Inhibitory effect of chikusetsusaponin IVa on proliferation of triple negative breast cancer cells / 药学学报

Chikusetsusaponin IVa (CsIVa) is a natural active monomer of triterpene saponins in the Chinese herbal medicine of Panax japonicus, which has anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and other effects. However, its function and mechanism in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) remain unclear. This study investigated the inhibitory effect and mechanisms of CsIVa on the proliferation of triple negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. In this study, we found that CsIVa could significantly inhibit the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells and eliminate its potential toxic effect on normal breast cells (MCF-10A). The transcriptome sequencing results showed that the inhibition of proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells by CsIVa was closely related to cell cycle and the pathway regulating cell cycle. Further studies confirmed that CsIVa blocked the cell cycle in G2/M phase by down-regulating the expression of cyclin dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), cyclin B1 and up-regulating the expression of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (p21). Moreover, CsIVa can block cell cycle through inhibiting PI3K/AKT signal pathway. In conclusion, CsIVa regulates the expression of cell cycle related proteins (p21, CDK1, cyclin B1) via inhibiting the activity of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, blocks TNBC cell cycle, and thus exerts its anti-tumor activity.

Human papillomavirus prevalence and type distribution in Chinese juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis patients / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To evaluate HPV prevalence and type distribution in Chinese juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (JoRRP) patients. Methods: We searched China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang data, China Biology Medicine disc, PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for studies assessing HPV infection of Chinese JoRRP patients up to 1 October, 2022. Two authors independently performed literature selection, data extraction, and quality assessment. HPV prevalence and HPV type-specific prevalence were pooled using a random effects model after Freeman-Tukey double arcsine transformation. All analyses were performed with R 4.1.3 software. Results: Nineteen publications investigating HPV infection of JoRRP patients were included in the final analyses. Of these, 16 studies reported HPV prevalence with a sample size of 1 528 patients, and 11 studies reported HPV6 prevalence and HPV11 prevalence with a sample size of 611 patients. All studies were graded as medium quality. In Chinese JoRRP patients, the synthesized HPV prevalence was 92.0% (95%CI:86.0%-96.6%, I2=87%), HPV6 prevalence was 42.4% (95%CI:34.9%-50.1%, I2=61%), and HPV11 prevalence was 72.3% (95%CI:59.0%-83.9%, I2=87%). All the pooled prevalence persisted in subgroup analyses stratified by publication year, sample size, and specimen type (P>0.05). There was no evidence of publication bias. In Chinese JoRRP patients, HPV16, 18, 31, 33, 52, and 58 prevalence was very low. Conclusions: Our findings suggested high HPV prevalence in Chinese JoRRP patients, and the most common HPV types were HPV6 and HPV11.

FOXO4 maintains senescence in human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells by repressing apoptosis / 生理学报

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of forkhead box O4 (FOXO4) on the senescence of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs). The hUC-MSCs were induced to senescence by natural passage, and FOXO4 expression was inhibited by lentiviral shRNA transfection. The hallmark of cell senescence was analyzed by β-galactosidase staining, and the cell viability was assayed by CCK-8 method. Flow cytometry was used to investigate the apoptosis of hUC-MSCs. The expression levels of Bcl-2, Bax, FOXO4, interleukin 6 (IL-6) and cleaved Caspase-3 were detected by qPCR and Western blot. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect FOXO4 expression. The amount of IL-6 secreted by hUC-MSCs was detected by ELISA. The results showed that, compared with the passage 1, senescent hUC-MSCs showed up-regulated expression levels of Bax and FOXO4, down-regulated expression levels of Bcl-2 and cleaved Caspase-3, and increased IL-6 mRNA expression and secretion. FOXO4 inhibition in senescent hUC-MSCs promoted cell apoptosis, reduced cell viability, and inhibited the mRNA expression and secretion of IL-6. These results suggest that FOXO4 maintains viability and function of senescent hUC-MSCs by repressing their apoptosis response, thus accelerating senescence of the whole cell colony.

