A clinical epidemiological study of 251 cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in the south of Brazil

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and the possible presence of risk factors in order to verify if there is any difference between cases in Paraná, Brazil. METHOD: We studied 251 cases, all of which fulfilled the diagnosis criteria proposed in El Escorial (WFN). Between 1977 and 2004, 157 male and 94 female patients were examined. RESULTS: 220 cases were classified as ALS-Spinal Onset (ALS-SO), 24 as ALS-Bulbar Onset (ALS-BO) and 7 as Familial ALS. The mean age at time of evaluation was 54.4±12.3 years, and symptoms had started 17.9±15.7months previously. In the group studied, statistical relationships were found between heavy occupations and males; previous surgeries and females; ALS-BO and dysphagia and dysarthria in females; and ALS-SO and males, cramps, weakness, muscle atrophy, hypertonia, increased deep tendon reflex and abnormal gait. CONCLUSION: The average age at time of evaluation was lower than that registered in the literature but similar to the Brazilian series. Domestic work and heavy occupations appear to be related to precocious perception of the symptoms by interference with daily functions. The socioeconomically higher classes seek medical care early. There was no relationship with exposure to toxic agents or trauma.

OBJETIVO: Estudar as formas clínicas de esclerose lateral amiotrófica (ELA) e possíveis fatores de risco, a fim de verificar se existem diferenças entre os casos do Paraná, Brasil. MÉTODO: Estudamos 251 casos entre 1977 e 2004, que preencheram os critérios propostos em El Escorial (WFN), sendo 157 do sexo masculino e 94 do feminino. RESULTADOS: Foram classificados como ELA de início espinhal (ELA-IE) 220 casos, ELA de início bulbar (ELA-IB) 24 casos e 7 casos como ELA familiar. A idade média na avaliação foi 54,4±12,3 anos cujos sintomas iniciaram 17,9 ±15,7 meses antes. Foram encontradas relações estatísticas entre ocupação que demandam esforços físicos com homens; cirurgias prévias com mulheres; ELA-IB, disfagia e disartria, mulheres; ELA-IE, homens, câimbras, fraqueza, atrofia muscular, hipertonia, aumento de reflexos profundos e marcha anormal. CONCLUSÃO: A idade média na época da avaliação foi menor que a registrada na literatura, mas similar às séries brasileiras. Trabalhos domésticos e ocupações que demandam esforços físicos estão relacionados com a percepção precoce dos sintomas pelas inferências com as funções diárias. As classes sócio-econômicas melhores situadas procuram atendimento médico mais cedo. Não foram encontradas relações com a exposição a agentes tóxicos e traumatismos.

Hereditary spastic paraplegia associated with thin corpus callosum

Autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia (AR-HSP) associated with thin corpus callosum was recently described in Japan, and most families were linked to chromosome 15q13-15. We report two patients from two different Brazilian families with progressive gait disturbance starting at the second decade of life, spastic paraparesis, and mental deterioration. One patient presented cerebellar ataxia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head of both patients showed a thin corpus callosum. AR-HSP with a thin corpus callosum is a rare disorder, mainly described in Japanese patients. We found only 4 Caucasian families with AR-HSP with thin corpus callosum described in the literature. Further studies including additional Caucasian families of AR-HSP with thin corpus callosum are required to delineate the genetic profile of this syndrome in occidental countries