Fatores predisponentes para revascularização angiográfica incompleta em pacientes com intervenção coronária percutânea de múltiplos vasos / Predisposing factors for incomplete angiographic revascularization in patients with multivessel percutaneous coronary intervention

A revascularização miocárdica anatômica completa está associada a um melhor controle dossintomas anginosos e a menores índices de eventos cardíacos maiores tardios. No entanto, em substancial número de pacientes tratados por meio de intervenção coronária percutânea (ICP), não logramos sua obtenção. Assim, nosso objetivo foi avaliar os fatores associados à revascularização miocárdica incompleta (RMI) em casos de ICP multiarterial. Métodos: Estudo de coorte envolvendo 1.049 pacientes revascularizados de forma prospectiva e consecutivapor meio de ICP com tratamento de dois ou mais vasos, entre 2012 e 2014, divididos em dois grupos: RMI(n = 324; 30,9%) e revascularização miocárdica completa (n = 725; 69,1%).Resultados: A RMI foi significativamente associada a faixa etária maior (66,5 anos vs. 64,1 anos; p = 0,003),hipertensão arterial (92,2% vs. 86,0%; p = 0,006), insuficiência renal crônica (36.4% vs. 26.0%; p < 0,001), síndrome coronariana aguda (26,3% vs. 21,0%; p = 0,05), revascularização cirúrgica prévia (16,1% vs. 7,1%;p = 0,001), lesões em enxertos venosos (3,4% vs. 1,0%; p < 0,001) e oclusões crônicas (3,3% vs. 1,4%; p =0,005), bem como a menor acesso a stents farmacológicos (57,8% vs. 64,8%; p = 0,002). Os resultados clínicos hospitalares não diferiram entre os grupos.Conclusões: A RMI ocorreu em cerca de um terço dos casos tratados, tendo sido observada associação significativa, com um perfil clínico de maior risco e com intervenções em lesões alvo comumente associadas com menor sucesso do procedimento. O grau de revascularização não gerou impacto nosresultados clínicos da fase hospitalar...

Complete anatomical myocardial revascularization is associated with better anginacontrol and lower rates of cardiac events. However, in a significant number of patients treated bypercutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), complete revascularization is not achieved. Thus, the aimof this study was to evaluate factors associated with incomplete myocardial revascularization (IMR) in multivessel PCI patients. Methods: This was a cohort study involving 1,049 prospectively and consecutively revascularized patients through PCI with treatment of two or more vessels, between 2012 and 2014, divided into two groups: IMR(n = 324; 30.9%) and complete myocardial revascularization (n = 725; 69.1%). Results: IMR was significantly associated with older age (66.5 years vs. 64.1 years; p = 0.003), arterial hypertension (92.2% vs. 86.0%; p = 0.006), chronic renal failure (36.4 % vs. 26.0%; p < 0.001), acute coronary syndrome (26.3% vs. 21.0%; p = 0.05), previous surgical revascularization (16.1% vs. 7.1 %; p = 0.001), saphenous venous graft lesions (3.4% vs. 1.0%, p < 0.001), and chronic occlusions (3.3% vs. 1.4%, p = 0.005), as well as lower access to drug-eluting stents (57.8% vs. 64.8%; p = 0.002). In-hospital clinical outcomes did not differ between the groups. Conclusions: IMR occurred in approximately one-third of treated cases, and a significant association was observed with a higher-risk clinical profile and with target lesion interventions commonly associated with lower procedure success. The degree of revascularization had no impact on in-hospital clinical outcomes...

Influência das dimensões finais do stent pós-procedimento nos resultados tardios do stent endeavor: análise preliminar com ultrassom intracoronário seriado / Influence of stent final dimensions in mid term outcomes of the EndeavorTM stent: a preliminary serial intra-vascular ultrasound analysis