BRCA1/2 mutation status in patients with metachronous breast and ovarian malignancies: clues towards the implementation of genetic counseling / 부인종양

Objective@#The characteristics of patients with metachronous breast and ovarian malignancies and the pathogenic role of BRCA1/2 mutations remain poorly understood. We investigated these issues through a review of hospital records and nationwide Taiwanese registry data, followed by BRCA1/2 mutation analysis in hospital-based cases. @*Methods@#We retrospectively retrieved consecutive clinical records of Taiwanese patients who presented with these malignancies to our hospital between 2001 and 2017. We also collected information from the Data Science Center of the Taiwan Cancer Registry (TCR) between 2007 and 2015. Next-generation sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification were used to identify BRCA1/2 mutations and large genomic rearrangements, respectively. When BRCA1/2 mutations were identified in index cases, pedigrees were reconstructed and genetic testing was offered to family members. @*Results@#A total of 12,769 patients with breast cancer and 1,537 with ovarian cancer were retrieved from our hospital records. Of them, 28 had metachronous breast and ovarian malignancies. We also identified 113 cases from the TCR dataset. Eighteen hospital-based cases underwent BRCA1/2 sequencing and germline pathogenic mutations were detected in 7 patients (38.9%, 5 in BRCA1 and 2 in BRCA2). All BRCA1/2 mutation carriers had ovarian high-grade serous carcinomas. Of the 12 patients who were alive at the time of analysis, 5 were BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. All of them had family members with BRCA1/2-associated malignancies. @*Conclusions@#Our results provide pilot evidence that BRCA1/2 mutations are common in Taiwanese patients with metachronous breast and ovarian malignancies, supporting the clinical utility of genetic counseling.

Treatment strategy for pregnancy epulis / 华西口腔医学杂志

Pregnancy epulis is a tumor-like lesion with high prevalence in China. The local lesion, the general condition of the pregnant patient, and the complications during treatment should be taken into consideration when making a treatment plan for pregnancy epulis. In this study, three representative pregnancy epulis cases were presented, and related studies at home and aboard were reviewed to summarize the etiology, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of pregnancy epulis and share the clinical experience in the treatment of pregnancy epulis.

Mechanism of α7nAChR agonist-induced protection in intestine in rats undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass: relationship with activity of enteric glial cells / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the mechanism of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) agonist-induced protection of the intestine in rats undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and the relationship with the activity of enteric glial cells (EGCs).Methods:Seventy-two clean-grade adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 400-500 g, were divided into 3 groups ( n=24 each) using a random number table method: sham operation group (group S), CPB group (group C) and α7nAChR agonist PHA568487 plus CPB group (group P). In group P, PHA568487 0.8 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected, and 30 min later CPB model was established.At the beginning of CPB (T 0), at 1 h of CPB (T 1), and at 2 and 6 h after termination of CPB (T 2, 3), the rats were sacrificed, and intestinal tissues were obtained for examination of the pathological changes and for determination of the expression of ZO-1, occludin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and calcium-binding protein (S-100β protein) by Western blot.The immunohistochemical method was used to observe the positive expression of GFAP at T 2. Results:Compared with group S, the expression of GFAP and S-100β protein was significantly up-regulated, and the expression of ZO-1 and occludin was down-regulated at T 1-3( P<0.05), the positive expression of GFAP was increased, and the intestinal tissue injury was accentuated in C and P groups.Compared with group C, the expression of GFAP, ZO-1 and occludin was significantly up-regulated, and the expression of S-100β protein was down-regulated at T 1-3( P<0.05), the positive expression of GFAP was increased, and the intestinal tissue injury was reduced in group P. Conclusion:The mechanism by which α7nAChR agonist attenuates intestinal injury may be related to activating EGCs and improving intestinal barrier function in rats undergoing CPB.

Research progress on exosomes in promoting bone regeneration / 基础医学与临床

Exosomes, small vesicles of endocytic origin, have attracted attention in bone regeneration field. The vesicles travel between cells and deliver functional cargoes like proteins and RNAs, thereby regulating targeted cells dif-ferentiation, commitment, function, and proliferation. Exosomes directly regulate MSCs into the osteoblastic lineage, stimulate bone regeneration by directly regulating osteoblast proliferation and activity, regulate osteoclast maturation and activity and stimulate bone growth and regeneration by increasing vessel formation. Meantime, exosomes resolves toxicity and immunogenicity problems caused by biomaterial treatment. Furthermore, compared with living cell trans-plantation, exosomes present a lower risk for severe complication(such as tumors, emboli formation).

