O acesso à prótese dentária na atenção primária no Brasil / Access to dental prosthesis in primary care in Brazil / Acceso a prótesis dental en atención primaria en Brasil

Este artigo tem como objetivo avaliar o acesso à prótese dentária na Atenção Primária em Saúde (APS) no Brasil. É um estudo transversal, em que foram utilizados dados do Programa de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB), segundo e terceiro ciclos, com enfoque em saúde bucal e atendimento à prótese dentária por estado brasileiro. Ao comparar as Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) que fazem instalações de prótese nos dois ciclos de avaliação, foi observada diferença estatisticamente significativa (teste Mann Whitney, p = 0,04), mostrando maior número de instalações no terceiro ciclo. O percentual de UBS que instalavam prótese dentária no segundo ciclo foi de 8,4% e no terceiro ciclo, 14,1%. Ao se avaliar os locais em que os pacientes fizeram a prótese dentária, verifica-se que a maioria fez suas próteses no serviço privado. Conclui-se, então, que a APS não consegue suprir a demanda por prótese dentária.

This cross-sectional study evaluates access to dental prosthesis in Primary Health Care (PHC) in Brazil. Data were obtained from the Access and Quality Improvement Program (PMAQ-AB), second and third cycles, focusing on oral health and dental care provided by the Brazilian State. Comparison of the Basic Health Units (BHU) that perform prosthesis installations in the two evaluation cycles (Mann Whitney test, p = 0.04) revealed a statistically significant difference, showing a greater number of installations in the third cycle. In the second and third cycles 8.4% and 14.1% of UBS, respectively, installed dental prostheses. When evaluating where patients acquired their dental prosthesis, most sought the private service. In conclusion, PHC cannot meet the demand for dental prosthesis.

Este artículo tuvo por objetivo evaluar el acceso a las prótesis dentales en la atención primaria de salud (APS) en Brasil. Se trata de un estudio transversal que utiliza datos del Programa de Mejoramiento del Acceso y Calidad de la Atención Primaria (PMAQ-AB, por sus siglas en portugués), segundo y tercer ciclo, con foco en salud bucal y atención con prótesis dental por estado brasileño. Al comparar las Unidades Básicas de Salud (UBS) que instalan prótesis en los dos ciclos de evaluación, se observó diferencia estadísticamente significativa (prueba de Mann Whitney, p = 0,04), con un mayor número de instalaciones en el tercer ciclo. El 8,4% de las UBS instalaron prótesis dental en el segundo ciclo, y el 14,1% en el tercer ciclo. En cuanto a los locales donde los pacientes hicieron su prótesis dental, la mayoría fue realizada por el servicio privado. Se concluye que la APS no logra satisfacer la demanda de prótesis dentales.

Tendências de Mortalidade por Câncer Bucal no Brasil por Regiões e Principais Fatores de Risco / Trends in Oral Cancer Mortality in Brazil by Region and main Risk Factors / Tendencias de la Mortalidad por Cáncer Bucal en Brasil por Región y Principales Factores de Riesgo

Introdução: O câncer bucal ainda é destacado como preocupante problema de saúde pública. Objetivo: Verificar a tendência de mortalidade por câncer bucal por Região brasileira e fatores de risco, avaliando o intervalo de tempo entre o diagnóstico e o tratamento. Método: Estudo com dados secundários do DATASUS (taxa de mortalidade e tempo para tratamento) e do Vigitel (consumo de álcool e cigarro); análises de séries temporais e correlações entre taxas de mortalidade (2010-2019) e consumo de álcool e cigarro (2010-2019), para idade superior a 40 anos, e análise descritiva do tempo entre diagnóstico e tratamento. Resultados: Houve aumento da tendência de câncer bucal por Regiões e sexo, com predominância para o sexo masculino. A variação percentual anual (VPA) da ingestão de álcool e o uso de cigarro foram considerados estacionários na maioria das Regiões analisadas. Ao correlacionar as variáveis, verificou-se correlação estatisticamente significativa entre taxa de mortalidade (2010-2019) e percentual de consumo de álcool (p=0,011; r=0,957), percentual de consumo de cigarro (p=0,019; r=0,936) e taxa bruta de mortalidade em homens (2019) (p=0,005; r=0,97). Verificou-se que, na maioria dos casos (74%), o tempo para início do tratamento é de mais de 60 dias. Conclusão: Embora o consumo de álcool e o tabagismo sejam fatores de risco para o câncer bucal, o presente estudo concluiu que houve aumento da mortalidade por câncer e os fatores de risco analisados permaneceram estacionários. O início de tratamento foi maior do que 60 dias a partir do diagnóstico. Palavras-chave: neoplasias bucais/mortalidade; tabagismo; consumo de bebida alcoólica; estudos de séries temporais; saúde pública

