Correlation between the percentage of epicardial adipose tissue in the pericardium and early cardiac function changes in type 2 diabetic patients without heart failure / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

【Objective】 To explore the correlation between the percentage of epicardial adipose tissue（EAT） and cardiac function in type 2 diabetes mellitus without heart failure. 【Methods】 We recruited diabetic inpatients and random non-diabetic inpatients who underwent CTA examinations in the Imaging Department of The First Affiliated Hospital， Xi’an Jiaotong University， from 2012 to 2014 as the research subjects. Their clinical data， laboratory examinations， echocardiography， and EAT quantification based on cardiac CTA were analyzed retrospectively. The parameters were compared between the two groups. Then the correlation between cardiac function parameters and EAT parameters was analyzed. 【Results】 Compared with those in control group， type 2 diabetic patients without heart failure had lower left ventricular stroke volume （61.41±15.95 vs. 79.41±15.19， P=0.047）， and the percentage of EAT in the pericardium， plasma total cholesterol， and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were all related to it. The correlation coefficients were -0.501， -0.136， and -0.377. The percentage of EAT in the pericardium still had a moderately linear negative correlation with SV when the other factors were under control （r=-0.470， P<0.001）. 【Conclusion】 The percentage of EAT is asseated with early decreased left ventricular SV in patients with type 2 diabetes. It can be used as a sensitive index to quantify cardiac function abnormalities in type 2 diabetes.

The clinical and MR features of intracranial nonspecific inflammatory granuloma / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To analyze the clinical and MR features of intracranial nonspecific inflammatory granuloma and improve the accuracy of preoperative diagnosis.Methods The clinical and MR features of 9 intracranial nonspecific inflammatory granuloma cases proved by histopathology were analyzed retrospectively.Results Nine lesions were all located in the supratentorial cerebral hemisphere with large lesion range and obvious peripheral edema.On enhancement MR imaging,the lesions were obviously and irregularly enhanced.There were simple patchy enhancement in 3 cases,patchy enhancement with multiple micronodular enhancement in 4 cases,and multiple micronodular enhancement in 2 cases.None enhancement areas were noticed in all enhancement lesions.There were superficial meningeal enhancements in 4 cases.On MR plain scanning,the MR enhancement area of lesions showed similar signal to the grey matter on T1 WI and low signal similarly to the white matter on T2 WI.On MRS scan,the significant high signal of Cho was detected in 2 cases and their Cho/Cr ratio was over 4.The Cho/Cr ratio was lower than 1.3 in 5 cases.Conclusion There are some specific MR enhancement features in the intracranial nonspecific inflammatory granuloma including multiple small nodules or patchy enhancement,in which there were no enhancement areas,and some cases have meningeal enhancement.

Clinical and MR features of oligodendroglioma / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To study the MR features and differential diagnosis of oligodendroglioma.Methods Clinical and MR data of 34 pathology-diagnosed oligodendroglioma cases were analyzed retrospectively, which included tumor location,signal,size,enhanced and MRS features.Results 22 cases were diagnosed as WHOⅡoligodendroglioma and 12 cases WHOⅢ anaplastic oligodendroglioma.22 tumors located in the frontal lobes,4 tumors in the temporal lobes, 7 tumors in both frontal and temporal lobes,1 tumor located at the optic chiasma.25 tumors located in the superficial areas of the brain.For anaplastic oligodendrogliomas,tumor necrosis and cystic degenerations were showed in 11 cases,and hemorrhage or calcification in 6 cases.For oligodendroglioma,tumor necrosis and cystic degenerations were showed in 6 cases,hemorrhage in 2 cases,calcification in 8 cases.The average tumor diameter was 35 mm for oligodendroglioma and 58 mm for anaplastic oligodendroglioma.For anaplastic oligodendroglioma,obvious irregular or ring enhancements were showed in 11 cases.For oligodendroglioma, mild enhancement was showed in 6 cases,no enhancement in 6 cases and mild or moderate irregular ring-type enhancements in 4 cases.MRS was performed in 6 anaplastic oligodendrogliomas the Cho/Cr ratio was over 4 in 5 cases.MRS was performed in 12 oligodendrogliomas the Cho/Cr ratio was between 2.3 to 3.3 in 10 cases and below 2 in 2 cases.Conclusion The main MR feature of anaplastic oligodendroglioma is that tumor is located in the frontal lobe and superficial area of the brainwith irregular or ring-type enhancement,and the Cho/Cr ratio over 4.