Endogenous protective mechanism of intestinal barrier injury induced by cardiopulmonary bypass in rats: the relationship with enteric glia cells / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To evaluate the relationship between endogenous protective mechanism of intestinal barrier injury induced by cardiopulmonary bypass ( CPB) and enteric glia cells in rats. Methods Forty-eight clean-grade adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 400-500 g, were divided into 2 groups (n=24 each) using a random number table method: sham operation group (group S) and CPB group. Rats were sacrificed at the beginning of CPB, 60 min of CPB, and 2 and 6 h after CPB, and the intestinal tissues were removed for examination of pathological changes ( by HE staining) and for determina-tion of the expression of ZO-1, occludin, glial fibrillary acidic protein ( GFAP ) and calcium-binding pro-tein ( S-100) and the positive expression of GFAP ( by immunohistochemical method) . Results Compared with group S, the expression of GFAP and S-100 was significantly up-regulated at 60 min of CPB and 2 and 6 h after CPB, the expression of ZO-1 and occludin was down-regulated (P<0. 05), the positive expres-sion of GFAP was enhanced, and the intestinal mucosal injury was marked in group CPB. Conclusion The enhanced activation of enteric glia cells may be involved in the endogenous protective mechanism of in-testinal barrier injury induced by CPB in rats.

The feasibility of detecting endometrial and ovarian cancer using DNA methylation biomarkers in cervical scrapings / 부인종양

OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that DNA methylation of development-related genes may occur in endometrial cancer (EC)/ovarian cancer (OC) and may be detected in cervical scrapings. METHODS: We tested methylation status by quantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction for 14 genes in DNA pools of endometrial and OC tissues. Tissues of EC/normal endometrium, OC/normal ovary, were verified in training set using cervical scrapings of 10 EC/10 OC patients and 10 controls, and further validated in the testing set using independent cervical scrapings in 30 EC/30 OC patients and 30 controls. We generated cutoff values of methylation index (M-index) from cervical scrapings to distinguish between cancer patients and control. Sensitivity/specificity of DNA methylation biomarkers in detecting EC and OC was calculated. RESULTS: Of 14 genes, 4 (PTGDR, HS3ST2, POU4F3, MAGI2) showed hypermethylation in EC and OC tissues, and were verified in training set. POU4F3 and MAGI2 exhibited hypermethylation in training set were validated in independent cases. The mean M-index of POU4F3 is 78.28 in EC and 20.36 in OC, which are higher than that in controls (6.59; p<0.001 and p=0.100, respectively), and that of MAGI2 is 246.0 in EC and 12.2 in OC, which is significantly higher that than in controls (2.85; p<0.001 and p=0.480, respectively). Sensitivity and specificity of POU4F3/MAGI2 were 83%–90% and 69%–75% for detection of EC, and 61% and 62%–69% for the detection of OC. CONCLUSION: The findings demonstrate the potential of EC/OC detection through testing for DNA methylation in cervical scrapings.

New Insights into the Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Breast Cancer Metastasis / 한국유방암학회지

Cellular stress severely disrupts endoplasmic reticulum (ER) function, leading to the abnormal accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER and subsequent development of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). To accommodate the occurrence of ERS, cells have evolved a highly conserved, self-protecting signal transduction pathway called the unfolded protein response. Notably, ERS signaling is involved in the development of a variety of diseases and is closely related to tumor development, particularly in breast cancer. This review discusses recent research regarding associations between ERS and tumor metastasis. The information presented here will help researchers elucidate the precise mechanisms underlying ERS-mediated tumor metastasis and provide new directions for tumor therapies.

Combined vitamin C sonophoresis and neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (NdYAG) laser for facial hyperpigmentation: An outcome observation study in Asian patients.