INTRODUÇÃO: Vários fatores têm sido relacionados à necessidade de revascularização da lesão-alvo, sejam eles clínicos, angiográficos ou ultrassonográficos. Quanto aos últimos, a área mínima do stent pós-procedimento (AMS) tem sido correlacionada com áreas luminais mínimas intrastent tardias (ALM), em pacientes tratados com stents farmacológicos e não-farmacológicos. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a AMS de pacientes tratados com stents liberadores de zotarolimus EndeavorTM capazes de predizer ALM < 4 mm², aos seis meses de evolução. MÉTODO: Estudo retrospectivo com 47 pacientes e 50 lesões tratados com stents liberadores de zotarolimus, submetidos a ultrassonografia intravascular (USIC) no procedimento índex e no seguimento de seis meses. Correlacionou-se a AMS com a ALM. Por meio da análise de curva ROC, avaliou-se a AMS preditora de ALM < 4 mm² no seguimento de seis meses. RESULTADOS: Observou-se correlação significativa (r² = 0,64; P = 0,001) entre AMS (6 ± 2,1 mm²) e ALM (4,6 ± 2,4 mm²). Houve diferença significativa quanto à AMS dos grupos com ALM < 4 mm² vs. > 4 mm² (4,8 mm² vs. 6,8 mm², respectivamente; P = 0,001). Pela análise da curva ROC, encontrou-se AMS pós-implante > 5,7 mm² como preditora de ALM > 4 mm² aos seis meses [área sob a curva: 0,815; intervalo de confiança (IC) 95%: 0,68-0,95; P < 0,001], com sensibilidade e especificidade de 80%. CONCLUSÃO: Em pacientes tratados com stents EndeavorTM, a AMS > 5,7 mm² esteve associada a ALM > 4 mm² no médio prazo. Tais achados podem auxiliar o implante ótimo desses stents.

BACKGROUND: Several clinical, angiographic and ultrasonographic factors have been associated to stent restenosis and target lesion revascularization. As to intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) findings, the minimal stent area (MSA) has been correlated with minimal lumen areas (MLA) in patients treated with bare metal and drug eluting stents. OBJECTIVES: Evaluate MSA values of patients treated with EndeavorTM zotarolimus eluting stents capable of predicting MLA < 4 mm² after six months of follow-up. METHOD: Retrospective study with 47 patients and 50 lesions treated with zotarolimus eluting stents, submitted to IVUS at index and at the six-month follow-up. The MSA was then correlated to the MLA. ROC curve analysis was used to identify a MSA that could predict a MLA < 4 mm² at six months. RESULTS: There was a significant correlation (r² = 0.64; P = 0.001) between the MSA (6.0 ± 2.1 mm²) and MLA at six months (4.6 ± 2.4 mm²). There was a significant difference for MSA between the groups with MLA < 4 mm² vs. > 4 mm² (4.8 mm² vs. 6.8 mm², respectively; P = 0.001). ROC curve analysis identified a post-implant MSA of > 5.7 mm² as a predictor of MLA > 4 mm² at six months [area under curve: 0.815; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.680.95; P < 0.001], with sensitivity and specificity of 80%. CONCLUSION: In this group of patients treated with EndeavorTM stents, MSA > 5.7 mm² was associated with MLA > 4 mm² at the mid-term follow-up. These findings may help achieve the optimal deployment of these stents.

Intervenção coronária percutânea em octogenários: houve mudanças no perfil dos casos tratados nos últimos cinco anos? / Percutaneous coronary intervention in eighty-year-old individuals: have there been changes in the profile of cases treated in the last five years?

Com o aumento da longevidade da população, as intervenções coronárias percutâneas (ICP) em octogenários têm sido realizadas com frequência crescente. No entanto, como os pacientes vivem mais, possivelmente apresentar-se-ão ao cardiologista com doença mais avançada, tanto em relação às comorbidades como à propria coronariopatia, fato que, se confirmado, poderia influenciar os resultados almejados...

ntroduction: As population longevity increases, percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) in eighty-year-old individuals have been increasingly more performed. However, as patients live longer, they are likely to be referred to the cardiologist with a more advanced disease, both in terms of comorbidities and coronary disease, which might influence the desired results...

