Survey of rehabilitation competency of Chinese rehabilitation physicians using WHO rehabilitation competency framework / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo investigate rehabilitation competence among trainers and trainees whom participated in the training program entitled National Training Program of Shortage Rehabilitation Physicians (NTPSRP) using World Health Organization rehabilitation competency framework (RCF). MethodsBased on RCF, a questionnaire was developed and administrated through network using Questionnaire Star. All the trainers and trainees who participated in NTPSRP were investigated in September, 2023. ResultsA total of 911 subjects were collected from 27 provinces, including 426 trainers (teachers) and 485 trainees (students). The average age of the teachers was older, with more years of work experience and professional experience in rehabilitation medicine. The degree and professional title of the teachers was also higher. The overall internal consistency reliability of the questionnaire was good (Cronbach's α = 0.988), and all the internal consistency reliability in five fields was good (Cronbach's α > 0.9). The five dimensional structure of RCF in the results was consistent with the prior model established by RCF theory. The self-ratings of all physicians in the five fields were higher than the median level, and was higher in the teachers than in the students [(3.42±0.68) vs. (2.73±0.80), P < 0.001]. Gender and years of experience in rehabilitation medicine were independent factors for the total score of the questionnaire. The total self-rating of female students was 9.65 points lower than that of the male (95%CI 4.386 to 14.914); and one more year in rehabilitation medicine would increase 1.78 points in self-rating (95%CI 1.140 to 2.419). ConclusionThe structure and content of RCF can be used to evaluate the competence of rehabilitation physicians. The teachers and students of NTPSRP are eligible to RCF. RCF-based evaluation can be used to guide the development of continuing education courses for rehabilitation professionals.

Ruscogenin alleviates LPS-triggered pulmonary endothelial barrier dysfunction through targeting NMMHC IIA to modulate TLR4 signaling

Pulmonary endothelial barrier dysfunction is a hallmark of clinical pulmonary edema and contributes to the development of acute lung injury (ALI). Here we reported that ruscogenin (RUS), an effective steroidal sapogenin of Radix Ophiopogon japonicus, attenuated lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced pulmonary endothelial barrier disruption through mediating non-muscle myosin heavy chain IIA (NMMHC IIA)‒Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) interactions. By in vivo and in vitro experiments, we observed that RUS administration significantly ameliorated LPS-triggered pulmonary endothelial barrier dysfunction and ALI. Moreover, we identified that RUS directly targeted NMMHC IIA on its N-terminal and head domain by serial affinity chromatography, molecular docking, biolayer interferometry, and microscale thermophoresis analyses. Downregulation of endothelial NMMHC IIA expression in vivo and in vitro abolished the protective effect of RUS. It was also observed that NMMHC IIA was dissociated from TLR4 and then activating TLR4 downstream Src/vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) signaling in pulmonary vascular endothelial cells after LPS treatment, which could be restored by RUS. Collectively, these findings provide pharmacological evidence showing that RUS attenuates LPS-induced pulmonary endothelial barrier dysfunction by inhibiting TLR4/Src/VE-cadherin pathway through targeting NMMHC IIA and mediating NMMHC IIA‒TLR4 interactions.

Erratum: Author correction to 'Ruscogenin alleviates LPS-triggered pulmonary endothelial barrier dysfunction through targeting NMMHC IIA to modulate TLR4 signaling' Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 12 (2022) 1198-1212

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.09.017.].

Advances of active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine in the preven-tion and treatment of osteoarthritis / 中国药科大学学报

Osteoarthritis (OA),a common chronic degenerative joint disease,rises gradually with age,which seri-ously affects the quality of life of middle-aged and elderly patients. Currently,the therapeutic medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)and analgesics might improve OA symptoms,but cannot prevent the development of OA. The active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)have unique advantages in the treatment of OA. This article reviews the research progress of active ingredients of TCM in the prevention and treatment of OA reported by domestic and foreign journals in the past five years from the aspects of inhibition of the secretion of inflammation-related factors,improvement of cartilage matrix synthesis and catabolic imbalance, inhibition of chondrocyte apoptosis,promotion of chondrocyte proliferation,and regulation of estrogen levels,with an attempt to provide a theoretical basis for the development of new drugs for OA.

