Research Progress in Diagnostic Reference Levels in Interventional Radiology / 中国医学科学院学报

During interventional procedures,subjects are exposed to direct and scattered X-rays.Establishing diagnostic reference levels is an ideal way to optimize the radiation dose and reduce radiation hazard.In recent years,diagnostic reference levels in interventional radiology have been established in different countries.However,because of the too many indicators for characterizing the radiation dose,the indicators used to establish diagnostic reference levels vary in different countries.The research achievements in this field remain to be reviewed.We carried out a retrospective analysis of the definition,establishment method,application,and main factors influencing the dose difference of the diagnostic reference level,aiming to provide a basis for establishing the diagnostic reference level for interventional procedures in China.

Comparison on clinical features between dilated cardiomyopathy patients with or without right heart failure / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To compared the clinical data of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) patients who were only left or right heart failure with the DCM patients who were right heart failure as the main clinical manifestations. Methods During January 2013 to January 2017, 25 cases of DCM with right heart failure as the main clinical manifestations, 55 cases of DCM with only left heart failure and 10 cases of DCM with only right heart failure were admitted in our department. The demographic and clinical data, echocardiography, brain natriuretic peptide(BNP) and serum total bilirubin were analyzed. Results Sex, age, course of disease and vital signs were similar between the three groups, while the left ventricular end diastolic diamesion[(76.3±13.7)mm,(67.6±12.3)mm, (59.4±4.2)mm], dimension of the left atrium[(58.5±9.3)mm, (47.4±7.2)mm, (49.0±6.5) mm], pulmonary artery pressure[(55.2±12.4)mmHg, (37.8±7.7)mmHg, (35.9±7.1)mmHg], incidence of pericardial effusion(9/25, 6/55, 1/10), BNP level[(1378.3±441.6)ng/mL, (897.2±353.4)ng/mL (766.4±381.7)ng/mL] were significantly higher while left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) was significantly lower in DCM with right heart failure as the main clinical manifestations than those in DCM with only left or right heart failure[(44.6±28.3)μmol/L, (20.1±11.7) μmol/L,P<0.05]. Conclusion DCM patients with right heart failure as the main clinical manifestations is linked with worse clinical features than DCM patients with only left or right heart failure.

Comparison on clinical features between dilated cardiomyopathy patients with or without right heart failure / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To compared the clinical data of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) patients who were only left or right heart failure with the DCM patients who were right heart failure as the main clinical manifestations. Methods During January 2013 to January 2017, 25 cases of DCM with right heart failure as the main clinical manifestations, 55 cases of DCM with only left heart failure and 10 cases of DCM with only right heart failure were admitted in our department. The demographic and clinical data, echocardiography, brain natriuretic peptide(BNP) and serum total bilirubin were analyzed. Results Sex, age, course of disease and vital signs were similar between the three groups, while the left ventricular end diastolic diamesion[(76.3±13.7)mm,(67.6±12.3)mm, (59.4±4.2)mm], dimension of the left atrium[(58.5±9.3)mm, (47.4±7.2)mm, (49.0±6.5) mm], pulmonary artery pressure[(55.2±12.4)mmHg, (37.8±7.7)mmHg, (35.9±7.1)mmHg], incidence of pericardial effusion(9/25, 6/55, 1/10), BNP level[(1378.3±441.6)ng/mL, (897.2±353.4)ng/mL (766.4±381.7)ng/mL] were significantly higher while left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) was significantly lower in DCM with right heart failure as the main clinical manifestations than those in DCM with only left or right heart failure[(44.6±28.3)μmol/L, (20.1±11.7) μmol/L,P<0.05]. Conclusion DCM patients with right heart failure as the main clinical manifestations is linked with worse clinical features than DCM patients with only left or right heart failure.

Evaluation of health-related quality of life of the empty-nest elderly in Hangzhou / 预防医学

Objective To investigate health-related quality of life of the empty-nest elderly in Hangzhou and its influencing factors.Methods A total of 1000 empty-nest elderly were selected to participate the questionaire survey, using a stratified cluster sampling method,and the five-dimensional European quality of health scale(EQ-5D)was used to measure the health status of the empty-nest elderly. Chi square test and univariate ANOVA analysis were used to identify potential influencing factors.Results A total of 992 participants were involved in this study. The proportions of participants who had difficulties or problems in mobility,self-care,usual activities,pain/discomfort,and anxiety/depression were 16.13%,11.09%,19.76%,48.49% and 29.84% respectively. In terms of usual activities, pain/discomfort,and anxiety/depression,the proportions of empty-nest elderly who had difficulties or problems in those three dimensions were significantly higher in urban areas than in rural areas(P<0.05). The range of EQ-5D utility value was -0.11 to 0.85,with an average value of 0.75±0.13. The study showed that the elderly without chronic diseases, tending to pour out their feelings or ask for help when they were in trouble,participating activities held by political parties or communities,with lower personal incomes,and depending on children to support their life after retirement were more likely to have higher EQ-5D utility values(all P<0.01).Conclusion The health-related quality of life of empty-nest elderly in Hangzhou is at a low level,and is influenced by several soci-demographic factors. Encouraging the elderly to ask for help,improving the management of chronic diseases and providing more social supports could improve the health-related quality of life of the elderly.