Application of TMS in quantitative assessment of full term neonatal brain maturation with HIE / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To investigate the applications of total maturation scores (TMS) in assessment of the hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) group and matched group with MRI and to find which patterns of HIE can delay the brain maturation in neonate.Methods MRI were performed on 43 full term neonates (28 HIE newborns and 15 matched controls) who were further divided into three groups,including 37-39 weeks postmenstrualage (PMA) (13 cases),39-41 weeks PMA (16 cases),and 41-44 weeks PMA (14 cases).MRI features and TMS scores were evaluated simulataneously.Results TMS gradually increased with PMA at each stage.While TMS,cortical folding and germinal matrix were all higher in matched group (P＜0.05),myelination and glial cell migration item were lower in HIE group (P＞0.05).Conclusion TMS can reflect brain development in the full term neonates.HIE may delay the brain maturation due to injury of the cortical myelin and neurons.TMS can evaluate the neonatal brain development and injury easily,quantitatively and effectively.

Clinical and MR features of fungal encephalopyosis and granuloma / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical and MR features of fungal encephalopyosis and fungal granuloma.Methods The clinical and MR data of 10 cases with fungal encephalopyosis and fungal granuloma confirmed by surgical pathology or clinical serum were analyzed retrospectively.Then we analyzed the clinical conditions,MR signals,lesion enhancement,DWI and MRS performance characteristics of the 10 cases.Results Six cases were fungal encephalopyosis,among which 2 cases occurred in the sella turcica after surgery which located in and above the sella turcica.2 cases occurred in the frontal lobe after frontal surgery and 1 case of them was multiple encephalopyosis.2 cases of encephalopyosis without operation history were located in the left frontal lobe and right cerebellum respectively.The abscess walls of these cases were thin and showed high tension.Furthermore,it had annular significant signal enhancement and high signal in DWI scan.One case of huge fungal granuloma located in the frontal lobe and into the sinuses which showed uneven signal enhancement. The Cho level was significantly increased.Three cases of cryptococcal granuloma showed multiple lesions located in the bilateral basal ganglia region and 2 out of them accompanied with cephalomeningitis.Conclusion The MR performance of fungal encephalopyosis was quite similar with bacterial brain abscesses,which makes the differential diagnosis difficult.The brain fungal granuloma MRS may display a significant increase of Cho level which might be related with gliosis.It shows certain characteristics of brain MR performance of cryptococcal granuloma which are multiple lesions,preferential distribution of basal ganglia region and accompanying cephalomeningitis.

Assessment of diffusion tensor imaging in renal occupying lesions / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To assess the non-invasive and quantitative value of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)in the diagnosis,differ-ential diagnosis and classification of renal occupying lesions.Methods 30 healthy volunteers and 126 suspected cases with renal space-occupying lesions underwent conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)and DTI scans.A total of 144 lesions were found in 126 patients.DTI was performed in 6 directions with b values of 0 and 500 s/mm2 .Fractional anisotropy (FA)and appar-ent diffusion coefficient(ADC)values were measured.Results With b values at 500 s/mm2 ,FA and ADC values between the nor-mal renal cortex and medulla in renal carcinoma,renal angiomyolipomas,renal cysts were pairwisely compared and there were all statistical difference (P <0.05).Difference of FA and ADC values between clear renal cell carcinoma and non-clear cell carcinoma was also significant (P <0.05).Conclusion FA and ADC values could distinguish benign from malignant renal tumour which may be helpful in the speculation of renal carcinoma pathological types.