Analgesic effect of levo-corydalmine on neuropathic pain in rats and its mechanism / 中国药科大学学报

@#The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of levo-corydalmine(l-CDL)on chronic constrictive injury(CCI)-induced neuropathic pain and central sensitization in spinal cord. The mechanical withdrawal threshold in rats was assessed by Von-Frey fibers and the thermal withdrawal latency was assessed by thermal stimulus apparatus. The level of phosphorylated N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor 1(NR1)in L4-L6 spinal cord was analyzed by immunoblotting and the expression of calcitonin gene related peptide(CGRP)and c-fos in spinal cord dorsal horn were analyzed by immunofluorescence. Results showed that l-CDL(7. 5, 15, 30 mg/kg, ig)inhibited CCI-induced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in a dose-dependent manner. l-CDL significantly inhibited the up-regulation of p-NR1, c-fos and CGRP in CCI rats without tolerance. In conclusion, l-CDL has a good relieving effect on central sensitization in spinal cord, thus generating outstanding analgesic activity on CCI-induced neuropathic pain.

The Research of Modern Pharmacodynamic Material Basis Based on the Traditional Efficacy of Traditional Chinses Medicine is the Source for Original Research / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

The traditional efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is to summarize the clinical efficacy of TCM under the guidance of TCM theory,and it possess important guiding significance for the clinical use of TCM.Comparing with the modern medical system,the TCM system was different from western medicine in diagnosis and treatment modes,and the disease targets of TCM maybe more extensive than that of western medicine.Based on the traditional efficacy of TCM,combined with modern means of science and technology,the research on material basis and pharmacological mechanism of TCM was beneficial to discovery the new targets,new mechanism,new material and the secondary development of new drug of TCM.Furthermore,it also has far-reaching significance on interpret the modern scientific connotation of TCM efficacy.Therefore,deriving from the traditional efficacy of TCM,the research of modern pharmacodynamic material basis is the source for original research.

Analysis on Supply-side Structural Reform Strategy of Drug Distribution Based on Structure-conduct-per-formance Analysis Paradigm / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To provide basic industrial research and development recommendations for the supply-side structural reform in drug distribution in China. METHODS:Structure-conduct-performance(SCP)analysis paradigm from Harvard was used for in-depth study of market structure,business conduct and business performance in China since 2010. RESULTS:Since 2010, drug distribution industry in China had shown the scale of decline in the growth rate,low market concentration,increased barriers to entry,the leading of state-owned capital,etc. Though corporate mergers and acquisitions and public financing expanded the scale,management information,third-party logistics,Internet+and pharmacy alliance business model flourished,the industry op-erating performance was poor,state-owned enterprises showed poor performance. CONCLUSIONS:The transformation and upgrad-ing of the industry business model should be promoted by targetedly accelerating the supply-side structural reforms in the drug distri-bution industry,encouraging corporate finance mergers,breaking local protectionism,developing cooperative pharmacies and phar-maceutical third-party logistics alliances and leveraging the Internet.

Research progress on chemical composition, analytical methods, and pharmacological effects of Ophiopogon polysaccharides / 药物评价研究

The main ingredients of Ophiopogonjaponicas include steroidal saponins,flavonoids,polysaccharides,and so on,but the research on polysaccharides is relatively less.This particle will mainly review the chemical composition,analytical methods,and pharmacological effects of Ophiopogon polysaccharides.The Ophiopogon polysaccharides contain a variety of substances,such as MDG-1,Md-1,Md-2,OJP-1,etc;The main analysis methods were sulfuric acid method,phenol-sulfuric acid method,3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) colorimetric method,and near-infrared spectroscopy combined with partial least squares regression method.Ophiopogon polysaccharides can effectively improve the cardiovascular system diseases,with antihypoxia,anti-inflammatory,antitumor,anti-oxidation,and other pharmacological effects.