Análise volumétrica tardia após implante de stents eluidores de sirolimus versus biolimus A9 / Late volumetric analysis after implantation of sirolimus versus biolimus A9-eluting stents

Os stents eluidores de sirolimus (SES) reduaem significativamente a incidência de reestenose e de eventos cardíacos maiores em comparação a stents convencionais. O sirolimus A9 (BA9), um análogo do sirolimus, demosntrou eficácia e segurança simulares no estudo randomizado e controlado STEALTH I. O objetivo deste estudo é comparar a eficácia do stent eluidor de BA9 com os SES, assim como seu desempenho em relação ao respectivos grupos controle, utilizando a análise volumétrica pelo ultra-som intracoronário (3D-USIC). Método: No total, 45 pacientes foram randomizados 2:1 para o grupo submetido a implante de stents eluidores de BA9(n igual 30) ou para o grupo conrole (n igual 15). Os resultados de angiografia coronária quantitativa e 3D-USIC foram comparados a uma série histórica de pacientes submetidos a implante de SES (n igual 30) ou controle (n igual 15). As características clínicas e angiográficas foram semelhantes entre os grupos , exceto pela maior quantidade de lesões tipo C e mulheres no grupo dos stents eluidores de BA9. Resultados: Aos seis meses de seguimento, a perda tardia intra-stent foi significativamente inferior...

Introduction: Sirolimus-eluting stents (SES) significantly reduce restenosis and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) compared to bare metal stents (BMS). The novel sirolimus analog, Biolimus A9T (BA9), presented similar safety and efficacy in the randomized, controlled STEALTH I trial. This study compared the efficacy of a BA9-eluting stent versus sirolimus-eluting and bare metal control stents. Methods: Forty-five patients with de novo coronary lesions were randomly assigned in a 2:1 basis to receive either BA9-eluting (n = 30) or bare metal (n=15) S-stents. Quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), at 6 months, were then compared to a matched series of patients who received either sirolimus-eluting (n = 30) or bare metal (n = 15) Bx Velocity stents. Baseline clinical and angiographic characteristics were similar among all groups, except for a significantly higher percentage of females and Class C lesions in the BA9-eluting stent group. Results: At 6 month follow-up, there was no significant difference in clinical outcomes between any of the groups. QCA revealed significantly lower late loss in both drug-eluting stents (DES) groups compared to bare metal controls, but no significant difference between BA9 and SES groups was observed (0.24 ± 0.39mm vs. 0.15 ± 0.38mm, p = NS). Obstruction volume measured by 3D IVUS was significantly reduced in both DES groups compared to bare metal controls, but did not differ between the BA9 and SES groups (2.23% vs. 3.30%, BA9 vs. SES, p=NS). Conclusions: BA9-eluting stents reduce neointimal hyperplasia, safely and effectively, compared to BMS, and the magnitude of this inhibition is similar to that of SES.

Stents farmacológicos no mundo real: impacto de sua disponibilidade no perfil de pacientes tratados por meio de intervenção coronária percutânea em um Hospital Público / Drug-eluting stents in the real world scenario: the impact of their availability in the profile of patients treated percutaneously in a public hospital

Introdução: Pacientes submetidos a intervenção percutânea em hospitais públicos brasileiros não têm acesso aos stents farmacológicos. No início de 2006, participamos de um registro multicêntrico internacional que disponibilizava o uso rotineiro dessas próteses, no cenário do mundo real. Neste artigo, procuramos identificar os perfis clínico, angiográfico e do procedimento de pacientes consecutivamente tratados em períodos subseqüentes de dois meses, de acordo com a disponibilidade desses modelos, visando à identificação de eventuais alterações nesses perfis. Método: Estudo observacional de uma série de 471 pacientes, divididos em dois grupos: A, 229 casos dilatados na vigência da disponibilidade de stents farmacológicos; e B, 242 pacientes subseqüentes tratados da forma usual. Não houve critérios de inclusão/exclusão. Resultados: Stents farmacológicos foram mais implantados no grupo A (44% vs. 2%; p < 0,0001). No que se refere às características de base, observou-se predomínio significante de diabéticos dependentes de insulina em A (8% vs. 3%; p = 0,02), o mesmo ocorrendo com lesões-alvo tipos B2 ou C (73% vs. 57%; p < 0,0001), lesões situadas em bifurcações (15% vs. 9%; p = 0,02) e intervenções multiarteriais (15% vs. 6%; p = 0,003). A angiografia quantitativa identificou os casos de A como portadores de estenoses situadas em vasos de menor calibre (2,4 mm vs. 2,6 mm; p = 0,0004), também exibindo lesões mais longas (14,9 mm vs. 12,7 mm; p = 0,0008). Conclusões: A disponibilidade dos stents farmacológicos gerou alterações no perfil dos casos tratados, que passou a abordar situações mais predispostas à reestenose, como os diabéticos dependentes de insulina, os multiarteriais com lesões de alta complexidade e os portadores de lesões mais longas em vasos de fino calibre.