Imaging Diagnosis of Large Hepatic and Renal Angiomyolipoma: A Case Report and Literature Review / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To investigate the imaging manifestations and clinical features of hepatic and renal angiomyolipoma. Meth-ods The clinical data and imaging findings of hepatic and renal angiomyolipoma in a 51-year-old woman was retrospectively ana-lyzed with literature review. Results CT scan showed a large polymorphous hypodense mass in the right lobe of liver. After contrast -enhanced CT scan, the mass was enhanced gradually from periphery to ceritre. Bilateral kidneys obviously enlarged and appeared as alveolate appearance mixed density with spotty and stripped fat structures. At contrast-enhanced scan, the normal structures of cor-tex and medulla were disappeared, the alveolate walls were enhanced obviously. The arteries and veins of bilateral kidneys were com-pressed and displaced. Conclusion The imaging features of liver and kidney are of certain characteristic compared with other benign and malignant masses,but the final diagnosis of it is still depending on pathology mostly.

MRI study of the lumbosacral canal fat in normal adults / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of the distribution characteristics and thickness of lumbosacral canal fat in normal adults,and to assess the relevant factors of the fat thickness.Methods Sagittal images of lumbosacral canal fat on MRI T_(1)WI in 260 normal adults were observed.The distribution characters of the fat were studied on mid-sagittal plane.The thickness of anterior and posterior epidural fat and the canal diameter were measured and analyzed.Results The anterior epidural fat showed a barred or crescent shape and segmental distribution,while the posterior epidural fat had a segmental distribution with a spindle shape.The thickness of the epidural fat varied at different levels.The fat thickness showed no statistical difference between men and women or every age group.Positive linear correlation occurred between spinal canal diameter or obesity index and the thickness of posterior epidural fat.Conclusion The distribution characteristics and thickness of the lumbosacral canal epidural fat can be used as index in diagnosing some spinal canal diseases.

Study of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in normal human brain / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

0.05);some ratios in the three parts between the young group and old group showed significant difference(P

~1H-MRS in bilaterlis frontal lobe and hippocampus of patients with first episode major depression after SSRIs antidepressant treatment / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To measure neuro-biochemical changes in brain of first episode major depression (MD) patients. Methods Single-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic (1H-MRS) examination of bilateralis frontal lobe and hippocampus was conducted in 21 first episode major depression patients and 21 age-, sex-and education-matched healthy controls. After this, major depression patients took selectivity serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for three months. Then, we examined the changes in NAA, Cho, Cr, Glx and mI in bilaterlis frontal lobe and hippocampus of patients. Finally, we compared the metabolism of the subjects with that of the controls. Results ① Bilateralis frontal lobe NAA/Cr, right frontal lobe Glx/Cr and left hippocampus NAA/Cr and Glx/Cr were significantly lower in MD patients than in the controls, but right frontal lobe and right hippocampus mI/Cr significantly were higher than those in controls. ② After treatment left frontal lobe and left hippocampus NAA/Cr significantly increased compared with pretherapy. Right frontal lobe mI/Cr significantly decreased. Conclusion Nerve cell activity disorder, abnormal second messenger and glutamicacid and glutamine may be involved in the pathogenesis of MD. Antidepressant can regulate abnormal metabolism and improve nerve cell activity.

MRI Signal Measurement of Hippocampal Formation / 实用放射学杂志

Objective　To define the range of the normal values of MRI signals of hippocampal formation(HPF) for the diagnosis of early stage Alzheimer's disease and hippocampal sclerosis.Methods　MRI signals of 254 normal adults were measured on the transverse section.Results　HPF signal intensities were:T1 relaxation times,629±73 ms;T2 relaxation times,83±5.5 ms;and proton density value,5978±651.The T2 value range(χ±2S)was 72～94 ms,and mean 83 ms.T2 value greater than 104 ms will be associated with evidence of hippocampal pathologic changes.The mixed signal intensity of T2WI(30,60,120)were:3907±407,2657±347,1288±174.The signal intensity ratios of T2WI were:1.02,1.07,1.13.Conclusion　As for the histological features of temporal lobe cortex and HPF,T1relaxation times and proton density values are matched but T2 relaxation times of HPF are relatively longer.

MRI Study of the Thoracic Canal Fat in Normal Adults / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of the distribution characters and thickness of fat in thoracic canal in normal adults,and to assess the relational factors of the fat thickness.Methods The distribution characters of the thoracic canal fat in 268 normal adults were studied in mid-sagittal plane on MR T_1WI.The thickness of epidural fat and the canal diameter were measured and analyzed.Results Thoracic canal fat on mid-sagittal plane was only found in posterior epidural space,mainly appearing as segmental distribution. Continuous barred or spindle shape of the fat was also seen in some cases.The thickness of fat varied at different thoracic levels.There was no statistic significance between men and women or every age group about the fat thickness.Positive linear correlation occurred between spinal canal diameter or obesity index and the fat thickness.Conclusion The distribution characters and thickness of the thoracic epidural fat can be used as references in diagnosing some spinal canal diseases.