A survey on the pension willingness of empty-nest elderly in Hangzhou City and its influencing factors / 预防医学

Objective To learn the pension willingness and influencing factors of empty-nest elderly in Hangzhou City. Methods A total of 1000 empty-nest elderly in Hangzhou, taking a formal hosusehold registration, living≥1 year, age≥ 65 years old, were selected from two urban districts and three suburbs by multi-stage simple random sampling, and were surveyed with questionnaires. The data was analyzed by logistic regression model to study the influencing factors of pension willingness. Results A total of 992 valid questionnaires were collected and the effective rate was 99.20%. There were 407 (41.03%) , 365 (36.79%) , 208 (20.97%) and 12 (1.21%) people in the 992 empty-nest elderly, choosing their children's support, social pension insurance, personal pension and other old-age methods. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that, the empty-nest elderly who worried about pension costs (OR=3.007, 95%CI:1.751-5.155), and the greatest wish was physical health (OR=4.404, 95%CI:1.461-13.276), family harmony (OR=7.724, 95% CI: 2.158-27.646), children work smoothly (OR=4.811, 95%CI: 1.203-19.246) . The lower health score (OR=0.982, 95% CI: 0.965-0.999), choosing their children's support as their pension willingness were relatively high, and the empty-nest elderly who worried about pension costs (OR=2.058, 95%CI: 1.267-3.344), the original occupation for the staff (OR=2.353, 95% CI: 1.091-5.078) , city household registration (OR=0.546, 95% CI:0.349-0.856) . The lower the health score (OR=0.979, 95%CI: 0.966-0.993) choose social pension insurance as their pension willingness would be relatively high pension. Conclusion The influencing factors of the pension willingness of the empty-nest elderly were worried about pension costs, the greatest wish, and health status, urban and rural household registration.

The effect of miR-124 on homocysteine-induced atherosclerosis via promoter region DNA methylation in ApoE(-/-) mice / 生理学报

The aim of the present study is to explore the role of miR-124 and its promoter region DNA methylation in homocysteine (Hcy)-induced atherosclerosis. ApoE(-/-) mice were fed with hypermethionine diet for 16 weeks to duplicate hyperhomocysteinemia model. Meanwhile, a normal control group (C57BL/6J mice fed with normal diet, N-control) and a model control group (ApoE(-/-) mice fed with normal diet, A-control) were set. The degree of atherosclerosis was observed by HE and oil red O staining. Automatic biochemical analyzer was used to detect the serum levels of Hcy. Foam cell model was duplicated and oil red O staining was used to confirm whether the model was successfully established. And foam cells were stimulated with 0, 50, 100, 200, 500 μmol/L Hcy and 50 μmol/L Hcy + 10 μmol/L AZC respectively. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the expressions of miR-124 in mice aorta and foam cells; Nested landing methylation specific PCR (nMS-PCR) was used to detect the levels of miR-124 promoter DNA methylation in mice aorta and foam cells. Meanwhile, the effects of DNA methylation inhibitor AZC on miR-124 expression were observed at the cellular level. The effect of miR-124 promoter DNA methylation status on lipid accumulation in foam cells was observed by oil red O staining. The results showed that compared with model control group, the serum levels of Hcy in high methionine group were significantly increased (P < 0.01) and developed aortic atherosclerotic plaque, the expression of miR-124 was markedly decreased (P < 0.01), while the levels of miR-124 promoter DNA methylation were significantly increased (P < 0.01). Given different levels of Hcy, the expression of miR-124 in foam cells was decreased, while the levels of miR-124 promoter DNA methylation were increased in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). AZC reversed the results of mentioned indices as above markedly (P < 0.05). Downregulation of miR-124 may play a role in Hcy-induced atherosclerosis and its promoter DNA methylation status may be an important mechanism in this process.

A study on the construction of health unit evaluation index system / 预防医学

Objective To develop a scientific evaluation index system and promote the health unit construction.Methods The framework of evaluation index system was developed using the method of Delphi expert consultation and focus group discussion.The weights at all levels of the index were calculated by Delphi expert consultation and the analytic hierarchy process to develop the evaluation index system.Results The response rates of 2 round consultation including 15 experts were both 100. 00%.The authority coefficient was 0. 825 and the coefficient of variation was less than 0. 30.The P values of coordination coefficient were less than 0. 01.Conclusion This evaluation index system covered major factors of the health unit construction,and could be widely used to evaluate the health unit construction.