Introduction: Oral cancer still stands out as a concerning public health issue. Objective: Verify the trend of oral cancer mortality by Brazilian regions and risk factors, evaluating the time interval between diagnosis and treatment. Method: Study with secondary data from DATASUS (mortality rate and time to treatment) and Vigitel (alcohol and cigarette use). Time series analyzes and correlations were performed among mortality rates (2010-2019) and alcohol and cigarette use (2010-2019) for over 40 years of age. Descriptive analysis of the time between diagnosis and treatment was also performed. Results: There was an increase in the tendency to oral cancer by region and sex, with a predominance of males. The annual percentage change (APC) of alcohol intake and cigarette use was considered stationary in most regions analyzed. When correlating the variables, there was a statistically significant correlation for mortality rate (2010-2019) and percentage of alcohol use (p=0.011; r=0.957), percentage of cigarette use (p=0.019; r=0.936) and crude mortality rate in men (2019) (p=0.005; r=0.97). It was found that most cases (74%) take more than 60 days to start treatment. Conclusion: Although alcohol and tobacco use are risk factors for oral cancer, the present study showed an increase in cancer mortality and stationary for the risk factors analyzed. The beginning of the treatment was over 60 days after diagnosis

Introducción: El cáncer oral todavía se destaca como un problema de salud pública preocupante. Objetivo: Verificar la tendencia de la mortalidad por cáncer bucal por región brasileña y factores de riesgo, evaluando el intervalo de tiempo entre el diagnóstico y el tratamiento. Método: Estudio con datos secundarios de DATASUS (tasa de mortalidad y tiempo de tratamiento) y Vigitel (consumo de alcohol y cigarrillos). Se realizaron análisis de series de tiempo y correlaciones entre las tasas de mortalidad (2010-2019) y el consumo de alcohol y cigarrillos (2010-2019) para los mayores de 40 años. También se realizó un análisis descriptivo del tiempo transcurrido entre el diagnóstico y el tratamiento. Resultados: Hubo un incremento en la tendencia al cáncer bucal por región y sexo, con predominio del sexo masculino. El cambio porcentual anual (APV) de la ingesta de alcohol y el consumo de cigarrillos se consideró estacionario en la mayoría de las regiones analizadas. Al correlacionar las variables, hubo una correlación estadísticamente significativa para tasa de mortalidad en hombres (2010- 2019) y porcentaje de consumo de alcohol para hombres (p=0,011; r=0,957), porcentaje de consumo de cigarrillos en hombres (p=0,019; r=0,936) y tasa bruta de mortalidad en hombres (2019) (p=0,005; r=0,97). Se encontró que la mayoría de los casos (74%) demoran más de 60 días en comenzar el tratamiento. Conclusión: Aunque el consumo de alcohol y el tabaquismo son factores de riesgo para el cáncer oral, el presente estudio mostró un aumento en la mortalidad por cáncer y estacionario para los factores de riesgo analizados. Hubo un alto porcentaje de inicio del tratamiento durante 60 días después del diagnóstico

Prevalence of bowel symptoms in patients infected with human T-lymphotropic type 1 virus