The Study of ~1 HMRS in Diagnosis of Astrocytoma / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To assess the value of ~1 HMRS in the classification and differential diagnosis of astrocytoma. Methods 58 cases of astrocytoma including 18 cases of diffuse astrocytoma, 24 cases of anaplastic astrocytoma and 16 cases of glioblastoma were all examined by routine MR scan and ~1 HMRS, statistical analysis was done on Cho/Cr, Cho/NAA and NAA/Cr ratio. Results Diffuse astrocytoma showed slightly elevated Cho, a bit decreased NAA and Cr. Lac wave did not appear. Anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma both manifested distinctly elevated Cho, obviously decreased NAA and Cr. Lac wave existed in 6 cases. In diffuse astrocytoma the ratio of Cho/NAA was 2.72?1.16, Cho/Cr was 2.66?1.21, NAA/Cr was 1.02?0.34. In anaplastic astrocytoma the ratio of Cho/NAA was 5.69?1.32, Cho/Cr was 4.92?1.46, NAA/Cr was 0.92?0.16. In glioblastoma the value of Cho/NAA was 5.71?1.08, Cho/Cr was 5.12?1.76, NAA/Cr was 0.87?0.13.Conclusion It is very significant of ~1 HMRS in the classification and differential diagnosis of astrocytoma.

Sacral Meningeal Cysts:Evaluation with MR Imaging / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To study the clinical manifestat ions, MR diagnosis and differential diagnosis of sacral meningeal cyst.Methods 25 patients with sacral meningeal cyst proved by operation and pathology, 9 cases of male, 16 cases of female; the age ranged fro m 18 to 56 years old, average age is 40.3. All cases were performed on MR examin ation. Results The shape of cysts in 19 cases were elliptic,long marsupial shape in 3 cases,irregular in 1 case,string shap in 2 cases.The edge of cysts is clear and the wall of cysts is very thin.MR signal in tensity of fl uid in sacral meningeal cysts exhibits similarity to cerebrospinal fluid,which s hows uniform low signal in T 1WI and high signal in T 2WI.There are 8 cases sc an whose MR signal of cysts fluid is much higher than that of cerebrospinal flui d in T 2WI. In 7 cases thin strip nerve root can be found through the cysts in T 1WI and T 2WI. The antrast enhancement was made in 8 cases and there were no any enhancement both in content and wall of cyst.Conclusion MRI is one of the best examing methods for dia gnosiing of sacral meningeal cyst. Correct mastery of MR manifestations can not only help to give right dignosis, but also provide guidance for choices of clini cal treatment.

CT and MRI Diagnosis of Cystic Brain Metastases / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To study the CT and MRI features of cystic brain metastases. Methods 26 cases of cystic brain metastases proved by clinicopathology were presented.There were13 males and 13 females with an average age of 52.7 years.CT studies were obtained in 15 cases,while MR studies were done in 13 cases.11 cases had CT and/or MRI contrast enhancement studies. Results According to the shape of the wall of cystic brain metastases,48 tumors in 26 cases were classified into three types: irregular,nodular,regular type.The wall demonstrated iso-or slightly high density on CT and iso-or slightly low intensity on MR T_1WI and T_2WI,while the hydatid fluid showed slightly high intensity on MR T_1WI and high intensity on T_2WI and iso-or slightly high density on CT compared to CSF.The tumors showed circular reinforcement on enhanced CT or MRI,with nodular enhancement in some cases. Conclusion Cystic brain metastases have mutiple types and should be differentiated from brain abcess and other cystic brain parenchamal tumors.Multi-direction enhanced MRI is helpful to diagnosis.