An evaluation of the health promoting in farmers' market in Hangzhou City / 预防医学

Objective To evaluate the effects of health promoting in farmers ' market,in order to provide evidence for effective intervention. Methods Comprehensive intervention trials with 2 - year follow-up were conducted in farmers ' markets of Hangzhou city,and all the individual enterprises were investigated by questionnaires. The environment of market and files were also inspected. Results After intervention,the environment of markets were improved. compared to the baseline,qualification rates of products all improved significantly(p<0. 01). The knowledge about food safety regulations, labels,prevention of intestinal infectious disease,harm of expired vegetables and treatment with expired food and prohibited food were widely informed( p <0. 01 ). The poultry salesmen had a growing awareness of avian influenza A,and they became more professional in protective equipments,disinfecting and hand-washing. Conclusion The health promoting program in farmers' markets has the effect on environment,management of food-safety and the health literacy of individual enterprises.

Fruit and vegetable consumption and related influencing factors among urban junior students in Hangzhou / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To explore the fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption and related influencing factors among urban junior students in Hangzhou.Methods In a cross-sectional study,a self-administered questionnaire was used to assess the frequency and amount of FV consumption as well as related socio-demographic characteristics.Logistic regression method was applied to study other factors related to the amount of vegetables consumption ≥ 21 servings and fruit comsumption ≥14 servings per week.Results Among 3724 junior students included in this study,54.7％ of them consumed FV daily,23.6％ consumed vegetables ≥21 servings and fruit ≥14 servings per week (equaled to vegetables ≥3 servings and fruit ≥2 servings every day).The level of FV intake was high in girls,mother with higher education,and higher family socioeconomic status (SES).After controlling 5 socio-demographic factors,data on the consumption of daily vegetables ≥21 servings and fruit ≥ 14 servings weekly,were positively associated with daily physical activity (PA) ≥60 min (OR=1.667,95％CI:1.216-2.203),encouragement on FV intake daily by family (OR=1.881,95％ CI:1.498-2.363),positive familial attitude on the daily intake of FV (OR=1.275,95％ CI:1.025-1.586),preparation FV 3-6 days per week (OR=1.691,95％CI:1.310-2.183) or daily (OR=2.944,95％ CI:2.348-3.690),family consumption of FV with children/3-6 days per week (OR=1.392,95％ CI:1.056-1.835) or on the daily base (OR=2.817,95％ CI:2.217-3.580),breakfast usually made at home (OR=1.364,95％ CI:1.158-1.607),offering FV course atschool last year (OR=1.238,95％CI:1.035-1.480) and awareness on the benefit of FV (OR =3.150,95％ CI:1.121-8.856) etc.respectively.Conclusion Socio-demographic characteristics,daily PA,dietary pattern at home,education and awareness on the benefits of FV on health etc.were all related to the FV intake among junior students in Hangzhou.

Relations between attitude and practice of smoking and the training program regarding tobacco control among community medical staff members in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the relations between training and both the attitude and practice on smoking control among community medical staff members in Hangzhou,Zhejiang province.Methods Three representative districts including Xiacheng,Gongshu and Westlake were chosen from Hangzhou city.Questionnaire survey was applied to collect information from the related community medical staff members.The survey mainly contained three aspects:knowledge,attitude and practice regarding smoking control involved in the community medical activities.Availability and application of the resources on smoking cessation were also studied.Logistic regression analysis was applied to explore the factors associated with the smoking control training programs.Differences of rates between groups were assessed with chi-square statistics.Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to study the relationships among knowledge,attitude and practice related to smoking control programs,targeted to the community medical staff members.Results Eight hundred forty-six community medical workers were involved.Sixty-five percent of the community medical staff members had learned related knowledge on smoking control.Proportion of the community medical staff who had taken lessons on smoking control with 3-10 working years was 1.77 times more than the ones with experience less than two years (OR=1.77,95％CI:1.25-2.51).Eighty-eight point seven percent of the medical staff who had received smoking control training programs were identified with the consciousness that they should advise the patients to quit smoking,comparing to the proportion 81.60％ (Z=-2.87,P=0.00) in the control group.In terms of the practice regarding smoking control,data showed that 21.62％ of the medical staff who had received smoking control training programs would provide ‘how to quit smoking' to more than 90％ of the smoking patients,while the proportion in the control group was 10.65％ (Z=-5.68,P=0.00).The use of drugs,traditional Chinese medicine therapy and the smoking cessation hotline rate were all less than 30％.Conclusion The training programs being used on smoking control seemed useful in improving the consciousness and practice towards the smoking control programs during their medical activities among the community medical staff members.