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1.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 40(2): 189-197, Feb. 2007. graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-440489

RESUMO

Apolipoprotein E (apoE - e2, e3, e4 alleles) plays a role in the regulation of lipid metabolism, with the e4 considered to be a risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). We aimed to evaluate the apoE polymorphisms in Brazilians with CAD and their influence on the lipid profile and other risk factors (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking). Two hundred individuals were examined: 100 patients with atherosclerosis confirmed by coronary angiography and 100 controls. Blood samples were drawn to determine apoE polymorphisms and lipid profile. As expected, the e3 allele was prevalent in the CAD (0.87) and non-CAD groups (0.81; P = 0.099), followed by the e4 allele (0.09 and 0.14, respectively; P = 0.158). The e3/3 (76 and 78 percent) and e3/4 (16 and 23 percent) were the most common genotypes for patients and controls, respectively. The lipid profile was altered in patients compared to controls (P < 0.05), independently of the e4 allele. However, in the controls this allele was prevalent in individuals with elevated LDL-cholesterol levels only (odds ratio = 2.531; 95 percent CI = 1.028-6.232). The frequency of risk factors was higher in the CAD group (P < 0.05), but their association with the lipid profile was not demonstrable in e4 carriers. In conclusion, the e4 allele is not associated with CAD or lipid profile in patients with atherosclerosis. However, its frequency in the non-CAD group is associated with increased levels of LDL-cholesterol, suggesting an independent effect of the e4 allele on lipid profile when the low frequency of other risk factors in this group is taken into account.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Apolipoproteínas E/genética , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/sangue , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/genética , Lipídeos/sangue , Alelos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Genótipo , Polimorfismo Genético , Fatores de Risco
2.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 38(2): 251-260, fev. 2005. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-393656

RESUMO

Serum antibodies specific for the capsular polysaccharides of Streptococcus pneumoniae provide protection against invasive pneumococcal infection. In Brazil, this vaccine has been used for people over 65 years with clinical risk to develop pneumococcal infection since 1999. We evaluated the immune response of 102 elderly subjects (75.5 percent females and 24.5 percent males) with a mean age of 71 years, and 19 young healthy adults (63.2 percent females and 36.8 percent males) with a mean age of 27 years. The elderly study group consisted of outpatients who received follow-up care in the Geriatric Department of General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo. None had acute illness at the time of vaccination. Both groups were immunized with one intra-deltoid injection with 0.5 ml of a 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. The total IgG specific antibody concentrations to capsular polysaccharides 1, 3, 5, 6B, 8, and 14 were determined against pre- and 1-month post-vaccination sera. All samples were analyzed according to the second-generation pneumococcal polysaccharide ELISA protocol. We observed that the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine evoked consistent antibody increase for serotypes 1, 5, 6B, 8, and 14 (geometric mean concentration increase of 2.46 in the elderly and 2.84 in the young adults). Otherwise, we observed no increase in antibody concentration for serotype 3 in both groups.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecções Pneumocócicas/prevenção & controle , Vacinas Pneumocócicas/imunologia , Streptococcus pneumoniae/imunologia , Fatores Etários , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/imunologia , Brasil , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Imunoglobulina G/imunologia
3.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 36(7): 919-923, July 2003. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-340681

RESUMO

The genetic basis for dementias is complex. A common polymorphism in the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is considered to be the major risk factor in families with sporadic and late-onset Alzheimer's disease as well as in the general population. The distribution of alleles and genotypes of the APOE gene in late-onset Alzheimer's disease (N = 68), other late-life dementias (N = 39), and in cognitively normal controls (N = 58) was determined, as also was the risk for Alzheimer's disease associated with the epsilon4 allele. Peripheral blood samples were obtained from a total of 165 individuals living in Brazil aged 65-82 years. Genomic DNA was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and the products were digested with HhaI restriction enzyme. APOE epsilon2 frequency was considerably lower in the Alzheimer's disease group (1 percent), and the epsilon3 allele and epsilon3/epsilon3 genotype frequencies were higher in the controls (84 and 72 percent, respectively) as were the epsilon4 allele and epsilon3/epsilon4 genotype frequencies in Alzheimer's disease (25 and 41 percent, respectively). The higher frequency of the epsilon4 allele in Alzheimer's disease confirmed its role as a risk factor, while epsilon2 provided a weak protection against development of the disease. However, in view of the unexpectedly low frequency of the epsilon4 allele, additional analyses in a more varied Brazilian sample are needed to clarify the real contribution of apolipoprotein E to the development of Alzheimer's disease in this population


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Apolipoproteínas E , Demência Vascular , Polimorfismo Genético , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Alelos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Genótipo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Fatores de Risco
4.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 92(6): 843-52, Nov.-Dec. 1997. ilus, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-197226

