commitment by increasing job security, creating positive changes in organizational culture, providing appropriate training and briefing and incentive programs
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Humanos , Auxiliares de Emergência , Emergências , Demografia , Cuidados Críticos , Cultura Organizacional , Motivação , Emprego/organização & administração , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Based on literature, in vitro cholesterol removal of lactic acid bacteria has been accounted for their in vivo cholesterol reduction. But recently, it has been proposed that such in vitro characteristic may not be directly relevant to their in vivo activity. The objective of this study was to find how much in vitro cholesterol reducing potential of Lactobacillus plantarumA7 [LA7], a native strain isolated from an infant fecal flora, reflects its in vivo efficiency. LA7 previously showed serum cholesterol reducing capability in mice subjected to fatty diet. Here, we investigate whether the given strain is capable of in vitro cholesterol assimilation or consumption. LA7 was cultured in whole milk and de-Man-Rogosa- Sharpe [MRS] added with water-soluble cholesterol. Colorimetric method was adopted for cholesterol determination in both cultured media during incubation period. No cholesterol assimilation was detected by growth and incubation of the active culture in either of the medium. Thus, in vivo cholesterol function of LA7 was not caused by cholesterol consumption. A comprehensive review of literature on the related studies also showed that there are other documented studies' evidenced the uncertainty of the direct relation between in vitro and in vivo studies. Cholesterol removal from the cultured media may not be considered as an appropriate integral index for selection of Lactobacillus strains with cholesterol-lowering activity
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Diabetes is one of the spread diseases that if uncontrolled it wills much complication. The need aside regimen diet correct and consumer drug doing exercise activity is third base cure and control diabetes. The purpose of this study is determining knowledge¡ attitude and practice woman by type 2 diabetes about doing walk. This is a cross-sectional study that carried out on 88 women with diabetics in institute Isfahan in years 2007. Data were collection with direct interview by using a researcher making questionnaire and checklist. Rate walking for shopping, exercise walking in leisure time et al on base minute and consider severity [light, intermediate and heavy] determine in a week and test Fasting Blood Sugar [FBS] and hemoglobin glycoside [HbA1c] patient determine by a unit laboratory. Finally data were analyzed by SPSS software and P<0.005 is level significant. Number of patient is 88 person by average 44.5 +/- 4.3 years and weight 69.3 +/- 6.2 [kg]. Rate knowledge 51.1% of patient about correct and effective walking on well-being diabetes is poor, 38/6% intermediate and 10.3% good. Of aspect attitude about walking 54.5% intermediate, 28.4% good and 16.8% poor. 68.2% of patient practice is poor 21.6% intermediate and lonely 10.2% of patient has a good practice. Mean day that patient walking in 2 +/- 1 days and rate minute spend for walking in a week is 96.21 minutes that 78/4% +/- 10/9 this amount is a walking by severity light that don't effect cure disease. Mean rate FBS patient is 181.4 +/- 45.3 mg/dl and hemoglobin glycoside [HbA1c] patient is 9.52% +/- 0/76 percent. There was significant different between knowledge and attitude [P<0.001] and between knowledge about correct walking attitude and practice walking increase. Between FBS and HbA1c by r=58 and P<0.01 different significant. By increase knowledge patient ¡ attitude and practice their about walking better that important to prevention complication disease. Minutes that spend walking by severity intermediate and heavy that effective to expenditure energy and finally low weight and fat and control diabetic increase prepare physical that effective on HbA1c in woman by diabetic in our countries is very low. There for must education program patient for doing walking and other exercise in leisure time for control diabetes
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Family members' characteristics, especially parents personality traits can affect on the behaviors of children. This study was conducted to clarify different dimensions of personality traits in parents of children and adolescents suffering from behavioral disorders and assess its relationship with type of the disorder. This descriptive-analytical study was done in Isfahan city, central part of Iran, in 2009. Samples were 200 children aged 5 to 15 referring to psychiatric outpatient clinics selecting by available sampling method and their behavioral disorders were diagnosed by a psychiatrist. Long form of NEO-PI-R questionnaire was fulfilled by parents. Then data were analyzed using independent t, ANOVA and ANCOVA tests. Children's anxiety disorder was related with parents' angry-hostility, actions, achievement striving, restraint, deliberation traits and total score; children's mood disorder was related with parents' altruism, order, achievement striving and deliberation traits; children's disorganized behavioral disorder was related with parents' positive emotions, fantasy, feelings, achievement striving traits and total score; and children's excretion disorder was related with parents' restraint trait [P<0.05]. Behavioral disorders of children are related to parents' personality traits
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Humanos , Transtornos do Comportamento Infantil , Pais , Criança , Adolescente , Transtornos Mentais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Transtornos de Ansiedade , Transtornos do HumorRESUMO
Introduction: Learning and studying are considered among the most basic processes of every educational system. One of the most essential factor in determining learning behaviours, is metacognitive awareness and perception. This study was performed to determine the relationship between students' metacognitive awareness of reading strategies and their academic status