Study on the Influential Factors of the Implementation of Essential Medicine Purchase Policy in China Based on Factor Analysis Method / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for evaluating the new round of essential medicine bidding and purchase policy in China,ensuring the stability of essential medicine supply and improving national essential medicine system.METHODS:Based on the theoretical analysis,taking Shanghai and Yunan province as sample,the questionnaire was designed to investigate the difficulty to implement essential drug purchase policy in essential medicine supply system,and the bidding situation evaluation of production enterprises by both sides of local drug bidding among staff in production enterprises,circulation enterprises,primary health care institutions and other institutions.The types of influential factors for the implementation of essential medicine purchase policy were determined finally.Factor analysis method was used to screen the key influential factors.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:Four common factors had a great influence on the implementation of essential medicine policy in China.The impact of the large to small is the rationality of the tender procurement program,the standardization of pharmaceutical production,the stability of demand for drug use and macroeconomic policy regulation and protection.It is suggested to further improve the drug recruitment system,select the products that have quality assurance and production specifications,and fully meet the diverse needs of the market,while provide relatively stable usage information for manufacturers.If necessary,"drug purchase with target quantity" of Shanghai model can be forced to carry out by policy so as to ensure that the interests of all parties in the pharmaceutical supply chain are treated fairly.

Comparison of two new on-line methods on screening peroxynitrite scavengers in Radix Scrophulariae / 中国药科大学学报

@#Two simple and efficient methods have been developed for screening and identification of natural peroxynitrite scavengers in Radix Scrophulariae (RS). Method I was based on HPLC-DAD-(luminol-peroxynitrite)-CL techniques combined with Q-TOF MS/MS analysis, while method II was based on the pre-column reaction with peroxynitrite followed by HPLC separation with Q-TOF MS/MS analysis. Five active constituents, P1(decaffeoylacteoside), P9(eoside), I6(6″-O-feruloylharpagide), P11(cis-acteoside)and P13(angoroside), were found to possess potential peroxynitrite-scavenging activity by method I, while P9 and P13 were also screened by method II. Method I requires more complex apparatus, but has advantages on simple detection and high sensitivity. Method II requires simpler apparatus than method I, but with more tedious detection and lower sensitivity. However, the methods established above would provide new ways for rapid detection of natural peroxynitrite-scavenging compounds in RX complex matrices.

Reproductive toxicity of bisphenol A in adult male mice and mechanism / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To investigate the damage effect of bisphenol A (BPA)on the testis tissue of adult mice, and to reveal the reproductive toxicity of BPA in the body of animal and mechanism.Methods:40 KM mice aged 8 weeks were randomly divided into control group (according to the weight ratio of corn oil gavage), low dose of BPA group (100 mg·kg-1BPA),moderate dose of BPA group (200 mg·kg-1 BPA),and high dose of BPA group (400 mg·kg-1 BPA).4 weeks laster,the testis tissue was taken.The apoptotic rates in the testis tissue were detected by flow cytometry;the distribution and expression of Fas and FADD were measured by immunohistochemistry.Results:Compared with control group,the apoptotic rate,the expression rates of Fas and FADD in testis tissue of the mice in low dose of BAP group had no changes (P>0.05),while the apoptotic rates in the testis tissue and the positive expressions rates of Fas and FADD in moderate and high doses of BPA groups were increased (P<0.05).Compared with low dose of BPA group,the apoptotic rates and the positive expression rates of FAS and FADD in tests tissue of the mice in moderate and high doses of BPA groups were significantly increased (P<0.05).Compared with moderate dose of BPA group,the apoptotic rate and the positive expression rates of FAS and FADD in testis tissue of the mice in high dose of BPA group was significantly increased (P<0.05).The overexpression of Fas and FADD was positively correlated to the apoptotic rate in testis tissue in moderate dose of BPA group (r=0.430,P<0.05;r=0.238,P<0.01)and high dose of BPA group (r=0.637,P<0.01;r=0.359,P<0.01).Conclusion:BPA with content dose can increase the apoptotic rates of cells in testis tissue and the expressions of Fas and FADD.BPA’s reproductive toxicity may be closely associated with the activation of Fas signal pathway and resulting in massive apoptosis.

Quantitative analysis of seven phenolic acids in eight Yinqiao Jiedu serial preparations by quantitative analysis of multi-components with single-marker / 药学学报