Background: The neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (NdYAG) laser therapy has been a popular technique for facial rejuvenation but certain adverse effects like post-infl ammatory hyperpigmentation are issues of concern to Asian patients. Aims: To assess the outcome following combined treatment with vitamin C sonophoresis and NdYAG laser, in selected cases of facial hyperpigmentation. Methods: Twenty three women with dyschromia or melasma who had undergone fi ve sessions of Q-switched NdYAG laser therapy followed by transdermal delivery of vitamin C via sonophoresis were selected after a retrospective review of case records. The objective and subjective clinical outcomes and the side effects, including erythema, scaling, pruritus, dryness and post-infl ammatory hyperpigmentation were evaluated. Results: In both objective or subjective outcomes, 91.3% (21/23) of the patients showed an excellent or better outcome, while 8.7% (2/23) showed no change. A majority of the patients (73.9%, 17/23) experienced no post-infl ammatory hyperpigmentation or had slight post-infl ammatory hyperpigmentation which quickly resolved within 1 week. Only one (4.3%) patient had extreme post-infl ammatory hyperpigmentation which lasted for over a month. Limitations: This was a retrospective study without a control group; a comparative study with a control group (patients treated with the laser alone, without vitamin C sonopheresis) is needed to determine the difference in the outcome. Conclusion: The use of vitamin C sonophoresis along with NdYAG laser may reduce the incidence of adverse effects in Asian patients. Patients experienced obvious improvement in hyperpigmentation and had lower chances of experiencing extreme or severe post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.

Retroauricular Endoscope-Assisted Approach to the Neck: Early Experience in Latin America

Abstract Introduction There has been a significant increase in concern towards improving aesthetic and functional outcomes without compromising the oncologic effectiveness in head and neck surgery. In this subset, endoscope-assisted and robotic procedures allowed the development of new approaches to the neck, including the retroauricular access, which is now routinely used, especially in Korea. Objectives This study aims to provide a descriptive analysis of our initial experience with retroauricular endoscope-assisted approach assessing feasibility, safety, and aesthetic results. Methods Prospective analysis of the first 11 eligible patients submitted to retroauricular endoscope-assisted approach for neck procedures in the Head and Neck Surgery Department at AC Camargo Cancer Center. Results A total of 18 patients were included in this study, comprising 7 supraomohyoid neck dissections, 8 submandibular gland excisions, 3 thyroid lobectomies, and one paraganglioma excision. There was no significant local complications, surgical accident, or need for conversion into conventional open procedure in this series. Conclusion Our initial experience has shown us that this approach is feasible, safe, oncologically efficient, and applicable to selected cases, with a clear cosmetic benefit.

Effects of Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Combined with Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor on Self-maintenance and Self-renewal of Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells In Vitro / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of LIF combined with bFGF on the proliferation, stemness and senescence of hUC-MSC.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Experiments were divided into 4 groups: control group, in which the cells were treated with complete medium (α-MEM containing 10% FBS); group LIF, in which the cells were treated with complete medium containing 10 ng/ml LIF; group bFGF, in which the cells were treated with complete medium containing 10 ng/ml bFGF; combination group, in which the cells were treated with complete medium containing 10 ng/ml LIF and 10 ng/ml bFGF. The growth curves of hUC-MSC at passage 4 in different groups were assayed by cell counting kit 8. Cellular morphologic changes were observed under inverted phase contrast microscope; hUC-MSC senescence in different groups was detected by β-galactosidase staining. The expression of PCNA, P16, P21, P53, OCT4 and NANOG genes was detected by RT-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The cell growth curves of each group were similar to the S-shape; the cell proliferation rate from high to low as follows: that in the combination group > group bFGF > group LIF > control group. Senescence and declining of proliferation were observed at hUC-MSC very early in control group; the cells in group LIF maintained good cellular morphology at early stage, but cell proliferation was slow and late senescence was observed; a few cells in group bFGF presented signs of senescence, but with quick proliferation; the cells in combination group grew quickly and maintained cellular morphology of hUC-MSC for long time. The LIF and bFGF up-regulated the expression of PCNA, OCT4 and NANOG, while they down-regulated the expression of P16, P21, P53, and their combinative effects were more significant.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>LIF combined with bFGF not only can promote the proliferation and maintenance of stemness of hUC-MSC, but also can delay the senescence of hUC-MSC.</p>

Icaritin promotes chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs by Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway / 中国中药杂志