Methods: In a descriptive correlational study, 191 students were selected through stratified random sampling out of total students of schools of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in 2008-2009 academic years. Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategies Inventory [MARSI] was distributed among study sample. Academic status of students was defined based on their grand point average. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 10 software using Pearson correlation, independent t, and variance analysis tests
Results: The mean and standard deviation of metacognitive awareness score of students was 66.62 +/- 14.8. The mean score of metacognitive awareness showed a significant correlation with students' score of academic status meaning that students with average score higher that 17, had a significantly higher metacognitive awareness. Metacognitive awareness showed no significant relationship with variables of age, gender, and residence place. But, there was a significant relationship with academic level, so as MS students had higher metacognition score compared to that of PhD students
Conclusion: Metacognitive awareness and knowledge may lead to a more effective learning and studying in different courses. Considering the fact that metacognitive awareness and knowledge could be learnt both in family or educational settings in all levels of learners, it is recommended that educational and cultural institutions develop a comprehensive and detailed plan in this regard
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Depression is reported as a side effect of coronary artery bypass graft surgery and is associated with an elevated risk of mortality and morbidity. This study aimed to assess the protection effect of health education on this disease. In this quasi-experimental study conducted in 2007, 54 patients were selected following bypass surgery in the Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center. The patients were randomly assigned into the intervention and control groups. In addition to Cardiac Depression Scale Inventory, the researcher-made questionnaires were employed to evaluate the patients' knowledge, attitude, skills and self-helping behaviors before and after the study. The education planning program contained nine training sessions [60 to 90 minutes each] educational sessions per week. The follow up procedure took 2 months following the program. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS software and t[2], independent-t and Mann-Whitney tests. After presenting educational intervention, the mean score of knowledge, attitude, skills and self-helping behaviors increased significantly [P<0.001]. The mean score of depression showed no significant difference in two groups before education while this dropped significantly in the intervention group after education compared to the control group [P<0.001]. Here, there was a significant difference [P<0.001] in self-judgment, mood, hopelessness and exhaustion dimensions in two groups. The findings of the study revealed that health education program is significantly effective in enhancing preventive behaviors and decreasing depression level in patients recovered from coronary artery bypass surgery
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Humanos , Depressão , Educação em SaúdeRESUMO
Physical activities are as one of the basic element for curing diabetes. Walking can be considered as one of the physical activities, which it doesn't need any special equipments and can be part of daily life of those have diabetes. Therefore, the aim of this research was to examine the effects of walking training on haemoglobin glucosile and fasting blood sugar levels in women with type 2 diabetes. This quasi-experimental interventional study was carried out on 88 women who suffered from type 2 diabetes. The data was collected using a questionnaire including demographic information, performance regarding the appropriate or correct walking and also a checklist about the amount of walking and also levels of fasting blood sugar [FBS] and hemoglobin glycosides [HbA1c] of the patients. The data was collected prior to starting interfering training. Then the interfering training was applied for the intervention group in 4 educational sessions and each one for 60 minutes during one month. Three months following the training. The data and levels of FBS and HbA1c were again collected and measured from the patients. Before training, the intervention and control groups scores of cooest walking performance was less than average and the most part of their walking was a type of light walking [%77.86 and%74.4 in intervention and control groups, respectively]. In addition, the levels of FBS and HbA1c in the patient were higher than the normal levels. Following the intervention, mean of correct walking performance and also the times spent on walking with average and heavy extents were significantly increased in the intervention group as compared with control one [P<0.0001]. Moreover, levels of FBS and HbA1c of the intervention group were significantly reduced as compared with the control group [P<0.0001]. Our findings indicate that walking education is an important method for control of FBS and HbA1c levels in patients with type 2 diabetes
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Humanos , Feminino , Hemoglobinas Glicadas , Glicemia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , MulheresRESUMO
Antisocial, aggressive and delinquent behaviors in adults often begin early in life. Basal cortisol is a valuable biological marker in children with disruptive behavior disorder [DBD]. To investigate the association between biological factor [cortisol] and disruptive behaviors, we studied the effect of family training on salivary cortisol level in children with DBD. Basal salivary cortisol levels were studied in 19 children with DBD, [aged 8 -13 years old] prior and 2 months after the treatment. The disruptive behavior of the child was also assessed by Child Behavior Checklist [CBCL], before and 2 months after treatment. Children with lower basal cortisol level had more sever behavioral problems. Surprisingly, this group had a better response to family therapy. Parental training is an effective method for behavioral modification of children with DBD. Salivary cortisol can be considered as a biological marker for the severity of disruptive behavior and response to therapy