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Bowel dysfunction is frequent in patients with spinal cord diseases, but little is known about the prevalence of bowel symptoms in human T-lymphotropic virus-(HTLV-1) infected individuals. The purpose of this study is to determine the frequency of bowel symptoms in HTLV-1 infected individuals and their correlation with the degree of neurologic disease. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study comparing the frequency of bowel symptoms in HTLV-1-infected individuals* and seronegative donors (controls). Patients answered a questionnaire, the Rome III Criteria was applied, and stool consistency was evaluated by the Bristol Stool Form Scale. The individuals were classified as HTLV-1 carriers, probable HTLV-1 myelopathy and definitive HTLV-1 associated myelopathy or tropical spastic paraparesis (definitive HAM / TSP)**. RESULTS: We studied 72 HTLV-1 infected individuals and 72 controls with equal age and gender distribution. Constipation was the most frequent complaint, occurring in 38 % of HTLV-1 individuals and in 15 % of the controls. In comparison to the seronegative controls, the probability of constipation occurrence was approximately 18 times higher in definitive HAM / TSP patients. Straining, lumpy or hard stools, sensation of anorectal obstruction/blockage, fewer than 3 defecations per week, flatulence, soiling, evacuation pain, and bleeding were also more frequent in the HTLV-1 patients than in the controls. Moreover, bowel symptoms were more frequent in patients with definitive or probable HAM / TSP than in carriers. CONCLUSIONS: Bowel symptoms were more frequent in HTLV-1-infected patients than in seronegative controls and the frequency of bowel symptoms correlated with the severity of neurologic disease.

Onabotulinumtoxin type A improves lower urinary tract symptoms and quality of life in patients with human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 associated overactive bladder

ABSTRACT Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of the onabotulinum toxin type A in the treatment of HTLV-1 associated overactive bladder and its impact on quality of life (QoL). Methods: Case series with 10 patients with overactive bladder refractory to conservative treatment with anticholinergic or physical therapy. They received 200Ui of onabotulinumtoxin type A intravesically and were evaluated by overactive bladder symptoms score (OABSS) and King's Health Questionnaire. Results: The mean (SD) of the age was 52 + 14.5 years and 60% were female. All of them had confirmed detrusor overactivity on urodynamic study. Seven patients had HAM/TSP. The median and range of the OABSS was 13 (12-15) before therapy and decreased to 1.0 (0-12) on day 30 and to 03 (0-14) on day 90 (p < 0.0001). There was a significant improvement in 8 of the 9 domains of the King's Health Questionnaire after the intervention. Hematuria, urinary retention and urinary infection were the complications observed in 3 out of 10 patients. The mean time to request retreatment was 465 days. Conclusion: Onabotulinum toxin type A intravesically reduced the OABSS with last long effect and improved the quality of life of HTLV-1 infected patients with severe overactive bladder.

Factors associated with pain in individuals infected by human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)

Abstract Introduction Despite the high prevalence of chronic pain in individuals infected with HTLV-1, predictive and protective factors for its development are still unclear. Objective To identify factors associated with chronic pain in individuals with HTLV-1. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in a reference center for treatment of patients infected with HTLV-1 in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. The study included individuals infected with HTLV-1, over 18 years, and excluded those with difficulty to respond the pain protocol. Data on sociodemographic, health behavior, and clinical characteristics were collected in a standardized way. The prevalence ratio (PR) of pain is described, as well as the factors independently associated with the presence of pain, which were assessed by multiple logistic regression. Results A total of 142 individuals were included in the study, mostly female (62.7%), aged 20–64 years (73.2%), married (61.3%), with less than eight years of education (54.2%), and with a steady income (79.6%). Multivariate analysis showed that being symptomatic for HTLV-1 – sensory manifestations, erectile dysfunction, overactive bladder, and/or HAM/TSP (PR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.38), self-medication (PR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.08–1.53), physiotherapy (PR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.02–1.28), and depression (PR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.01–1.29) were associated with an increased likelihood of presenting pain. On the other hand, physical activity (PR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.67–0.93) and religious practice (PR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.72–0.95) were associated with a decreased likelihood of having pain. Conclusion The use of self-medication, physiotherapy and the presence of depression are independently associated with neurological symptoms in HTLV-1 infected patients. Religious practice and physical activity are both protective for the development of pain.

The use of botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of HTLV-1-associated overactive bladder refractory to conventional therapy

Urinary symptoms occur in 19% of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-infected patients who do not fulfill criteria for HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and in almost 100% of HAM/TSP patients. Few studies have evaluated therapies for overactive bladder (OAB) caused by HTLV-1 infection. This case report describes the effect of onabotulinum toxin A on the urinary manifestations of three patients with HAM/TSP and OAB symptoms. The patients were intravesically administered 200 units of Botox®. Their incontinence episodes improved, and their OAB symptoms scores (OABSS) reduced significantly. These data indicate that Botox® should be a treatment option for OAB associated with HTLV-1 infection.

