Prevalencia y clasificación de enfermedad renal crónica en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en el centro comunitario de salud familiar Pantanosa, Frutillar / Frequency of chronic kidney disease among ambulatory patients with type 2 diabetes

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the main cause of chronic kidney disease in developed countries. Aim: To study the prevalence of chronic kidney disease among adults with diabetes mellitus attended at a public primary health care clinic in southern Chile. Material and Methods: One hundred patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, aged more than 15 years participated in this cross sectional study. Chronic kidney disease was defined as the presence of a urine albumin/creatinine ratio over 30 mg/g or an estimated glomerular filtration rate of less than 60 mL/min/1,73 m², detected in at least two opportunities, separated at least by three months. Results: Thirty four percent of participants had chronic kidney disease (17% stage 1 or 2 and 17% stage 3). Thirty percent of participants had an abnormal urinary albumin/creatinine ratio. Halfof the patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate below 60 mL/min/1,73 m², had a normal urinary albumin/creatinine ratio. Conclusions: The rates of chronic kidney disease in this group of diabetic patients are very similar to those reported elsewhere.

Anticuerpos antifosfolípidos en nefropatía membranosa idiopática / Antiphospholipid antibodies in idiopathic membranous nephropathy

Background: Antiphospholipid antibodies have been found in the sera from patients with idiopathic and secondary glomerulopathies, mainly related to lupus. No special attention has been devoted to idiopathic membranous nephropathy, a glomerular disease with a high frequency of thrombotic complications, particularly of the renal vein. Aim: To study the presence and significance of antiphospholipid antibodies in idiopathic membranous nephropathy. Material and methods: Anticardiolipin and anti-ß2-glycoprotein-I IgG antibodies were measured in serum samples from 21 patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy (age range 11-75 years, 5 female). The medical records of 20 of these patients were reviewed, looking for vascular complications and nephrological evolution during a follow-up period that ranged from two to 277 months. Results: Five patients had anticardiolipin antibody titers over the cutoff for normal values, and two others were positive for anti-ß2-glycoprotein-I, without cross-reactivity. There was no difference in the incidence of thrombotic complications in the renal vein, or other locations, between these seven patients and the remaining patients. No differences in the clinical course of the nephropathy were detected either. Conclusions: Antiphospholipid antibodies may be found in patients with primary membranous nephropathy. They are not related to thrombosis or a worse evolution.

Anticuerpos anticitoplasmas de neutrófilos y colitis ulcerosa inespecífica / Neutrophil anticytoplasmic antibodies and idiopathic ulcerative colitis

We studied tha presence of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in 16 patients with idiopathic ulcerative colitis, using an indirect immunofluorescence technique and specific ELISA for myeloperoxidase and proteinase 3. Twelve patients had an active disease and in ten, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies were positive, with a predominantly perinuclear distribution and without specificity for myeloperoxidase or proteinase 3. These antiantineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies could be serologic indicators of disease activity in patients with ulcerative colitis

Factor natriurético auricular / Atrial natriuretic factor

Se revisan algunas de las características bioquímicas y fisiológicas de un nuevo sistema hormonal, el Factor Natriurético Auricular, destacando su participación en la regulación de la presión arterial y del balance hidroelectrolítico en condiciones normales y patológicas

Experiencia en trasplante renal / Experience in renal transplantation

Se presenta la experiencia inicial del Programa del Trasplante Renal de la Universidad Austral y Hospital de Valdivia, con una serie de 10 pacientes , 8 hombres y 2 mujeres, con una edad promedio de 24,1 años. En 7 casos el riñón provino de un hermano y en 3 casos de un padre. El trasplante se efectuó según técnica quirúrgica clásica ubicando el injerto en fosa ilíaca derecha. En 2 casos había una arteria polar que se anastomosó a la arteria renal con técnica de microcirugía. El reimplante ureteral se hizo con técnica antireflujo. 7 pacientes hicieron un rechazo que fué tratado con series de Metilprednisolona y en 3 casos se adicionó radioterapia local. La principal complicación fué una necrosis ureteral que se solucionó anastomosando el ureter del donante al del receptor. Complicaciones secundarias fueron una fístula urinaria vesico-cutánea y un hematoma de la fosa ilíaca. Un paciente hizo una enfermedad tubular aguda post-trasplante que se recuperó totalmente. Como complicaciones de la terapia inmunosupresora hemos tenido cataratas, herpes simple y TBC pulmonar. La sobrevida varía entre 3 y 50 meses. Ocho pacientes vivos (uno con rechazo crónico) y dos fallecidos por rechazo crónico