Introduction: Patients submitted to percutaneous intervention in public hospitals in Brazil have no access to DES. At the beginning of 2006, we participated in an international multicenter registry which made available the routine use of these prosthesis, in a “real world” scenario. In this article, we intend to identify the clinical, angiographical and procedural profiles of the patients, consecutively treated in two-month subsequent periods, according to the availability of these models, with the aim of identifying eventual changes in their profiles. Method: Observational series of 471 patients, divided into two groups: A) 229 cases, treated during a period of availability of DES for routine use; and B) 242 patients subsequently treated as usual (no routine avalilability of DES). There were no inclusion/exclusion criteria. Results: More DES were implanted in group A (44% vs. 2%; p<0.0001). Regarding baseline clinical and angiographic characteristics, a significant predominance of insulin-dependent diabetics was observed in group A (8% vs. 3%; p=0.02), as well as B2 or C lesions (73% vs. 57%; p<0.0001); lesions in bifurcations (15% vs. 9%; p=0.02), and multiarterial interventions (15% vs. 6%; p=0.003). Quantitative angiography identified the A group cases as bearers of stenosis placed in smaller vessels (2.4 mm vs. 2.6 mm; p=0.0004), also exhibiting longer lesions (14.9 mm vs. 12.7 mm; p=0.0008). Conclusions: The availability of DES changed the profile of the patients treated, being more likely situations prone to restenosis, such as insulin dependent diabetics, multiarterial disease, patients presenting complex lesions, longer lesions and smaller target vessels.

Incidência de aposição incompleta persistente e tardia após implante de stents com sirolimus e zotarolimus / Incidence of persistent and late-acquired incomplete stent apposition after sirolimus and zotarolimus-eluting stents

Introdução: Aposição incompleta (AI) é descrita após implante de stents farmacológicos (SF) e pode associar-se à trombose de stents. Em razão de diferentes plataformas, polímeros e fármacos utilizados, diferenças na eficácia e na segurança entre SF também são esperadas. Objetivo: Avaliar a incidência de AI persistente e tardia após implante de stents com sirolimus (SES) e com zotarolimus (ZES) e a evolução dos pacientes que apresentem essa alteração. Método: Análise de 242 pacientes tratados com SF (175 pacientes com SES – Cypher® – e 67 pacientes com ZES – Endeavor™) e submetidos a ultra-sonografia intracoronária após o implante e aos seis meses. Resultados: No grupo tratado com SES, 7 (4%) pacientes apresentaram AI tardia e 12 (6,8%), AI persistente. No grupo tratado com ZES, nenhum caso de AI tardia foi identificado e, em 4 pacientes, observou-se AI após o implante e que desapareceu aos seis meses. Nos pacientes com AI tardia, observou-se aumento evolutivo dos volumes do vaso (de 377,2 ± 148,9 mm3 para 431,9 ± 155,1 mm3; p = 0,51)e da placa (de 206,1 ± 51,5 mm3 para 236,9 ± 68,4 mm3; p = 0,36). O volume de hiperplasia intimal foi maior após ZES (16,6 ± 5,8 mm3 vs. 5,1 ± 5,5 mm3; p < 0,0001). Após nove meses, não ocorreram eventos cardíacos adversos nos pacientes com AI. Conclusão: A incidência de AI tardia foi de 2,9% e observada após SES. A presença de AI não esteve relacionada a eventos adversos a médio prazo.

Background: Incomplete stent apposition (ISA) has been documented after drug-eluting stents (DES) and could be related to stent thrombosis. Because DES differ in metal platform, polymer and pharmacological agent, differences in performance and safety are expected. Objective: We sought to investigate the frequency and clinical consequences of ISA after implantation of sirolimus- (SES) and zotarolimuseluting stents (ZES). Methods: 242 patients (pts) who underwent DES placement (175 pts with Cypher® and 67 pts with EndeavorTM stents) had serial intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) performed (at index procedure and after 6-months). Results: 7 pts (4%) had late-acquired ISA after SES. Another 12 (6.8%) pts treated with SES had persistent ISA. Among pts treated with ZES, none had late ISA and 4 had ISA observed after stent implantation that completely resolved at 6-months. There was an increase in vessel (377.2 ± 148.9 to 431.9 ± 155.1 mm3, p = 0.51) and in plaque volume (206.1 ± 51.53 to 236.91 ± 68.4 mm3, p=0.36) in pts with late ISA. Amount of neointimal hyperplasia was significantly higher in ZES than SES (16.6 ± 5.8 mm3 vs 5.1 ± 5.5 mm3, p < 0.0001). After 9 months, no adverse clinical event was observed in pts with ISA. Conclusion: Overall incidence of IVUS-detected late incomplete DES apposition was 2.9%, all after SES. The presence of ISA was not related to clinical adverse events during mid term follow-up.