Association between urinary symptoms and quality of life in HTLV-1 infected subjects without myelopathy

Objective To investigate the relationship between urinary symptoms and quality of life of patients infected with HTLV-1. Materials and Methods This is a cross-sectional study that enrolled individuals with HTLV-1 positive serology from February 2010 to March 2011. Participants were HTLV-1 infected subjects followed in the HTLV-1 clinic of the University Hospital in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. Patients with HTLV-1 associated myelopathy / tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), who had evidence of other neurological diseases, diabetes mellitus or were pregnant were excluded from the study. The questionnaire SF-36 was used to evaluate quality of life and the questionnaire OAB-V8 was used to evaluate urinary symptoms. Results From the 118 individuals evaluated, 50 (42.4%) complained of urinary symptoms and 68 (57.6%) did not. Most participants were females. There was no difference between the groups regarding demographic variables. The group with symptoms showed significantly lower scores in all domains of the SF-36 questionnaire. The domains with greatest differences were vitality and general health state. Conclusions Urinary symptoms negatively influence the quality of life of individuals infected with HTLV-1. .

Correlação entre a incompetência esfincteriana anal e a prática de sexo anal em homossexuais do sexo masculino / Correlation between anal sphincter incompetence and anal sex practice in male homosexual

INTRODUÇÃO: a incontinência anal (IA) é uma disfunção de origem multifatorial com impacto significativo na qualidade de vida do indivíduo. Dentre as diversas etiologias para IA encontra-se a traumática, provocada pela penetração de objetos no canal anal. A inclusão do ânus na atividade sexual, já vem sendo descrita, principalmente entre homossexuais do sexo masculino. A partir desta premissa, questionou-se nesta pesquisa a possibilidade da penetração do pênis no ânus se enquadrar como etiologia traumática da incontinência anal. OBJETIVO: verificar a possível correlação entre a incontinência anal e a prática de sexo anal utilizando variáveis como idade, tempo de prática e a freqüência semanal de sexo anal. Métodos: 100 homossexuais masculinos passivos responderam um questionário elaborado pelas pesquisadoras e um Índice de Incontinência Anal. RESULTADOS: a incontinência anal estava presente em 62 por cento, sendo que a perda de gases foi considerada a mais significativa. Contudo, as correlações propostas não se apresentaram estatisticamente significantes. CONCLUSÃO: a maioria dos homossexuais apresentou algum grau de incontinência anal, provavelmente em decorrência da prática do sexo anal.

INTRODUCTION: the anal incontinence (AI) is a disfunction of multifactorial origin with significant impact in thequality of life of the individual. Amongst the diverse etiologies for AI meets it traumatic, provoked for the object penetration inthe anal canal. The inclusion of the anus in the sexual activity, already comes being described, mainly between homosexuals ofthe masculine sex. From this premise, the possibility of the penetration of the penis in the anus was questioned in this researchif to fit as traumatic etiology of the anal incontinence. OBJECTIVE: to verify the possible correlation between changeable the analincontinence and the practical one of anal sex being used as age, practical time of and the weekly frequency of anal sex. Methods:100 passive masculine homosexuals had answered a questionnaire elaborated for the researchers and an Index of Anal Incontinence. RESULTS: the anal incontinence was present in 62 percent, being that the loss of gases was considered most significant. However, thecorrelations proposals had not been presented statistical significant. CONCLUSION: the majority of the homosexuals presentedsome degree of anal incontinence, probably in result of the practical one of the anal sex.

Relaçäo entre a posiçäo de repouso da língua e a morfologia dentoalveolar / Relation between the resting position of the tongue and the dentoalveolar morphology

O propósito deste trabalho foi verificar a importância da posiçäo de repouso da língua como fator de estabilidade dos tratamentos endodônticos. Procurou-se avaliar a influência da posiçäo de repouso lingual no crescimento dos arcos dentários maxilar e mandibular e, conseqüentemente, ser considerada um fator etiológico no desenvolvimento das maloclusöes