Induction of bone matrix protein expression by native bone matrix proteins in C2C12 culture / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the expression of bone matrix protein (BMP) induced by bovine bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Type I collagen, osteopontin (OPN), osteonectin (ON), osteocalcin (OC), and bone sialoprotein (BSP) were detected by immunohistochemistry in C2C12 cultured from day 1 to day 28.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The signaling of bone matrix protein expression became weaker except for type I collagen, OC and BSP after 5 days. Fourteen days after culture, the positive signaling of type I collagen, OPN, ON, OC, and BSP was gradually declined, and could be detected significantly as compared with that of the negative control on day 28. BMP assay showed that the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was higher in C2C12 culture than in the control during the 14-day culture. Also, total protein and DNA significantly increased during the 14-day culture. High levels of ALP were seen in preosteoblasts and osteoblasts in vivo and in differentiating osteoblasts in vitro. ALP was well recognized as a marker reflecting osteoblastic activity.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Native bovine BMP induces conversion of myoblasts into osteoblasts, produces type I collagen, and plays significantly role in osteoinduction and bone matrix mineralization of C2C12 in vitro.</p>

Differences in the location and multiplicity of mandibular fractures in Kuwait, Canada and Finland during the 1990s

To compare the location and multiplicity of mandibular fractures in Kuwait, Canada and Finland during the 1990s. Subjects and Data were collected from several hospitals in Kuwait [1991-2000], Toronto General Hospital in Canada [1995-2000] and Oulu University Hospital in Finland [1990-1999]. The data were analyzed statistically using chi-square test, ANOVA, t test and logistic regression. Condylar fractures were more common in Finnish patients [41%] than Canadian [35%] or Kuwaiti patients [21%]. Condylar fractures caused by falls were about 3.4 times more common in Kuwait and Finland compared to Canada. In Finland the risk of road traffic accidents caused by condylar fracture was about 4 times higher than those caused by other etiologies. In Canada male gender was about 2 times higher for the condylar fracture than female gender. Female patients often had more multiple injuries than men in all three countries and multiple fractures were observed especially in traumas caused by falling. Differences in location and multiplicity of mandibular fractures are due to differences in etiologies and demographic patterns

Osteoinductivity assay of the variability of repeated extractions of bone morphogenetic proteins from bovine bone at different times / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the activity of repeated extracts of bone matrix and the production of purified bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>BMPs were extracted 1- 4 times from fresh bovine cortical bone by the modified Urist's method, with each collected precipitate separated and lyophilized as partially purified BMPs. Another fresh bovine bone was extracted three times and the precipitates were mixed and lyophilized. Meanwhile,the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was measured by an in vitro assay employing cultured C2C12 mouse myoblast cells through the osteoinductivity of bovine BMPs extracted four times at days 1, 4, 7, and 14, and the correlation between BMPs quantities and costing during extraction processes was analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The BMPs purified and the cost showed a positive correlation (r=0.969). To separate and lyophilize each collected precipitate as partially purified BMPs raised the cost, and mixed precipitates also cost much. ALP activities of the 1st and mixed extractions of BMPs were shown to be highly osteoinductive and keep a significantly high level (P<0.05-0.01) 4 days after culturing, compared with the 2nd, 3rd and 4th extractions, especially the control group. However, the more times the extraction was done, the less activity of BMPs was shown and more costing was. The x-ray and histological analysis also showed that the 1st extraction of BMPs induced more ossicles and new bone formation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The results indicated that BMPs enhanced the abilities of osteoinductivity in C2C12 culture in vitro. The first extraction of BMPs from bone is fitfull, the second extraction should be enough, while, the 3rd and 4th extractions are unnecessary for they cost more and waste more time, say nothing of mixed extractions.</p>