To investigate the effect of icaritin (ICT) combined with GDF-5 on chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), and discuss the action of Wnt signaling pathway, full bone marrow adherent method was used to isolate and culture SD rats BMSCs, and the cells at P3 generation were taken and divided into 6 groups： BMSCs group, ICT group, GDF-5 group, GDF-5+ICT group, GDF-5+ICT+SB216763 group, and GDF-5+ICT+ XAV-939 group. The cells were induced and cultured for 14 days. The morphology change was observed by inverted microscope. Alcian blue staining method was used to detect the changes of proteoglycans. RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expressions of aggrecan, Col2, Sox9, Dvl1, Gsk3β, and β-catenin. The protein expressions of collagen 2 (COL2) and β-catenin were detected by Western blot. The results indicated that, compared with the BMSCs group, gradual increase was present in proteoglycan Alcian blue staining; mRNA expressions of cartilage differentiation marker genes aggrecan, COL2, Sox9 and the protein expression of COL2, as well as mRNA and protein expressions of Wnt signaling pathway-related gene β-catenin, but with gradual decrease in Gsk3β mRNA expressions in GDF-5 group, GDF-5+ICT group and GDF-5+ICT+SB216763 group. On the contrary, compared with GDF-5+ICT group, there was a decrease in expressions of Dvl1, and β-catenin related to chondrogenic differentiation and Wnt signaling pathway, a increase in Gsk3β mRNA expression, and also a decrease in protein expressions of COL2 and β-catenin in GDF-5+ICT+XAV-939 group, with statistically significant difference between two groups. GDF-5 in combination with icaritin can induce chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs in rats, and icaritin (ICT) can promote the chondrogenic differentiation. ICT can promote the chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs in vitro probably by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Regulation of SIRT1 by SREBP-1 in Adipogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the regulation of SIRT1 by transcription factor SREBP-1 in adipogeneic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Oil red O staining was used to identify the adipogenic differentiation of BMMSC; the mRNA transcription levels of AP2, LPL, SREBF-1, SIRT1 gene were detected by RT-PCR; the expession level of SREBP-1 was determined by Western-blot. The chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay was used to investigate the binding of SREBP-1 to SIRT1 promoter.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>BMMSC exposed to adipogenesis inducing medium become mature adipocytes at day 14; the mRNA transcription levels of AP2, LPL, SREBF-1, SIRT1 genes were up-regulated in adipocyte differentiation of BMMSC; the protein level of SREBP-1 was higher obviously; SIRT1 gene sequences was succesfully amplified from the genomic DNA immunoprecipitated by SREBP-1 antibody.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SREBP-1 can bind to the promoter region of the SIRT1 gene in adipogenesis of BMMSC, and may be involved in the transcriptional regulation of the SIRT1 gene.</p>

Effect of Total Ravonoids of Herba Epimedium on BMP-2/RunX2/OSX Signaling Pathway during Osteogenic Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effect of total flavonoids of Herba Epimedium (FHE) on BMP-2/RunX2/OSX signaling pathway in promoting osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Passage 3 BMSCs were randomly divided into the control group, the experimental group, and the inhibitor group. BMSCs in the control group were cultured in 0.2% dimethyl sulfoxide + Osteogenuxic Supplement (OS) fluid + DMEM/F12 culture media. BMSCs in the experimental group were intervened by 20 microg/mL FHE. BMSCs in the inhibitor group were intervened by 20 microg/mL FHE and 1 microg/mL NOGGIN recombinant protein. At day 9 alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was measured. Calcium nodules were stained by alizarin red staining and the density was observed. The transcription expression of osteogenic differentiation-related proteins (type I collagen, osteocalcin, and osteopontin) and related factors of BMP-2/RunX2/OSX signaling pathway was assayed by RT-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control group, ALP activities were enhanced and the density of calcium nodules significantly increased; type I collagen, osteocalcin, and osteopontin expression levels were increased in the experimental group. The expression of osteogenesis-related transcription factor was also increased in the experimental group. Noggin recombinant protein inhibited FHE promoting BMSCs osteogenesis in the inhibitor group. Compared with the experimental group, ALP activity decreased (P < 0.05), the density of calcium nodules was lowered, expression levels of type I collagen, osteocalcin, osteopontin significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in the inhibitor group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>20 microg/mL FHE promoted osteogenic differentiation process of BMSCs by BMP-2/RunX2/OSX signaling pathway.</p>

Mechanisms of ERK1/2 signaling pathway participate in inflammatory reaction caused by coronary heart disease / 天津医药