Manuseio Percutâneo das lesöes coronarias >20mm através dos stents. Existe uma estratégia de primeira escolha? / Percutaneous handling of coronary lesions >20mm through stents. Is there a first choice strategy?

OBJECTIVE - This study compared the early and late results of the use of one single stent with those of the use of multiple stents in patients with lesions longer than 20mm. METHODS - Prospective assessment of patients electively treated with stents, with optimal stent deployment and followed-up for more than 3 months. From February '94 to January '98, 215 patients with lesions >20mm were treated. These patients were divided into 2 groups as follows: Group A - 105 patients (49 percent) with one stent implanted; Group B - 110 patients (51 percent) with multiple stents implanted. RESULTS - The mean length of the lesions was 26mm in group A (21-48mm) versus 29mm in group B (21-52mm) (p=0.01). Major complications occurred in one patient (0.9 percent) in group A (subacute thrombosis, myocardial infarctionand death) and in 2 patients (1.8 percent) in group B (one emergency surgery and one myocardial infarction) (p=NS). The results of the late follow-up period (6 months) were similar for both groups (group A = 82 percent vs group B = 76 percent; p=NS), and we observed an event-free survical in 89 percent of the patients in group A and in 91 percent of the patients in group B (p=NS). Angina (group A = 11 percent vs group B =7percent) and lesion revascularization (group A = 5 percent vs group B = 6 percent; p=NS) also occurred in a similar percentage. No infarction or death was observed in the late follow-up period; restenosis was identified in 33 percent and 29 percent of the patients in groups A and B, respectively (p=NS). CONCLUSION - The results obtained using one stent and using multiple stents were similar; the greater cost-effectiveness of one stent implantation, however, seems to make this strategy the first choice

Influência do quadro clínico nos resultados imediatos e tardios após aterectomia rotacional / Influence of the Clinical Presentation in Acute and Long-Term Results After Rotational Atherectomy

PURPOSE: To analyse the influence of unstable coronary syndromes (UCS) in the early and late prognosis after rotational atherectomy (RA). METHODS: We treated 236 patients with RA between Aug/1992 and May/1996. Patients were divided into two groups: A) stable coronary syndromes 120 (51) patients; B) UCS: 116 (49) patients. Definitions: 1) procedure success (PS)--lesion success in all locations were RA use was attempted, without a major complication; 2) late coronary events (LCE)--angina, MI, additional revascularization or death. RESULTS: There was a significant predominance of age > 70 (A = 14x B = 24, p = 0.03) in B and previous MI (A = 32x B = 11, p = 0.0001) in A. Other characteristics were similar in both groups, including complex lesions (type B2/C), which were observed in 77A stenosis and 80B lesions. PS was 95in A and 92in B (p = NS). In-hospital major complications were observed in 2.5A and 4.3B patients, (p = NS). One patient died in each group. A and B patients had similar time of follow-up. LCE occurred in 25A and 39B patients (p = 0.002). Recurrence of angina (36x 23; p = 0.01) and target lesion revascularization (29x 18; p = 0.03) were also more frequently required in B cases. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that UCS (group A) does not implicate in worse acute results after RA. However, UCS patients present greater incidence of late coronary events, particularly recurrence of angina and target-lesion revascularization.