RESUMO

Strategies to construct the physical map of the Trypanosoma cruzi nuclear genome have to capitalize on three main advantage of the parasite genome, namely (a) its small size, (b) the fact that all chromosomes can be defined, and many of them can be isolated by pulse field gel electrophoresis, and (c) the fact that simple Southern blots of electrophoretic karyotypes can be used to map sequence tagged sites and expressed sequence tags to chromosomal bands. A major drawback to cope with is the complexity of T. cruzi genetics, that hinders the construction of a comprehensive genetic map. As a first step towards physical mapping, we report the construction and partial characterization of a T. cruzi CL-Brener genomic library in yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) that consists of 2.770 individual YACs with a mean insert size of 365 kb encompassing around 10 genomic equivalents. Two libraries in bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) have been constructed, BACI and BACII. Both libraries represent about three genome equivalents. A third BAC library (BAC III) is being constructed. YACs and BACs are invaluable tools for physical mapping. More generally, they have to be considered as a common resource for research in Chagas disease.


Assuntos
Animais , Mapeamento Cromossômico , Genoma de Protozoário , Trypanosoma cruzi/genética , Cromossomos Artificiais de Levedura , Células Clonais , Sitios de Sequências Rotuladas
5.
Rev. bras. med. otorrinolaringol ; 4(2): 52-9, mar. 1997. tab, graf
Artigo em Português | LILACS | ID: lil-196750

RESUMO

O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a tolerabilidade, a eficácia clínica e a segurança do uso da cetirizina (CTZ) no tratamento da rinite alérgica perene. O estudo foi comparativo contra placebo (PLB), duplo-cego, randomizado, cruzado. Os pacientes receberam um período de 15 dias com CTZ (10 mg em dose única di ria), seguido de outro período de 15 dias com PLB, ou vice-versa de acordo com lista de aleatorizaçäo. Setenta e dois pacientes foram admitidos e 52 deles completaram os dois períodos de tratamento previstos. A CTZ mostrou superioridade nos seguintes sintomas de rinite alérgica: coriza, obstruçäo nasal, crises de espirro, prurido nasal e conjuntivite. O sintoma tosse näo foi modificado por qualquer dos tratamentos. Os sinais físicos de rinite alérgica, como coloraçäo da mucosa, hipertrofia de cornetos, secreçäo nasal e inflamaçäo faríngea, mantiveram-se inalterados com os dois tratamentos. O mesmo ocorreu com os sinais vitais: pressäo arterial, frequência cardíaca, frequência respiratória e peso. Durante o período de tratamento com a CTZ foram observados eventos adversos em sete pacientes (12,3 por cento) e no período PLB foram observados eventos adversos em oito pacientes (14 por cento). Os eventos adversos mais frequentes no período de tratamento com CTZ foram sonolência e aumento subjetivo de peso (nÝo confirmado ao exame físico); no período PLB foram tontura, aumento de apetite e cefaléia. Durante o período de tratamento com a CTZ nove pacientes interromperam o tratamento, sendo oito pacientes por abandono ou falta de colaboraçäo do paciente e um por evento adverso (urticária ao frio näo controlada). Durante o período PLB 11 pacientes interromperam o tratamento, sendo dez pacientes por abandono ou falta de colaboraçäo do paciente e um por evento adverso (tontura e calafrios). Concluímos que a CTZ se mostrou clinicamente superior ao PLB em efic cia, proporcionando alívio dos sintomas da rinite alérgica perene e sintomas conjuntivais. A incidência de eventos adversos com CTZ nÝo diferiu da observada com PLB. A cetirizina é um anti-histamínico eficaz e bem tolerado, com posologia cômoda em relaçäo aos anti-histamínicos clássicos, podendo ser utilizada para tratamento da rinite alérgica.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Antialérgicos/uso terapêutico , Cetirizina/uso terapêutico , Rinite Alérgica Perene/tratamento farmacológico , Antialérgicos/administração & dosagem , Antialérgicos/farmacologia , Cetirizina/administração & dosagem , Cetirizina/farmacologia , Conjuntivite/tratamento farmacológico , Método Duplo-Cego , Tolerância a Medicamentos , Obstrução Nasal/tratamento farmacológico , Prurido/tratamento farmacológico , Espirro/efeitos dos fármacos , Resultado do Tratamento
6.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 29(6): 773-7, jun. 1996. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-181412

RESUMO

The IgM-PK-ELISA, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for immunoglobulin M employing a proteinase K-treated antigen, and the "Leptoteste-S" macroagglutination test were evaluated for use in a rapid serodiagnosis of human leptospirosis. The microscopic agglutination test (MAT) was used as reference. The three serological tests were applied to serum samples from patients with leptospirosis (N=89), typhoid fever (N=8), malaria (N=19), syphilis (N=20), hepatitis (N=16) and from clinically healthy donors (N=92). The overall results of the IgM-PK-ELISA and the "Leptoteste-S"are comparable to those of the MAT. However, both tests differed statistically from MAT in terms of the positivity of the acute-phase sera, with approximately 38 per cent of the patients with leptospirosis being identified earlier than when MAT was used. The IgM-PK-ELISA, with 89,9 per cent sensitivity and 97,4 per cent specificity, could be the test of choice for those laboratories which are equipped to perform ELISA. The "Leptoteste-S", with 89.9 per cent sensitivity and 94.8 per cent specificity, seems to be easier to perform and the most accessible to peripheral laboratories for rapid screening of human sera. Both techniques present the important characteristic of detecting early antibodies against leptospires, thus providing a diagnosis during the early stages of the disease.