Objective To investigate the effects of ERK1/2 signaling pathway on coronary atherosclerosis-associated inflammatory reaction in autopsy cases. Methods Forty-five autopsy cases were divided into three groups:coronary arterydisease (CHD)-associated death group, CHD group and control group (n=15 for each group). The inflammatory cell infiltration in myocardial tissues was observed through staining leucocyte common antigen (CD45) by HE and immunohistochemistry method. The protein expression level and distribution in extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (t-ERK1/2) and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2) of myocardial tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western-blot assay. The expression level of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) was determined using semiquantitative RT-PCR analysis. The activity of nuclear factor (NF)-κB was assessed using electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Results Compared with CHD and control groups, myocardial inflammatory cell counts, phosphorylation of ERK1/2, TNF-α mRNA expression and NF-κB activation were significantly increased in CHD-associated death group (P < 0.05). Western blot analysis showed that the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 was positively correlated with expression of TNF-αmRNA and the number of inflammatory cells in CHD-associated death group (r=0.675, P<0.01;r=0.893, P<0.01). Conclusion Results reveal that the activation of ERK1/2 signaling pathway is considered as an important mechanism for coronary atherosclerosis caused myocardial inflammatory reaction, which indicates that the inhibition of ERK1/2 signal transduction pathway may become a potential new target for prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic coronary infarction.

Expression Level of Sphingosine Kinase 1 and Nuclear Factor-κB p65 in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Their Relationship with Tumor Prognosis / 天津医药

Objective To investigate expression level of sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and their relationships with invasion, metastasis and prognosis of NSCLC. Meth-ods Ninety-three NSCLC specimens and paraneoplastic normal lung tissue from conventional surgery were confirmed by histology. Expression of SPHK1 and NF-κB were detected by Immunohistochemistry on paraffin sections. Primary antibody were Rabbit Anti-Human SPHK1 and Rabbit Anti-Human NF-κB p65, which were incubated 1 hour in water bath. The secondary antibody was HRP-Polymer anti Mouse IgG, which was incubated 20 minutes in water bath. Results SPHK1 ex-pression was positive in 96.8% (90/93) of NSCLC specimen which is higher than in paraneoplastic normal lung tissue in which the positive rate is 18.3%(17/93);NF-κB expression was positive in 89.2%(83/93) NSCLC which is higher than the in paraneoplastic normal lung tissue in which the positive rate is 12.9%(12/93). The expression of SPHK1 and NF-κB in NSCLC was positively correlated (r=0.464, P＜0.01). TThe expression levels of SPHK1 and NF-κB p65 in NSCLC patients with were positively related to TNM staging and lymph node metastasis. SPHK1 expression and NF-κB p65 expression lev-el were higher in the deads than in survivals. There was no statistical significance in different expression intensity of SPHK 1 and NF-κB p65 in patients with NSCLC who had differences in gender, age, tumor size, tumor location, histological type. Survival analysis showed that survival time of patients of NSCLC with high expression of SPHK1 was shorter than those in the group with low SPHK1 expression, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=14.025, P ＜ 0.01). Conclusion In the process of NSCLC invasion and metastasis,SPHK1 may play an important role through NF-κB, and it can predict prognosis of NSCLC patient. Moreover, it will become a potential target for NSCLC target.

Evaluating the current protocol of influenza A (H1N1) based on the epidemic situations of Zhengzhou,a middle-sized city in China / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>From May 2009-January 2010, a total of 3768 biosamples were tested for influenza A (H1N1) infection at Zhengzhou center for disease control and prevention, China. 1452 cases were laboratory confirmed H1N1 infection and 2316 were considered suspected victims. To evaluate the current protocol of influenza A (H1N1) based on the epidemic situations of Zhengzhou, relationships among features were explored and whether additional clinical characteristics should be part of H1N1 diagnosis protocols were determined.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Both clinical and epidemiologic findings as well as statistical analyses were described in this article. Test for independence between features related to the disease diagnosis has been proposed. Furthermore, logistic regression was carried out to measure the association among features and latent class analysis was performed to identify additional crucial features in laboratory confirmed H1N1 by building various latent models with different combinatorial features.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean generation time for H1N1 was estimated as 3.59 +/- 1.41 days (range = 2.01-7.26). The estimated infection rate was 0.258 +/- 0.088 3, and reproduction number was 1.94 (95% CI = 1.12-3.18). Our results revealed that the six features, including molecular detections using three separate primer/probe sets, gender, age and temperature, are all associated with clinical diagnosis of H1N1, and that three separate primer/probe sets for laboratory confirmed H1N1, age and temperature are associated with each other.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Additional clinical features applied into the H1N1 diagnosis with current three primers/probe sets can increase the diagnostic efficiency.</p>