The study aims to develop a unified method to determine seven phenolic acids (neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, 4-caffeoylquinic acid, caffeic acid, isochlorogenic acid B, isochlorogenic acid A and isochlorogenic acid C) contained in honeysuckle flower that is the monarch drug of all the eight Yinqiao Jiedu serial preparations using quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker (QAMS). Firstly, chlorogenic acid was used as a reference to get the average relative correction factors (RCFs) of the other phenolic acids in ratios to the reference; columns and instruments from different companies were used to validate the durability of the achieved RCFs in different levels of standard solutions; and honeysuckle flower extract was used as the reference substance to fix the positions of chromatographic peaks. Secondly, the contents of seven phenolic acids in eight different Yinqiao Jiedu serial preparations samples were calculated based on the RCFs durability. Finally, the quantitative results were compared between QAMS and the external standard (ES) method. The results have showed that the durability of the achieved RCFs is good (RSD during 0.80% - 2.56%), and there are no differences between the quantitative results of QAMS and ES (the relative average deviation < 0.93%). So it can be successfully used to the quantitative control of honeysuckle flower principally prescribed in Yinqiao Jiedu serial preparations.

Research advances in the mechanisms of active components in Chinese materia medica against oxidative stress-induced neuronal apoptosis / 中国药科大学学报

Oxidative stress-induced neuronal apoptosis plays a vital role in the development of neurodegenerative disorders;while at present its regulation pathways mainly include the NF-κB pathway;p53 pathway;MAPK path-way;PI3 K/Akt pathway;Nrf2 pathway;as well as other signaling pathways.Research findings suggest that the active components in Chinese materia medica exert significant biological activities in the treatment of oxidative stress-induced neuronal apoptosis.In the present paper;we review the recent research advances on the relative mechanisms of active components in Chinese materia medica against oxidative stress-induced neuronal apoptosis;so as to provide some references or clues for the clarification of possible mechanisms of active components in Chinese materia medica and the treatment of related neurodegenerative diseases.

Research of the Variation Rule and Influencing Factors of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in the Extraction Pro-cess of Schisandra chinensis / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To explore the content variation rule and influencing factors of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(5-HMF)in the extraction process of the herbs Schisandra chinensis and improve the quality of monitoring the extract of Schisandra chinensis. METHODS:High performance liquid chromatography was adopted to determine the contents of 5-HMF in the extracts during the extraction process (decoction,vacuum concentration,alcohol precipitation,vacuum drying,alkali adjustment),and the content variation rule was found out. For vacuum drying during which the content of 5-HMF reduced obviously,the effects of the tempera-ture and time of drying on the content of 5-HMF were studied,and the effects of vacuum drying and freeze drying on the 5-HMF contents were compared. RESULTS:The content variation trend in the extraction process of Schisandra chinensis was as follows as a large amount of 5-HMF was produced in the herbs decoction process;the content of 5-HMF increased during concentration,re-duced during the alcohol precipitation and the vacuum drying of the extracts by three times concentrate,and maintained substantial-ly unchanged during alkali adjustment. In the process of vacuum drying,the content of 5-HMF decreased with temperature rise and time extension. Freeze drying had no effect as good as that of vacuum drying in the reduction in the content of 5-HMF. CON-CLUSIONS:It is suggested that the vacuum drying of the extracts by three times concentrate at higher temperature,which may pro-duce the extract of Schisandra chinensis with lower content of 5-HMF and thus improve the quality of Schisandra chinensis extract.

Application of ultrasound guided biopsy in the diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma / 重庆医学

Objective To explore the clinical value of ultrasound guided biopsy in the diagnosis of thyroid micro carcinoma . Methods 150 patients who were suspected to have thyroid nodules on thyroid ultrasound examination in recent years were enrolled for the study .They all went first for ultrasound guided biopsy and then for surgical resected pathological examination .Results 51 cases with confirmed cancer on ultrasound guided biopsy underwent surgical resected pathological examination ,3 cases were missed diagnosis .Surgical findings revealed carcinoma with diameter greater than 1 cm in 24 cases ,follicular carcinoma and medullary car-cinoma in 2 cases .Carcinoma with diameter less than 1 cm were revealed in 30 cases of papillary carcinoma .There were 2 male and 28 female patients ,aged range from 15-40 years having mean age of (27 .5 ± 1 .3) years .The accuracy of ultrasound guided biop-sy reached up to 90 .0% .Conclusion Ultrasound guided biopsy has high accuracy in diagnosing thyroid micro carcinoma preoperatively .