Assuntos
Humanos , Leptospirose/diagnóstico , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Estudo de Avaliação , Imunoglobulina M , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Serina Proteases , Testes de Aglutinação/métodos
7.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 64(5): 483-487, Mai. 1995. ilus, tab
Artigo em Português | LILACS | ID: lil-319711

RESUMO

PURPOSE--Evaluation of the efficacy and tolerability of nifedipine oros in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension without major target organ damage and the anti-hypertensive effect along the 24 hours. METHODS--Two hundred and three patients were studied. After two weeks placebo running period single dose of nifedipine oros (30 mg/day) was administered for 8 weeks. At the end of the 4th week, the non-responders (diastolic blood pressure > 90 mmHg or reduction in diastolic pressure < 10 mmHg), had the dosage increased to 60 mg/day. Laboratory tests and 24h blood pressure monitoring (60 patients) were performed at the beginning and at the end of the study. RESULTS--One hundred and ninety one patients completed the study. Fifty nine percent were considered responders at the end of the 4th week with nifedipine oros 30 mg/day and 41 needed dosage increment to 60 mg/day. At the end of the 8th week, all patients were considered responders to nifedipine oros. The blood pressure control extended throughout the 24h of the day. The most common adverse events were edema (14.6) and headache (12.4). Good and very good tolerability were informed by 85 of the patients. CONCLUSION--Nifedipine oros was able to control blood pressure efficaciously along the 24h period without important side effects. The possibility of once day dosage, increases the patient adherence to anti-hypertensive therapy.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nifedipino , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Administração Oral , Monitorização Ambulatorial da Pressão Arterial , Pressão Arterial/efeitos dos fármacos
8.
Braz. j. vet. res. anim. sci ; 31(3/4): 210-5, 1994. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-240022

RESUMO

Soros de 922 equinos aparentemente sadios, mantidos na Fazenda do Instituto Butantan (Säo Roque, SP) para produçäo de soros hiperimunes, foram analisados quanto à presença de anticorpos para sorovares de Leptospira interrogans e para Leptonema illini, através da reaçäo de aglutinaçäo microscópica (MA). Entre os 807 (87,5 por cento) animais positivos, 659 (81,7 por cento) reagiram com mais de um sorovar, com títulos entre 1:100 e 1:6.400, havendo predomínio de títulos baixos (<= 1:400), 84 por cento dos soros positivos reagiram com representantes do sorogrupo Icterohaemorrhagiae e 79,2 por cento com Leptonema illini. Dos 23 sorovares utilizados, apenas o tarassovi näo reagiu


Assuntos
Aglutinação , Anticorpos , Equidae , Leptospira interrogans
9.
GED gastroenterol. endosc. dig ; 11(4): 163-8, out.-dez. 1992.
Artigo em Português | LILACS | ID: lil-197657

RESUMO

O virus da hepatite B é de distribuiçäo universal. Calcula-se que 300 milhöes de indivíduos, em escala mundial, estao cronicamente contaminados pelo mesmo. A transmissäo mae-filho do vírus da hepatite B, que ocorre durante o parto, a chamada transmissäo perinatal, representa fonte muito importante de disseminaçao da infecçäo, principalmente naquelas regiöes em que é alta a endemicidade do HVB. Também é bem sabido que quanto mais precoce for a contaminaçäo com o vírus B, maiores seräo as chances de cronificaçäo do processo. Conseqüentemente, a identificaçäo de mäes AgHBs positivas e administraçäo de HBIG e vacina aos seus recém-nascidos säo altamente recomendadas.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Hepatite B/transmissão , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas , Vacinas contra Hepatite B , Hepatite B/epidemiologia , Prevalência
20.
AMB rev. Assoc. Med. Bras ; 29(11/12): 196-8, 1983.
Artigo em Português | LILACS | ID: lil-17394

RESUMO

Os autores realizaram um estudo prospectivo de 225 criancas com trauma ocular atendidas no Servico de Emergencia do Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, analisando as condicoes do primeiro socorro. Relataram que o mesmo foi realizado por medico nao especialista (pediatras e clinicos) em 65,7% sendo que nem sempre a conduta foi a mais indicada. Enfatizam necessidade de os cursos de graduacao terem como uma das prioridades o preparo para dar o primeiro atendimento das urgencias oculares


Assuntos
Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Humanos , Serviços Médicos de Emergência , Oftalmopatias , Traumatismos Oculares , Primeiros Socorros
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