Eficácia da redilatação coronária em portadores de reestenose da artéria descendente anterior / Efficacy of repeat percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty for coronary restenosis of the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery

PURPOSE: To analyze the clinical characteristics, acute and long term results of repeat percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) for restenosis of the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery (LDA) METHODS: We studied 113 patients, 79 male, mean age 59 years, 49.5 had stable angina, with single vessel proximal LDA disease undergoing repeat PTCA for a first restenosis from January/88 to December/92. We examined the in hospital outcome (success rate and complications) and long term follow up (angina status, occurrence of myocardial infarction (MI), death and need for repeat PTCA or coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) of this subgroup. RESULTS: Primary success was 96. Complications included: 1 MI, 1 emergency CABG and 1 procedural death. Follow up data (mean 42 months) was available in 102 (94) out of 109 patients with successful repeat PTCA: 64 (63) patients were asymptomatic, 5 (5) had a MI and 28 (27) required repeat PTCA or CABG. Actuarial 5 year freedom from death was 94, freedom from death and MI was 91 and freedom from death, MI and repeat PTCA or CABG was 52. CONCLUSION: Repeat PTCA is an effective treatment for proximal LAD restenosis with a high success rate, low incidence of procedural complications and provides excellent long term cardiac survival, however repeat revascularization is frequently required.

Objetivo - Analisar as características clínicas e angiográficas, e a evolução hospitalar e tardia dos pacientes submetidos à redilatação pós-reestenose da artéria coronária descendente anterior (DA). Métodos - Cento e treze pacientes uniarteriais, sendo 89 (79%) homens, com média de idade de 59 anos, 49,5% com quadro de angina estável, foram submetidos a angioplastia coronária eletiva da DA e redilatados no período de janeiro/88 a dezembro/92. Foram analisados quanto à evolução hospitalar (sucesso e complicações) e tardia (ocorrência de infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM), óbito e necessidade de novos procedimentos de revascularização - NPR). Resultados - O sucesso primário foi de 96%, ocorrendo 1% de JAM, 1% de cirurgia de emergência (CE) e 1% de óbito. Foram seguidos 102 (94%) pacientes, em média por 42 meses, sendo que 63% estavam assintomáticos, 5% apresentaram IAM, 5% morreram e 27% necessitaram NPR (aterectomia ou cirurgia). As curvas actuariais de 5 anos revelaram 94% de sobrevida global, 91% de sobrevida livre de IAM e 52% de sobrevida livre de IAM e NPR. Conclusão -A redilatação coronária pós-reestenose da DA é procedimento seguro e eficaz. As curvas actuariais revelaram excelente prognóstico, embora NPR sejam freqüentes

Angioplastia coronária em pacientes com lesoes reestenóticas. Caracterização do perfil clínico e angiográfico, evolução hospitalar e implicaçoes para seleção de pacientes / Coronary angioplasty in patients with restenotic lesions. clinical and angiographic profile, In-hospital outcome and implications for patient selection

PURPOSE--To define the clinical and angiographic profile of patients undergoing to a 2nd or a 3rd coronary angioplaty (PTCA) for the treatment of restenosis, and assess the safety and efficacy of redilatation. METHODS--Patients submitted to PTCA for a 1st (1stRE) or a 2nd (2ndRE) restenosis, from Jan/1980 through Dec/1993, were retrospectively identified, and compared to those undergoing to PTCA for de novo lesions (DN). RESULTS--A total of 5,736 underwent to dilatation of primary lesions, 610 of a 1stRE, and 64 of a 2ndRE. Patients with restenotic lesions had a higher prevalence of diabetes, smoking, history of prior infarction (1stRE e 2ndRE) and hyperlipidemia (2ndRE) as compared with primary lesions (p < 0.05). Besides patients with a 2ndRE had a higher incidence of left ventricular dysfunction, as compared to those with DN or a 1stRE (31.3 with EF < 45 in group 2ndRE, vs 19.8 and 23.1 in groups 1stRE and DN, respectively, p < 0.05). Primary success, infarct rate and mortality were similar in all groups, but emergency bypass surgery was significantly higher in the DN (2.1 vs 0.8 in 1stRE and 0 in 2ndRE, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION--Restenosis can be effectively treated by redilatation. Patients with clinical and angiographic features predisposing to further recurrence can be better treated with other interventions (i.e., coronary stents, bypass surgery).