CT,MR and MRS Diagnosis of Basal Ganglia Infarction / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To discuss imaging differentiating diagnosis of basal ganglia infarction by summarizing the features of 17 lesions on CT and MRI.Methods Among 17 cases, 6 were children occurred after their injury, and ranged in age from 5 to 11 years old with average 8 years old. Others were adults ranged in age from 53 to 78 years old with average 63 years old. All patients were examined with CT plain scans. 11 cases were underwent MRI and 5 were underwent 1 H MRS.Results 6 lesions in children were all single lateral cases. Among 11 adult lesions, 10 were single lateral and 1 was bilateral case. Basal ganglia infarctions demonstrated hyposignal on T_1WI, hypersignal on T_2WI and hypodense on CT. The lateral ventricles' anterior horns of the same side were pressed and narrow. On 1 H MRS, Lac was obviously observed in all lesions. NAA decreased markedly in 4 lesions and slightly in 1 lesion. 2 basal ganglia infarctions were together with hemorrhage.Conclusion Basal ganglia infarctions were mainly observed in the elder with arteriosclerosis and injured children. Its features on CT and MRI are characteristic, but it is in need of differentiating from basal ganglia lesions caused by other reasons. Marked Lac on 1 H MRS is its character.

CT Study of the Internal Occipital Protuberance / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To study the development and shape of the occipital protuberance and its clinical significance with normal cranial CT scans.Methods 3000 cases of normal cranial CT images were selected.There were 1500 males and 1500 females,which were divided into nine age groups.The internal occipital protuberances were observed and measured on bone-window.Results The internal occipital protuberance was seen earlist at four-month-old-infant,and growth with age.The shape of the internal occipital protuberance was classified into four types:single-peak-type,plane-protusion-type,tropezoid-type and irregular-type.The single-peak-type was seen most commonly.Big semilunar depression of the internal occipital protuberance could be seen in patient with magna citern arachnoid cyst.Conclusion The height and shape of normal internal occipital protuberance have many diversities.Big semilunar depression of the internal protuberance is a important sign in diagnosis of magna cistern arachnoid cyst.

INVESTIGATION OF BONE AGE AND STATURE DEVELOPMENT IN MENTAL RETARDATION CHILDREN / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

A comparative analysis of bone age and stature development between 93 cases of mental retardation and 305 cases of mentally ormal children was made. About 50% of the cases mental retardation were associated with stature depression, The delay of bone age was longer in the mental retardation group than in the control group. The more severe mental retardation, the higher frequency the stature depression. Stature depression was more often seen in the areas where the environment and economic conditions are poor and in boys than in girls. The younger the mote frequency of the stature depression. When patients reached the age of puberty, some of the bone age delay and stature depression tended to get mild or could return to normal. Integrating the epidemiological investigation with the clinicoradiologic examination, we found that poor environment and undernutrition are significant factors for mental retardatio.

RADIOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE SKULL BASE DEVELOPMENT / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

The development of the skull base of 1000 cases was studied with skull radiographies. The length of the skull base and cranium were measured and the indexes were calculated. The same measurement and calculation were used to determine the width of the skull base and the cranium. The main results are as follow, The width and length of the skull base are similar in both sexes before 7 years of age, larger in boys than in girls after 7 years and almost never increase at 17 years. Before 14 years, the width of the skull base increases quicker than that of the cranium. Therefore, the indexes are also increased with age, but with no longer increase with age after 14 years. The index of length of the craniumskull base does not increase with age because the development curves of the length of the cranium and skull base are similar.

1H-MRS in frontal lobe and hippocampus of patients with first episode major depression / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To measure metabolism in brain of first episode major depression patients with 1H-MRS.Methods Single-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic(1H-MRS) examination of bilateralis frontal lobe and hippocampus was conducted in 23 patients with first episode major depression and 23 age-,sex-and education-matched healthy controls.We examined the metabolism such as NAA,Cho,Cr,Glx and mI in bilaterlis frontal lobe and hippocampus of patients.Results Bilateralis frontal lobe NAA/Cr,right frontal lobe Glx/Cr and left hippocampus NAA/Cr and Glx/Cr were significantly lower in MD patients versus controls,but right frontal lobe and right hippocampus mI/Cr significantly higher than in controls.Conclusion Nerve cell activity disorder,abnormal second messenger and glutamicacid and glutamine may be involved in the pathogenesis of major depression.