Speed up to formulate "National processing procedures of prepared slices of Chinese crude drugs", unified the national standards of prepared slices / 中国中药杂志

The prepared slices of Chinese crude drugs are growing important in recent years, and faced with new developments and opportunities. The author analyzed the importance of formulate national processing procedures of prepared slices of Chinese crude drugs combined actual work, proposed the overall objectives and tasks for the formulation, and emphasized to need to correctly deal with several important factors during the process of formulate "National processing procedures of prepared slices of Chinese crude drugs", unified the national standards of prepared slices, solved the real problems that the prepared slices of Chinese crude drugs industry faced.

Scientific supervision of compound preparation of traditional Chinese medicine and chemical drug / 中国中药杂志

The application of the compound preparation of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and chemical drug in clinical has a long history. Drug regulatory requirements of the compound preparation of TCM and chemical drug in various periods were compared and analyzed, and the history and status of the way of scientific supervision of this preparation were summarized. This paper discussed the problems and deficiencies of the compound preparation of TCM and chemical drug, and put forward countermeasures and suggestions about to strengthen the scientific supervision of the compound preparation of TCM and chemical drug.

Determination of 25(R, S) ruscogenin 1-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1 --> 2) beta-D-xylopyranosyl (1 --> 3) beta-D-fucopyranoside in Liriope muscari from different habitats and different harvest time by HPLC-ELSD / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To develop an HPLC-ELSD method for the determination of 25 (R, S) ruscogenin 1-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1 --> 2)] [beta-D-xylopyranosyl (1 --> 3)] beta-D-fucopyranoside in the tuberous roots of Liriope muscari from different habitats and different harvest time.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>A Shimadzu C18 column (4.6 mm x 150 mm, 5 microm) with a solvent system consisting of acetonirile-water (46: 54) was used, and detected by ELSD. The temperature of drift tube was 94 degrees C and the nebulizer nitrogen flow rate was 2.5 L x min(-1).</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The calibration curve of 25 (R, S) ruscogenin 1-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1 --> 2)] [beta-D-xylopyranosyl (1 --> 3)] beta-D-fucopyranoside showed good linearity in the range of 1.02-12.228 microg and the average recovery was 100.80%, with RSD of 1.8%. 10 batches of L. muscari from different habitats were analyzed, and the contents were 0.25% - 0.41%. The contents of 15 batches from different harvest time were 0.13%-0.38%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method is simple, rapid and sensitive, and can be used for determination of 25 (R, S) ruscogenin 1-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1 --> 2)] [beta-D-xylopyranosyl (1 --> 3)] beta-D-fucopyranoside in L. muscari. It provides the valuable basis for quality assessment of L. muscari.</p>

Influence of harvest times and processing methods on contents of total flavonoids and total saponins in roots of Ophiopogon japonicus / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the patterns of dynamic accumulation of total flavonoids and total saponins in the roots of Ophiopogon japonicus collected from different harvest times, and compare the contents of total flavonoids and total saponins in roots of O. japonicus which were processed with different methods.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The total flavonoids and total saponins contents in O. japonicus were determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry.</p><p><b>RESULT AND CONCLUSION</b>From December to January, the total contents of flavonoids and saponins in the roots of O. japonicus gradually decreased, and gradually increased from February to March, and kept stable in April. The contents of total flavonoids and total saponins in the O. japonicus were influenced by different processing methods.</p>

On-line determination of scavenging effect of Ophiopogon japonicus for superoxide anion radicals by HPLC-DAD coupled with chemiluminescence / 中国药科大学学报

The scavenging activities of Ophiopogon japonicus for superoxide anion (O_2~(·-)) radicals by HPLC-DAD coupled with chemiluminescence(CL) was studied and the active constituents in it were screened.The aqueous extracts of Ophiopogon japonicus were divided into the ethyl ether fraction and the n-butanol fraction.Their activities were investigated respectively and the reduction of CL with the pyrogallic acid 3-amino-phthalhydrazid (luminol) Na_2CO_3/NaHCO_3 buffer (pH 11.0) system worked as an activity index of the antioxidant constituents.Major active components in Ophiopogon japonicus could be identified by HPLC-DAD-MS/MS and the reference substances.The antioxidant activities of different ingredients were evaluated by standard potency equations using quercetin as positive control.The experimental data indicated that the scavenging activities of Ophiopogon japonicus for superoxide anion (O_2~(·-)) radicals are mainly from homoisoflavone in the ethyl ether fraction.It has shown that the method for on-line detection is an advantageous tool to rapidly determinate antioxidants from complex herbs.