Objetivo - Definir o perfil clínico e angiográfico dos pacientes submetidos à angioplastia coronária para tratar a 1ª ou 2ª recidiva e determinar os resultados dessa redilatação. Métodos -Identificar, retrospectivamente, os pacientes submetidos a uma 2g (1 gRE) ou 3ê (2-aRE) angioplastia para tratar reestenoses, entre jan/80 e dez/ 93, comparando-os com os submetidos à dilatação de lesões primárias (DN). Resultados - Um total de 5.736 haviam se submetido à dilatação de uma lesão primária, 610 de uma 1ª reestenose e 64 de uma 2ª reestenose. Pacientes com lesões reestenóticas apresentavam incidência significantemente maior de diabetes, tabagismo, história prévia de infarto (1ªRE e 2ªRE) e dislipidemia (2ªRE), que aqueles com lesões primárias (p<0,05). Além disso, os submetidos à 2ª recidiva apresentavam uma incidência significantemente maior de disfunção ventricular esquerda que os com 1ª reestenose ou lesões primárias (31,3 % com fração de ejeção <45% no grupo 2ªRE vs 19,8% no grupo 1ª RE e 23,1% no grupo DN, p<0,05). Os índices de sucesso, infarto e morte foram semelhantes nos 3 grupos; porém, a freqüência de cirurgia de emergência foi significantemente maior no grupo com lesões primárias (2,1% vs 0,8% no grupo 1ªRE e 0% no grupo 2ªRE, p<0,05). Conclusão - Pacientes com reestenose pós-angioplastia coronária podem ser tratados com segurança com nova dilatação. Determinados portadores de características clínicas e angiográficas predisponentes a novas recidivas possivelmen te se beneficiem mais se tratados com outras modalidades de revascularização do miocárdio

Ineficácia do diltiazem na prevençäo da reestenose após angioplastia coronária / Inefficacy of Diltiazem in the Prevention of Restenosis Following Coronary Angioplasty

PURPOSE--To evaluate the efficacy of diltiazem in preventing restenosis after balloon angioplasty (PTCA). METHODS--Eighty-nine patients who were undergone to successful PTCA, were divided them in 2 groups (G): A) 44 patients (50 per cent ) who received diltiazem (180 mg tid) immediately after PTCA and were kept on it for 6 months); B) 45 patients (50 per cent ) who received placebo. Fifty two lesions were dilated in GA and 54 in GB. Patients were excluded from analysis for several reasons, including: necessity of diltiazem or others calcium channel blockers use; heart failure, bradicardia, AV block of any degree, PTCA to chronic total occlusion, ostial lesions and AMI less than 30 days prior to PTCA. Patients were randomized to either the active drug or placebo in a double blind fashion. Restenosis was defined as a 50 per cent lesion. Patients underwent late angiography either at 6 months or sooner if clinically indicated. RESULTS--Both G were similar to age > 70 years (A = 7 per cent vs B = 4 per cent -p = NS), sex (A = 13 per cent vs B = 11 per cent -p = NS), stable angina (A = 43 per cent vs B = 51 per cent ), unstable angina (A = 57 per cent vs B = 49 per cent -p = NS) and single vessel (A = 91 per cent vs B = 87 per cent -p = NS) or multivessel (A = 9 per cent vs B = 13 per cent -p = NS) PTCA. We studied 39/44 (89 per cent ) patients in GA and 43/45 (96 per cent ) in GB (p = NS). We observed restenosis in 17/39 (43 per cent ) in GA and 16/43 (37 per cent ) in GB (p = NS). The restenosis rate per lesion was 39 per cent in GA and 31 per cent in GB (p = NS). CONCLUSION--Diltiazem was ineffective in the prevention of restenosis following PTCA

Angioplastia coronária com uso de duplo baläo em artéria de grande calibre (hugging balloons) / Coronary Angioplasty with the Double Balloon Technique in Large Lumen Artery (Hugging Balloon)

Em paciente do sexo masculino, com 73 anos de idade, foi realizada angioplastia em artéria coronária direita de grande calibre, com lesäo severa associada a trombo, utilizando-se 2 balöes, colocados lado a lado, e insuflados simultaneamente (técnica denominada Hugging Balloons), garantindo a obtençäo de lesäo residual pequena e boa evoluçäo hospitalar

In this case report the transluminal coronary angioplasty was performed in a oversized right coronary artery with a severe lesion with thrombus inside, using the Hugging balloon technique (two dilatation balloon catheters used simultaneously). This technique achieved minimal residual lesion and had a favorable clinical outcome of the patient

Angina instavel: aplicacao da revascularizacao percutanea e da terapeutica adjunta / Unstable angina: role of percutaneous revascularization and adjuntive therapy

Nesta revisao, os autores discorrem acerca do papel da revascularizacao percutanea (angioplastia corornaria, aterectomias e implante de "stent") no manuseio da angina instavel, enfatizando tambem a importancia que uma terapeutica adjunta criteriosamente indicada e conduzida tem nos resultados

Heparina na angioplastia coronária: estudo randomizado em casos com baixo risco para oclusäo aguda / Use of heparin in coronary angioplasty: randomizad trial in low risk patients for abrupt closure

Objetivo - Avaliar prospectivamente a eficácia da heparina em prevenir a oclusäo aguda pós-angioplastia coronária em situaçöes de baixo risco para a ocorrência deste fenômeno. Métodos - Nos últimos 4 anos, 525 pacientes submetidos a dilataçäo coronária com sucesso, foram randomizados para receber (n=264) ou näo (n=261) heparina, após procedimento. Os critérios de oclusäo foram contra-indicaçäo ao uso da droga e risco elevado para oclusäo aguda (angina instável refratária angioplastia direta no infarto do miocárdio, dissecçäo coronária, presença de trombos intracoronários e dilataçäo de oclusöes crônicas). Comparando os que receberam heparina com os que näo receberam, näo se observou qualquer diferença significativa, quanto ao sexo (15% x 17% do sexo feminino, NS), idade acima de 70 anos (7% x 9% NS), infarto prévio (26% x 24% NS), dilataçäo de múltiplos vasos (4% x 7% NS), angina estável (40% x 46X NS), angina instável (52% x 48%NS) e trombólise preliminar (8% x 6% NS). Resultados - No total dos casos, ocorreram 2/525 (0,4%, oclusöes agudas, sendo uma (0,4%) em cada grupo. Houve 1/525 (0,2%) óbito hospitalar, causado por infarto do miocárdio (grupo com heparina. A incidência de infarto foi 0,4% nos dois grupos: ocorreu 1 (0,4%) operaçäo de emergência no grupo sem heparina. Foram observadas complicaçöes hemorrágicas em 7% dos pacientes com heparina e em 2% dos que näo receberam a droga (p=0,02),todas nos locais de punçäo e dissecçäo utilizados para o cateterismo cardíaco. Näo houve hemorragias sistêmicas ou necessidade de transfusäo sanguínea. Conclusäo - Nos pacientes considerados de baixo risco para oclusäo aguda pós-angioplastia coronária, a ocorrência deste fenômeno foi realmente reduzida (0,4%). O emprego da heparina, em dose plena e com ajustes adequados aparentemente, näo influenciou este resultado

Purpose - To assess the efficacy of heparin in preventing the abrupt closure after coronary angioplasty in low risk patients for this phenomenon. Methods - In the last 4 years, 525 patients sucessfully dilated wore randomized to receive intravenous heparin (n=264) or not (n=261) after the angioplasty. The excluding criteria were contraindications for heparin and risifor abrupt closure (reiractory unstable angina, primary coronary angioplasty in acute myocardial inforction, evidence of intracoronary thrombos, intimal tear after the procedure and cases of chronic total oclusions). Both heparin and non heparin groups were similar in respect to female sex (15% x 17%; p=NS), age over 70 years old (7% x 9%; p=NS), previous myocardial infarction (26% x 24%; p=NS), multi-vessel procedures (4%x 7%; p=NS, stable angina (40% x 46%; p=NS), unstable angina (52% x 48%; p=NS) and angioplasty after thrombolitic therapy (8% x 6%; p=NS). Results - The overall incidence of abrupt closure was 2/525 (0.4%), with one case (0.4%) in each group. The in-hospital mortality was 1/525 (0.2%), which occured in a non-heparin patient, due to a anterior myocardial inforction. Major complications occured similary in heparin and non-heparin groups (0.4%). Bleeding complications were observed more frequently in the heparin group (7% x 2%,p=0.002). All of them were in the catheterization site and none required blood transfusion. Severe sistemic bleeding were not observed. Conclusion - In patients regarded as low risk for abrupt closure, the incidence of this complication was really low (0.4%) and heparin probably do not prevent it